Abstract：
BACKGROUND:The importance of an infant's intra-oral vacuum in milk removal from the breast has been established. However, the relationship between the vacuum curve and milk transfer is not well understood. AIMS:To investigate the parameters of the infant suck cycle in relation to the volume of milk removed from the breast. STUDY DESIGN:Cross-sectional study to elucidate the role of infant intra-oral vacuum in efficient milk removal from the breast. SUBJECTS:Nineteen fully breastfed term infants. METHODS:Intra-oral vacuum was recorded during monitored breastfeeds using a pressure transducer. Ultrasound imaging (milk flow) and respiratory inductive plethysmography (swallowing) were used to determine the nutritive sucking (NS) portion of the feed. Milk intake was determined by weighing infants before and after feeds. Vacuum traces of the first and next 2min of NS from the first breast were analysed. RESULTS:The volumes of milk removed during both NS periods were negatively associated with peak vacuum (p<0.001) and rate of vacuum application (p<0.001), and positively related to area under first half of the suck cycle (p<0.001). Most parameters changed significantly from the first 2min of NS to the next 2min including significant reduction in peak vacuum and area under first half of the suck cycle. CONCLUSION:These results further support the role of intra-oral vacuum, specifically optimal peak vacuum, in effective and efficient milk removal during breastfeeding. It also appears that infants modify their sucking dynamics to adapt to changes in milk flow during milk ejection as the breast empties.
journal_name
Early Hum Devjournal_title
Early human developmentauthors
Cannon AM,Sakalidis VS,Lai CT,Perrella SL,Geddes DTdoi
10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2016.02.003subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2016-05-01 00:00:00pages
1-6eissn
0378-3782issn
1872-6232pii
S0378-3782(15)30158-4journal_volume
96pub_type
杂志文章abstract：AIMS:Mastitis in lactating mothers reduces milk production and alters the cellular composition of milk. Changes occurring in the mammary gland during the inflammatory response are believed to increase the permeability of the blood-milk barrier. This study examined the effect of mastitis during lactation on the macronut...
journal_title：Early human development
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2016.03.009
更新日期：2016-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Preterm infants have immature skin, which contributes to skin problems. Very little is known about postnatal changes in the skin, despite the clinical importance of this issue. AIM:To assess temporal changes in skin water content in preterm infants. STUDY DESIGN:A prospective observational study. SUBJECTS...
journal_title：Early human development
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2015.05.009
更新日期：2015-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Controversy exists regarding association of high levels of proinflammatory cytokines, neonatal morbidities and poor neurodevelopment outcome in very low birth weight infants. OBJECTIVE:To determine association between severity of early inflammatory response and neurodevelopment outcome in high risk very low...
journal_title：Early human development
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2011.03.009
更新日期：2011-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The reactions of heart rate (HR), systolic (sBP) and diastolic (dBP) blood pressure were studied in response to passive head-up tilting (successively to +45 degrees and +90 degrees) in a group of 83 full-term, 1- to 7-day-old newborns who were quiet and awake. A significant mean increase of HR was noted for the whole ...
journal_title：Early human development
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0378-3782(95)01706-2
更新日期：1996-03-22 00:00:00
abstract：:Pregnancy is characterized by physiological, endocrine and metabolic adaptations creating a pseudo-diabetogenic state of progressive insulin resistance. These adaptations occur to sustain continuous fetal requirements for nutrients and oxygen. Insulin resistance develops at the level of the skeletal muscle, and matern...
journal_title：Early human development
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2016.01.008
更新日期：2016-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:According to animal studies myoinositol decreases surfactant phosphatidylglycerol and increases phosphatidylinositol. In the present study lung effluent phospholipids and serum myoinositol were analyzed in respiratory distress syndrome (RDS, 19 cases), in other lung disease (6 cases) and in 22 newborn with no lung dis...
