Abstract:
:Glucagon from the pancreatic α-cells is a major blood glucose-regulating hormone whose most important role is to prevent hypoglycaemia that can be life-threatening due to the brain's strong dependence on glucose as energy source. Lack of blood glucose-lowering insulin after malfunction or autoimmune destruction of the pancreatic β-cells is the recognized cause of diabetes, but recent evidence indicates that diabetic hyperglycaemia would not develop unless lack of insulin was accompanied by hypersecretion of glucagon. Glucagon release has therefore become an increasingly important target in diabetes management. Despite decades of research, an understanding of how glucagon secretion is regulated remains elusive, and fundamentally different mechanisms continue to be proposed. The autonomous nervous system is an important determinant of glucagon release, but it is clear that secretion is also directly regulated within the pancreatic islets. The present review focuses on pancreatic islet mechanisms involved in glucose regulation of glucagon release. It will be argued that α-cell-intrinsic processes are most important for regulation of glucagon release during recovery from hypoglycaemia and that paracrine inhibition by somatostatin from the δ-cells shapes pulsatile glucagon release in hyperglycaemia. The electrically coupled β-cells ultimately determine islet hormone pulsatility by releasing synchronizing factors that affect the α- and δ-cells.
journal_name
Ups J Med Scijournal_title
Upsala journal of medical sciencesauthors
Gylfe Edoi
10.3109/03009734.2016.1154905subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2016-05-01 00:00:00pages
120-32issue
2eissn
0300-9734issn
2000-1967journal_volume
121pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::Secondary osteosarcoma arising after the treatment of hematologic malignancies other than Hodgkin's lymphoma is rare. We report two cases of secondary osteosarcoma arising after treatment for childhood hematologic malignancies (non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and lymphoblastic leukemia). A 10-year-old boy, at the age of 3, was...
journal_title:Upsala journal of medical sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/03009730903177340
更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Previous experiments have demonstrated that neuronal cells within pancreatic islets survive the isolation procedure and constitute an integral part of transplanted pancreatic islets. The aim of the present study was to investigate to what extent immunosuppressive drugs affects the acute survival of intra-islet neurons...
journal_title:Upsala journal of medical sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/2000-1967-167
更新日期:2001-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The patterns of fingertip prints (dermatoglyphics) in Swedish series of sexual offenders of law compared with common offenders of law and normal individuals were analysed. The dermatoglyphic patterns in common offenders of law did not differ from those in normal individuals. The group of sexual offenders of law showed...
journal_title:Upsala journal of medical sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/03009739409179351
更新日期:1994-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The bisphosphonates are potent inhibitors of osteoclastic bone resorption that mainly have been used for treatment of hypercalcaemia secondary to malignancy. We have performed a controlled dose-finding study of oral pamidronate that was given to 60 patients with a history of fracture of the distal forearm, an enhanced...
journal_title:Upsala journal of medical sciences
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.3109/03009739109179272
更新日期:1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ventilation with decelerating inspiratory flow is known to reduce the dead space fraction and to decrease PaCO2. Constant inspiratory flow with an end-inspiratory pause (EIP) is also known to increase the removal of CO2. The aim of the study was to elucidate the effect of the pause/no-flow period while both the patter...
journal_title:Upsala journal of medical sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1517/03009734000000044
更新日期:2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In 2 monkeys of the species Macaca fascicularis the three dorsal column nuclei and the lateral cervical nucleus have been investigated immunocytochemically with antiserum against Substance P. The Substance P labeling was widely spread but rather sparse. It occurred in small structures of the size of boutons in the gra...
journal_title:Upsala journal of medical sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/03009738909178557
更新日期:1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cytosolic carbonic anhydrases CAI, CAII, and CAIII from liver, and CAII, and CAIII from muscle of adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were purified to homogeneity. CAIII from liver and muscle had the same amino acid composition and were immunochemically similar. Their kinetic properties at 0 degrees C were also similar. Km...
