Abstract：
:Multidrug resistance (MDR) is a phenomenon expressed by many tumors affecting the chemotherapy efficacy, treatment decision, and the disease prognosis. Considering its great implication, non-invasive approaches are needed to identify this phenomenon in early stages of the disease. This article discusses the potential of the emerging non-invasive bacterium-mediated imaging of cancer in diagnosis of MDR. This potential is derived from the effect of cancer MDR on the pharmacokinetics of certain antibiotics, which are substrates of the MDR proteins. Since MDR proteins actively pump their substrates outside the resistant cancer cells, the elimination of the employed reporter bacteria, proliferating within MDR cancer cells, would require a larger dose of these antibiotics compared to those inside non-MDR cancer cells. These bacteria bear reporter genes that produce specific signals such as bioluminescent, fluorescent, magnetic, or radioactive signals that can be detected by non-invasive imaging modalities. Therefore, the presence, degree, and mechanism of MDR can be estimated by comparing the concentration of the employed antibiotic, required to cease these signals (reflecting the elimination of the bacteria), to a pre-determined reference. The real time imaging of MDR cancer and the early diagnosis of MDR, offered by this approach, would provide a better tool for preclinical studies of MDR, and allow a prompt choice of the most appropriate therapy.
journal_name
Med Hypothesesjournal_title
Medical hypothesesauthors
Elkadi OA,Abdelbasset Mdoi
10.1016/j.mehy.2016.01.016subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2016-04-01 00:00:00pages
11-5eissn
0306-9877issn
1532-2777pii
S0306-9877(16)00035-9journal_volume
89pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:Is sleep especially beneficial in times of illness? Despite the widespread use of hypnotics, the medical position on this question is equivocal, for hospital practices seem rarely designed to encourage maximum sleeping. Sleep promotion is defined as the arrangement of conditions so that patients can achieve as much sl...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0306-9877(84)90005-7
更新日期：1984-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The malignant cell, in vivo, metabolizes and respires anaerobically. For a good many years scientists have been aware of anaerobia being present in malignant growths. The prevailing opinion is that the malignant cell is able to remain viable in an anaerobic medium. This assumption is incorrect and is actually misleadi...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0306-9877(92)90057-j
更新日期：1992-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The mechanism of dermatomyositis/polymyositis (DM/PM) is unknown. There are multiple probable trigger mechanisms. Internal malignancy is a specific trigger for some cases of DM/PM. It is known that there are marked changes in the extracellular matrix around tumors and that various fractions of depolymerized glycosamin...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0306-9877(93)90033-m
更新日期：1993-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:High doses of oestrogens in the dog and ferret cause myeloid hyperplasia in the bone marrow superseded by hypoplasia affecting all cell lines. In the peripheral blood after an initial leucocytosis, there is thrombocytopenia, anaemia and leucopenia. These effects, which are ultimately lethal, do not occur in cats, rats...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0306-9877(85)90070-2
更新日期：1985-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The 'Big Bang' is used to describe the origin of the Universe. While such an event could not create itself the expression is graphic. Tissue damage, traumatic, thermal, chemical; bites; insect, animal or human are all bad, but also well known factors which favor and initiate pathogenic activity. Antedating and outrank...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0306-9877(91)90036-x
更新日期：1991-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Preterm birth is an important perinatal health problem. Several possible mechanisms have been proposed but it may be important to have a testable mechanistic hypothesis that can explain the possible common mechanism for preterm births around the globe. Altered metabolism of micronutrients, like folic acid, vitamin B(1...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.mehy.2011.08.001
更新日期：2011-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Complex Regional Pain Syndrome (CRPS) has defied a clear unified pathological explanation to date. Not surprisingly, treatments for the condition are limited in number, efficacy and their ability to enact a cure. Whilst many observations have been made of physiological abnormalities, how these explain the condition an...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.mehy.2018.07.026
更新日期：2018-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Synthetic and semisynthetic fabrics generate electrostatic potentials on the surface of the skin. The author suggests that the effects of electrostatic potentials on physical and psychological condition are mediated by acupuncture points. The author further suggests that electrostatic charges on the surface of the ski...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1054/mehy.1999.0854
更新日期：2000-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Homocysteinemia, first identified as a genetic disease in children in the 1960s, is associated with severe widespread atherosclerosis which causes death (in untreated cases) before the age of 10 years. Elevated blood homocysteine is now recognized as a risk factor for heart disease in the general population. The mecha...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1054/mehy.2000.1209
更新日期：2001-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Hypertensive left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) is a maladaptive response to chronic pressure overload and a strong independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Regression of LVH is associated with improved prognosis. Regression of LVH with antihypertensive therapy (angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, ang...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.mehy.2015.12.016
更新日期：2016-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The various neurotransmitter systems postulated to be involved in the pathogenesis of Gilles de la Tourette syndrome(GTS) are described with special reference to the endogenous opioid system(EOS). Malfunction of the opioid system is proposed as the underlying disturbance in this disease causing secondary dysfunction o...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0306-9877(86)90112-x
更新日期：1986-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Chronic adult periodontitis (CAP) is a common disease of the supporting tissues of teeth, and is a major cause of tooth loss. This disease is distinguished from more rare rapidly progressing forms of periodontitis, in which a variety of neutrophilic polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) defects have been identified. PMN d...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0306-9877(91)90008-m
更新日期：1991-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:There is growing dissatisfaction regarding the available diagnostic systems for psychiatric disorders (DSM, ICD). Psychiatrists acknowledge that though mental disease reflects brain disorders, the descriptive and symptom based nature of psychiatric diagnosis bears no relation to brain functions. According to Helmut's ...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.mehy.2004.02.010
