National Strength and Conditioning Association Position Statement on Long-Term Athletic Development.

Abstract:

:There has recently been a growing interest in long-term athletic development for youth. Because of their unique physical, psychological, and social differences, children and adolescents should engage in appropriately prescribed exercise programs that promote physical development to prevent injury and enhance fitness behaviors that can be retained later in life. Irrespective of whether a child is involved in organized sport or engages in recreational physical activity, there remains a need to adopt a structured, logical, and evidence-based approach to the long-term development of athleticism. This is of particular importance considering the alarmingly high number of youth who fail to meet global physical activity recommendations and consequently present with negative health profiles. However, appropriate exercise prescription is also crucial for those young athletes who are physically underprepared and at risk of overuse injury because of high volumes of competition and an absence of preparatory conditioning. Whether the child accumulates insufficient or excessive amounts of exercise, or falls somewhere between these opposing ends of the spectrum, it is generally accepted that the young bodies of modern day youth are often ill-prepared to tolerate the rigors of sports or physical activity. All youth should engage in regular physical activity and thus should be viewed as "athletes" and afforded the opportunity to enhance athleticism in an individualized, holistic, and child-centered manner. Because of emerging interest in long-term athletic development, an authorship team was tasked on behalf of the National Strength and Conditioning Association (NSCA) to critically synthesize existing literature and current practices within the field and to compose a relevant position statement. This document was subsequently reviewed and formally ratified by the NSCA Board of Directors. A list of 10 pillars of successful long-term athletic development are presented, which summarize the key recommendations detailed within the position statement. With these pillars in place, it is believed that the NSCA can (a) help foster a more unified and holistic approach to long-term athletic development, (b) promote the benefits of a lifetime of healthy physical activity, and

journal_name

J Strength Cond Res

authors

Lloyd RS,Cronin JB,Faigenbaum AD,Haff GG,Howard R,Kraemer WJ,Micheli LJ,Myer GD,Oliver JL

doi

10.1519/JSC.0000000000001387

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2016-06-01 00:00:00

pages

1491-509

issue

6

eissn

1064-8011

issn

1533-4287

journal_volume

30

pub_type

杂志文章
  • Effects of Different Resistance Training Loads on the Muscle Quality Index in Older Women.

    abstract::Ribeiro, AS, Picoloto, A, Nunes, JP, Bezerra, ES, Schoenfeld, BJ, and Cyrino, ES. Effects of different resistance training loads on the muscle quality index in older women. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000-000, 2020-The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of resistance training (RT) performed using low ...

    journal_title:Journal of strength and conditioning research

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1519/JSC.0000000000003667

    authors: Ribeiro AS,Picoloto A,Nunes JP,Bezerra ES,Schoenfeld BJ,Cyrino ES

    更新日期:2020-06-17 00:00:00

  • Ponderal somatogram analysis of girth measurements by position in division III college football players.

    abstract::Ponderal somatograms assessed body composition in four groups of Division III collegiate football players: offensive line (OL), defensive line (DL), offensive backs (OB), and defensive backs (DB). Ponderal somatograms evaluate body size and shape by converting muscular (shoulders, chest, biceps, forearm, thigh, and ca...

    journal_title:Journal of strength and conditioning research

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181a2f156

    authors: Stuempfle KJ,Drury DG,Petrie DF,Katch FI

    更新日期:2009-05-01 00:00:00

  • Five-Kilometer Time Trial Reliability of a Nonmotorized Treadmill and Comparison of Physiological and Perceptual Responses vs. a Motorized Treadmill.

    abstract::Waldman, HS, Heatherly, AJ, Waddell, AF, Krings, BM, and O'Neal, EK. Five-kilometer time trial reliability of a nonmotorized treadmill and comparison of physiological and perceptual responses vs. a motorized treadmill. J Strength Cond Res 32(5): 1455-1461, 2018-This study examined the reliability of running performanc...

    journal_title:Journal of strength and conditioning research

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1519/JSC.0000000000001993

    authors: Waldman HS,Heatherly AJ,Waddell AF,Krings BM,OʼNeal EK

    更新日期:2018-05-01 00:00:00

  • Heat Shock Protein 27 Response to Wrestling Training in Relation to the Muscle Damage and Inflammation.

    abstract::Zembron-Lacny, A, Ziemann, E, Zurek, P, and Hübner-Wozniak, E. Heat shock protein 27 response to wrestling training in relation to the muscle damage and inflammation. J Strength Cond Res 31(5): 1221-1228, 2017-One of the unique features of an exercise is that it leads to a simultaneous increase of antagonistic mediato...

    journal_title:Journal of strength and conditioning research

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1519/JSC.0000000000001236

    authors: Zembron-Lacny A,Ziemann E,Zurek P,Hübner-Wozniak E

    更新日期:2017-05-01 00:00:00

  • Intermittent but Not Continuous Static Stretching Improves Subsequent Vertical Jump Performance in Flexibility-Trained Athletes.

    abstract::Bogdanis, GC, Donti, O, Tsolakis, C, Smilios, I, and Bishop, DJ. Intermittent but not continuous static stretching improves subsequent vertical jump performance in flexibility-trained athletes. J Strength Cond Res 33(1): 203-210, 2019-This study examined changes in countermovement jump (CMJ) height after an intermitte...

    journal_title:Journal of strength and conditioning research

    pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验

    doi:10.1519/JSC.0000000000001870

    authors: Bogdanis GC,Donti O,Tsolakis C,Smilios I,Bishop DJ

    更新日期:2019-01-01 00:00:00

  • Effect of External Loading on Force and Power Production During Plyometric Push-ups.