journal_title：Early human development
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0378-3782(85)90055-6
更新日期：1985-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Maternal smoking during pregnancy is associated with short-term and also long-term harmful effects on offspring. OBJECTIVE:The aim of this study is to evaluate the associations of maternal smoking during pregnancy with offspring bone health at 18years old, and the role of birth weight and contemporaneous he...
journal_title：Early human development
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2014.08.024
更新日期：2014-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Cases suggestive of non-acidemia related cerebral palsy (CP) are likely misdiagnosed as acidemia related CP because of the presence of nonreasuring fetal heart rate (FHR) patterns. AIMS:Our purpose was to compare intrapartum FHR patterns between the cases of neurological damage and the cases without disabil...
journal_title：Early human development
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2008.10.007
更新日期：2009-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Comparisons of the components of ventilator waveform were made in two groups of preterm infants ventilated for the respiratory distress syndrome. Infants actively expiring against positive pressure inflation were compared to infants not showing this interaction. The actively expiring infants were ventilated with a hig...
journal_title：Early human development
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0378-3782(88)80051-3
更新日期：1988-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The objective of this work was to examine the changes in the fatty acid profiles of plasma lipid fractions and red blood cell membrane phospholipids in newborn infants during the first 6-8 h of life. Methyl esters of fatty acids from plasma free fatty acids and phospholipids and from membrane phosphatidylethanolamine,...
journal_title：Early human development
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0378-3782(87)90041-7
更新日期：1987-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:28 polygraphic recordings were made in normal infants: 20 in full-term newborns and 8 in 2- to 10-wk-old babies. In full-term newborns sighs and apneas (greater than 5 sec) were significantly more numerous in active (REM) sleep, while startles prevailed in quiet (NREM) sleep. The incidence of all these events diminish...
journal_title：Early human development
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0378-3782(78)90051-8
更新日期：1978-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) monitoring is a new challenge for clinicians who deal with early detection of dangerous hypoperfusion in the brain, as well as in splanchnic and renal districts in critically ill preterm infants. Previous studies performed on infants and children with congenital heart disease, demonst...
journal_title：Early human development
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/S0378-3782(13)70014-8
更新日期：2013-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To assess the influence of mother-child interaction on children's cognitive development in a group of children prenatally exposed to methadone or buprenorphine. STUDY DESIGN:The study is part of a prospective longitudinal project investigating the development of children born to women in opioid maintenance t...
journal_title：Early human development
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2016.08.013
更新日期：2016-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Adrenocortical response to stress in neonates was assessed by estimating salivary concentrations of cortisol, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate (DHEA-S). Behavioral responses to stress were also scored clinically, according to the method of Lewis and Thomas [15]. The modulation of these ...
journal_title：Early human development
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0378-3782(96)01749-5
更新日期：1996-09-20 00:00:00
abstract：:The aim of this study was to determine whether corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) regulates human trophoblast cell growth. The results showed that exogenous CRH significantly stimulated human trophoblast proliferation in first-trimester primary cultures. In vivo, CRH was strongly immunolocalised to cytotrophoblasti...
journal_title：Early human development
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2004.04.010
更新日期：2004-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Screening preschool children for potential school problems may allow early intervention. Children beginning first grade (N=980) were tested with Denver II. All with normal/questionable results had satisfactory school performance while 26% of those with abnormal Denver II had low school scores. 43%, 27% and 0% of child...
journal_title：Early human development
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2006.12.001
更新日期：2007-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This century has seen marked improvement in perinatal outcomes but prematurity remains a problem the world over. To improve these results requires more attention to early pregnancy or even pre-pregnancy care. Control of pre-existing conditions, improved social behavior in nutrition, smoking cessation and other factors...
journal_title：Early human development
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0378-3782(92)90064-n
更新日期：1992-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Prior studies have shown that children with congenital hearing loss have increased rates of behavior disorders. Child hearing loss has also been reported to be associated with increased maternal stress. Little is known about the behavior or the predictors of behavioral outcomes of children with hearing loss ...