journal_title:Upsala journal of medical sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/2000-1967-131
更新日期:2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Abstract Pyogenic spondylitis is a common infectious disease caused by various microorganisms. It is difficult to predict the infecting microorganism at the time of initiation of treatment. Pneumonia is generally clarified into community or hospital-acquired types based on where the infection was acquired, and the i...
journal_title:Upsala journal of medical sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/03009734.2012.687406
更新日期:2012-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::There has been only one reported case of neuromuscular scoliosis following chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP). However, no cases of scoliosis that were treated with surgery secondary to CIDP have been previously described. A 16-year-old boy with CIDP was consultant due to the progression of scoli...
journal_title:Upsala journal of medical sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/03009734.2012.757682
更新日期:2013-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Rats were starved for 7 days or fed a protein-free or a 25% casein diet for 7 or 14 days. Free and total ribosomes were prepared from the liver. A determination of the ratio of mg RNA of ribosomes to mg DNA of the total homogenate was made. In starved rats, RNA of free and membrane-bound ribosomes decreased to the sam...
journal_title:Upsala journal of medical sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/03009738009179168
更新日期:1980-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The tubuloglomerular feedback mechanism is highly activated in juxtamedullary nephrons and considered to play a major role in intrarenal regulation of glomerular filtration rate. The vasculature of juxtamedullary nephrons is highly vasoreactive with a high ability for vasodilation. This vasoreactivity is a prerequisit...
journal_title:Upsala journal of medical sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/03009739209179287
更新日期:1992-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Background: Hepatic de novo lipogenesis (DNL) is ideally measured in very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL)-triacylglycerol (TAG). In the fasting state, the majority of plasma TAG typically represents VLDL-TAG; however, the merits of measuring DNL in total plasma TAG have not been assessed. This study aimed to assess the...
journal_title:Upsala journal of medical sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/03009734.2020.1739789
更新日期:2020-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Isokinetic torque of the knee and elbow during maximal extension and flexion and isometric strength of the handgrip, as well as balance and some circulatory variables, were tested in 37 patients one year after an acute stroke. Correlations with locomotion, household work and other activities of daily living (ADL) were...
journal_title:Upsala journal of medical sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/03009738209178405
更新日期:1982-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::SAPHO syndrome is a group of bone and joint abnormalities associated with skin lesions. A 29-year-old male presented with severe acne on his trunk and anterior chest wall, right knee and foot pain. Radiographs and magnetic resonance images showed hyperostosis in the sternocostoclavicular region, sclerosis of one-third...
journal_title:Upsala journal of medical sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/2000-1967-045
更新日期:2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Fifty-one healthy men, 18 - 19 years of age, with "organic" T wave aberrations (group T) were compared to 112 controls of the same age with normal electrocardiograms (Group A + B). Group T had increased heart rate and higher systolic and diastolic blood pressures. Their lower physical work capacity could be "explained...
journal_title:Upsala journal of medical sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/03009738009179186
更新日期:1980-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In experimental studies using a 0.1 mm focal sport tube, rare-eath screens, Cornex 4 film and diluted contrast agent (120 mgI/ml), 6Xmagnification detail in the walls of major arteries that could not be identified with standard radiography or 3Xmagnification. The method is applicable to studies of arteriosclerotic cha...
journal_title:Upsala journal of medical sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/03009737509179004
更新日期:1975-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Whether written feedback on drug prescribing in general practice affects prescribing habits is controversial. Most short-term studies showed no effect. However, the issue has not been tested in long-term studies involving the local general practitioner community. AIMS OF THE STUDY:To assess whether prescrib...
journal_title:Upsala journal of medical sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/03009734.2010.487165
更新日期:2010-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Bile salt sulphation in primary biliary cirrhosis was studied by measurements of the liver bile salt sulphotransferase levels in 16 patients. Although the enzyme activity varied among the patients it did not correlate with the severity of cholestasis. Furthermore, the mean bile salt sulphotransferase magnitude in pati...
journal_title:Upsala journal of medical sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/03009738309178432
更新日期:1983-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In this report, we present a 68-year-old man with rice body formation in the flexor tendon sheath of the fingers without any inflammatory diseases such as tuberculosis or rheumatoid arthritis. The patient visited our institute in March 2004 with a one-month history of swelling and pain of the right distal forearm. Lab...