更新日期：2004-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.mehy.2005.08.045
更新日期：2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:HIV may induce subclinical neuroendocrine dysfunctions in some seropositive patients and these dysfunctions may be one of the co-factors that determine the pathogenesis of AIDS. ...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0306-9877(88)90090-4
更新日期：1988-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:It is proposed that there is biological regulation of the low molecular weight antioxidant (LMWA) status of the body, and that these different antioxidants work in concert and in homeostasis as a system analogous to the regulation of acid-base status (pH). The theoretical design characteristics for such a system inclu...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1054/mehy.1998.0786
更新日期：1999-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cocaine is one of the principal drugs of abuse. Although impressive advances have been made, unanswered questions remain concerning mechanism of toxicity and addiction. Discussion of action mode usually centers on receptor binding and enzyme inhibition, with limited attention to events at the molecular level. This rev...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.mehy.2004.06.028
更新日期：2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Dream periods during sleep have been observed in most mammals as early in history as antiquity. Sleep researchers at the University of Chicago, discovered the phase of rapid eye movement (REM) during sleep and connected it to the dream period. During this period, called the REM phase (after the American terminology), ...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.mehy.2019.03.027
更新日期：2019-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Periodontal disease is a chronic multifactorial infectious and inflammatory disease associated with several chronic systemic diseases, such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases (CVD), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, hypertension, Alzheimer's disease and so on. These same systemic diseases have been associated w...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.mehy.2020.110276
更新日期：2020-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The interstitial space (ISS) can be thought of as an organ of translocation. Defined in this way the concentration of any substance in the ISS is equal to the ratio of an input to a clearance function. When substances accumulate, there is a disturbance of one or both functions. The three phase anatomy of the ISS give ...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0306-9877(80)90040-7
更新日期：1980-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Dental tissues contains stem cells or progenitors that have high proliferative capacity, are clonogenic in vitro and demonstrate the ability to differentiate to multiple type cells involving neurons, bone, cartilage, fat and smooth muscle. Numerous experiments have demonstrated that the multipotent stem cells are not ...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.mehy.2013.07.032
更新日期：2013-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Sepsis is a life-threatening disease requiring rapid diagnosis and treatment. Steroid hormones (e.g., estradiol, dehydroepiandosterone) have been suggested to reduce the hyper-inflammatory response of the immune system and to improve outcome in sepsis. We hypothesize that the impact of steroid hormones on the metaboli...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.mehy.2012.05.025
更新日期：2012-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Over a decade ago, I formulated the hypothesis that cumulative effects of exposure to high intracranial pressure (ICP) may contribute to the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD), though not necessarily in an exclusive way. In addition to individual ICP characteristics (high 'physiological' ICP) and diseases causing...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.mehy.2004.01.013
更新日期：2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Whether retroviral integration is a phenomenon specific to properties of the surrounding genomic region is a widely debated question. In this paper we attempt to enlight the involvement of genomic regions prone to DNA double strand breaks in such process, as well as the more general concept of genome plasticity concer...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0306-9877(02)00410-3
更新日期：2003-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Organisms release their antigens into the environment. Some antigens are volatile and may pass into the blood of other organisms during respiration. Fetal antigens enter the mother's bloodstream through the placenta. Foreign antigens in the blood can cause various chemical changes and may initiate an immune reaction. ...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0306-9877(95)90211-2
更新日期：1995-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Unstable (CAG)n trinucleotide repeat microsatellites are hypothesized to cause schizophrenia. The (CAG)n microsatellite of dominant spinal cerebellar ataxia type 1 (SCA1) is a candidate schizophrenia gene. Autism results from expansions of (CGG)n and (GAA)n trinucleotide repeat stretches at fragile X syndrome (FRAXA),...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0306-9877(98)90080-9
更新日期：1998-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Interleukin (IL)-1, an established mediator of inflammation, is also a mediator of ovulation (a cyclic inflammatory-like process). We have shown that IL-1 beta induces the in vitro expression of genes believed to play important role in ovulation (IL-1 beta itself, its receptors, IL-1 beta receptor antagonist, glucose ...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1054/mehy.2001.1389
更新日期：2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Physical inactivity and a low maximal aerobic capacity (VO2max) strongly predict morbidity and mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Patients with T2D have a reduced VO2max when compared with healthy individuals of similar age, weight, and physical activity levels, and this lower aerobic capacity is usuall...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.mehy.2017.01.010
更新日期：2017-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:There have been increasing numbers of reports that anti-osteoporosis drugs cause osteonecrosis. A typical example is medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaws (MRONJ) which can cause massive necrosis and defects of the jaws. Thus, the dosage and effects of anti-osteoporosis drugs should be re-examined. Our hypothes...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.mehy.2019.109427
更新日期：2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:So-called 'limited life span' of diploid cells does not depend on their unresponsiveness to growth factors from the data obtained by complete protein-free culture of tumor cells. Limited proliferation (called limited life span) of diploid cells is one of the 'ad-hoc' negative regulatory mechanisms in animals, and can ...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0306-9877(93)90090-d
更新日期：1993-10-01 00:00:00