journal_title：Early human development
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2011.06.006
更新日期：2011-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To determine whether proportionate or disproportionate foetal smallness at 17 to 19 weeks of gestation in low-risk pregnancies was associated with size, body constitution, and adverse outcome at birth. METHODS:We included ultrasound measurements at 17-19 weeks of gestation in 7285 uncomplicated pregnancies w...
journal_title：Early human development
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2006.01.010
更新日期：2006-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：AIM:The effects of intestinal bifidobacteria on the development of immunity in early life were explored. METHODS:Neonatal SD rats born and housed under strict barrier systems were fed from birth with sufficient antibiotics (bifidobacteria minimisation group) or supplemented daily with 1x10(10) colony-forming units of ...
journal_title：Early human development
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2010.01.002
更新日期：2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This year is the 20th anniversary of the first successful trial of exogenous surfactant for respiratory distress syndrome in the newborn and it is perhaps a good time to review recent advances in basic science and clinical practice as they relate to surfactant therapy. ...
journal_title：Early human development
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0378-3782(00)00122-5
更新日期：2001-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cardiorespiratory interactions in healthy full term newborns were investigated. Spectral analysis was used on heart rate and breathing data from 22 neonates 2-5 days old to reveal coincident frequencies in the breathing and heart rate variability (HRV) spectra, thus identifying respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA). The ...
journal_title：Early human development
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0378-3782(93)90197-3
更新日期：1993-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Children born preterm are known to be at risk for neurodevelopmental disorders. The role of perinatal asphyxia in this increased risk is still a matter of debate. AIM:To analyze the contribution of perinatal asphyxia in a population of preterm infants admitted to a secondary paediatric setting to neurologic...
journal_title：Early human development
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2010.06.003
更新日期：2010-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cranial ultrasound is the most available and easily repeatable technique for imaging the neonatal brain. Its quality and diagnostic accuracy depend on various factors; the suitability of the ultrasound machine for neonatal cranial work, the use of optimal settings and probes, appropriate scanning protocols, the use of...
journal_title：Early human development
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2006.09.018
更新日期：2006-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cardiovascular malformations are frequently associated in patients with esophageal atresia (EA). We observed azygos continuation mimicking an aortic arch anomaly in four newborns with type III EA. They presented concomitant rib anomalies indicating a common developmental defect. Foreknowledge is important for planning...
journal_title：Early human development
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2017.05.007
更新日期：2017-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：AIM:The benefit of anti-reflux surgery for gastro-oesophageal reflux (GOR) in early infancy is uncertain. The aim of this study was to assess the value of Nissen fundoplication in a group of infants with severe GOR. METHODS:10 infants underwent Nissen fundoplication for gastro-oesophageal reflux following a failure of...
journal_title：Early human development
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2003.09.002
更新日期：2003-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To assess the applicability of Drotar model when the diagnosis of congenital malformation is made antenatally. METHODS:In a 3-year period (2000-2003) fifty mothers, counselled for fetal malformations amenable to surgical correction at birth, were interviewed. Statistical associations were sought between each...
journal_title：Early human development
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2005.12.010
更新日期：2006-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:A short course of moderately early dexamethasone therapy with a starting dose of 0.5 mg/kg/day improves lung compliance and shortens the duration of ventilatory support in preterm infants with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). We conducted a double-blind, randomized study to evaluate whether a moderately e...
journal_title：Early human development
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1016/s0378-3782(03)00082-3
更新日期：2003-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Magnetic Resonance Imaging is becoming more widely available and increasingly important for imaging the neonatal brain. In newborn infants it poses challenges regarding patient preparation, safety, optimal timing, and sequence optimization. These issues are addressed in this paper and indications for performing neonat...
journal_title：Early human development
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2008.11.009
更新日期：2009-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Preterm children are at risk for executive function (EF) problems, which have been linked to behavior and learning problems in full term children. In this study, we examine the relationship between EF and functional outcomes in preterm children. AIM:To evaluate (1) EF skills of 9- to 16-year-old children bo...
journal_title：Early human development
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,多中心研究
doi：10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2011.07.018
更新日期：2012-02-01 00:00:00