journal_title:Upsala journal of medical sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/03009730902931408
更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Antimicrobial susceptibility testing with phenotypic methods requires breakpoints, i.e. a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) categorizing micro-organisms into susceptible, intermediately susceptible, and resistant for the relevant antimicrobial agent. Determinations of breakpoints require tools such as the underst...
journal_title:Upsala journal of medical sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/03009734.2014.901446
更新日期:2014-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Gastrointestinal transit was measured in non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice, as an animal model of human diabetes type 1, and in obese diabetic mice, as an animal model of human diabetes type 2. The endocrine cells known to correlate to gastrointestinal transit, namely secretin, serotonin, Peptide YY (PYY) and enteroglucag...
journal_title:Upsala journal of medical sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/2000-1967-139
更新日期:2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Prototype instruments are developed for determining haemoglobin and glucose content of blood based on optothermal spectroscopy. The optothermal instrument is described. The results of clinical haemoglobin and glucose tests show good agreement with standard methods. For haemoglobin a method reproducibility of better th...
journal_title:Upsala journal of medical sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/03009738609178508
更新日期:1986-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Non-contrast computed tomography (NCT) has become an important diagnostic tool in acute abdominal pain, but the drawback is the increased radiation dose compared to abdominal plain film (APF). PURPOSE:To evaluate whether NCT, including low-dose computed tomography (LDCT, using 50 mAs), provides more diagnos...
journal_title:Upsala journal of medical sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/03009730903294871
更新日期:2010-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The present investigation on 20 patients after total hip replacement surgery has confirmed that the posttraumatic increase of the fibrinolysis inhibition activity (FIA) in serum and plasminogen-depleted serum is due to the primary fibrinolysis inhibitor (PFI, alpha 2-antiplasmin). This protein exists in at least two f...
journal_title:Upsala journal of medical sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/03009738209178409
更新日期:1982-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To estimate the possible economic benefit of a sequential testing strategy with NT-proBNP to reduce the number of echocardiographies. METHODS:Retrospective study in a third-party payer perspective. The costs were calculated from three Swedish counties: Blekinge, Östergötland, and Uppland. Two cut-off levels...
journal_title:Upsala journal of medical sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/03009734.2012.751471
更新日期:2013-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) elicits both tumor-suppressive and tumor-promoting functions during cancer progression. Here, we describe the tumor-promoting functions of TGF-β and how these functions play a role in cancer progression. Normal epithelial cells undergo epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) throug...
journal_title:Upsala journal of medical sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/03009734.2011.638729
更新日期:2012-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::A thymolipoma in an 8-year-old boy is reported. The tumour had appeared on a routine chest X-ray as a broadened heart shadow and a peculiar right heart contour. Cardiac hypertrophy was suspected primarily. At thoracotomy a thymic tumour was found. ...
journal_title:Upsala journal of medical sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/03009737609179036
更新日期:1976-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In this review the advantages of the gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRHa) trigger are discussed beyond those immediately associated with ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) prevention. The GnRHa trigger concept has sparked the development of novel protocols, enriching the assisted reproductive technolog...
journal_title:Upsala journal of medical sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/03009734.2020.1737599
更新日期:2020-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:AIM:The aim of this study was to describe content and procedures in some selected Swedish health care quality registries (QRs) of relevance to regulatory decision-making. METHODS:A workshop was organized with participation of seven Swedish QRs which subsequently answered a questionnaire regarding registry content on d...
journal_title:Upsala journal of medical sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/03009734.2017.1285837
更新日期:2017-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Routine methods are proposed for the analysis of haemorheologic variables with only one instrument, a Low Shear 30 rotational couette viscometer. The variables are plasma viscosity, whole blood apparent viscosity, erythrocyte aggregation tendency and erythrocyte fluidity. These variables, in addition to erythrocyte vo...
journal_title:Upsala journal of medical sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/03009738909179250
更新日期:1989-01-01 00:00:00