    abstract::Hinshaw, TJ, Stephenson, ML, Sha, Z, and Dai, B. Effect of external loading on force and power production during plyometric push-ups. J Strength Cond Res 32(4): 1099-1108, 2018-One common exercise to train upper-body strength and power is the push-up. Training at the loads that would produce the greatest power is an e...

    journal_title:Journal of strength and conditioning research

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1519/JSC.0000000000001953

    authors: Hinshaw TJ,Stephenson ML,Sha Z,Dai B

    更新日期:2018-04-01 00:00:00

  • Stretching has no effect on tennis serve performance.

    abstract::Stretching prior to vigorous physical activity has been shown to decrease high-force muscular performance, but little is known about the effect of stretching on speed and accuracy movements. Serving percentage and radar measurements of ball speed were studied to examine the acute effect of stretching on tennis serve p...

    journal_title:Journal of strength and conditioning research

    pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章

    doi:10.1519/13553.1

    authors: Knudson DV,Noffal GJ,Bahamonde RE,Bauer JA,Blackwell JR

    更新日期:2004-08-01 00:00:00

  • Salivary hormone response to 12-week block-periodized training in naval special warfare operators.

    abstract::Naval Special Warfare (NSW) Operators are expected to maintain a high degree of physical readiness requiring continual operational training. The physiological and psychological demands associated with operational training can result in physiological consequences evidenced by hormonal alterations justifying the need fo...

    journal_title:Journal of strength and conditioning research

    pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章

    doi:10.1519/JSC.0000000000000628

    authors: Oliver JM,Abt JP,Sell TC,Beals K,Wood DE,Lephart SM

    更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00

  • Salivary hormonal values from high-speed resistive exercise workouts.

    abstract::Our study purpose examined salivary hormonal responses to high-speed resistive exercise. Healthy subjects (n = 45) performed 2 elbow flexor workouts on a novel (inertial kinetic exercise; Oconomowoc, WI, USA) strength training device. Our methods included saliva sample collection at both preexercise and immediately po...

    journal_title:Journal of strength and conditioning research

    pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章

    doi:10.1519/JSC.0b013e31822c7267

    authors: Caruso JF,Lutz BM,Davidson ME,Wilson K,Crane CS,Craig CE,Nissen TE,Mason ML,Coday MA,Sheaff RJ,Potter WT

    更新日期:2012-03-01 00:00:00

  • Kinetic and kinematic associations between vertical jump performance and 10-m sprint time.

    abstract::Implementing objective methods to assess physical performance has become an invaluable component of athlete or player development, monitoring, and talent identification in distinct sports. Many sports depend heavily upon muscular strength, muscle power output, and sprint performance, especially at competition level. T...

    journal_title:Journal of strength and conditioning research

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1519/JSC.0000000000000390

    authors: Marques MC,Izquierdo M

    更新日期:2014-08-01 00:00:00

  • Mechanical properties of weightlifting bars.

    abstract::Weightlifting training and competition involves lifting a revolving shaft bar loaded with weights. The design of a bar and the location of the weights result in bar deformation during lifting tasks. Because there are many manufacturers of weightlifting bars, the actual deformation of a bar may vary, depending on the s...

    journal_title:Journal of strength and conditioning research

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181ecd359

    authors: Chiu LZ

    更新日期:2010-09-01 00:00:00

  • Comparison of the Effects of Eccentric, Concentric, and Eccentric-Concentric Isotonic Resistance Training at Two Velocities on Strength and Muscle Hypertrophy.

    abstract::Ünlü, G, Çevikol, C, and Melekoğlu, T. Comparison of the effects of eccentric, concentric, and eccentric-concentric isotonic resistance training at two velocities on strength and muscle hypertrophy. J Strength Cond Res 34(2): 337-344, 2020-The aim of this study was to compare the effects of concentric, eccentric, and ...

    journal_title:Journal of strength and conditioning research

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1519/JSC.0000000000003086

    authors: Ünlü G,Çevikol C,Melekoğlu T

    更新日期:2020-02-01 00:00:00

  • Is it the athlete or the equipment? An analysis of the top swim performances from 1990 to 2010.

    abstract::O'Connor, LM and Vozenilek, JA. Is it the athlete or the equipment? An analysis of the top swim performances from 1990 to 2010. J Strength Cond Res 25(12): 3239-3241, 2011-Forty-three world record swims were recorded at the 2009 Fédération Internationale de Natation (FINA) World Championship meet in Rome. Of the 20 FI...

    journal_title:Journal of strength and conditioning research

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1519/JSC.0b013e3182392c5f

    authors: O'connor LM,Vozenilek JA

    更新日期:2011-12-01 00:00:00

  • Neuromuscular electrical stimulation can elicit aerobic exercise response without undue discomfort in healthy physically active adults.

    abstract::Recent studies have suggested that subtetanic neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) protocols applied to the quadriceps and hamstrings may have potential as an alternative aerobic exercise modality. However, its tolerability and effectiveness in the physically active population has been questioned. The primary p...

    journal_title:Journal of strength and conditioning research

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1519/JSC.0b013e318252f5e5

    authors: Crognale D,Vito GD,Grosset JF,Crowe L,Minogue C,Caulfield B

    更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00

  • A Comparison of Catch Phase Force-Time Characteristics During Clean Derivatives From the Knee.

    abstract::Comfort, P, Williams, R, Suchomel, TJ, and Lake, JP. A comparison of catch phase force-time characteristics during clean derivatives from the knee. J Strength Cond Res 31(7): 1911-1918, 2017-The aim of this study was to compare load-absorption force-time characteristics of the clean from the knee (CK), power clean fro...

    journal_title:Journal of strength and conditioning research

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1519/JSC.0000000000001660

    authors: Comfort P,Williams R,Suchomel TJ,Lake JP

    更新日期:2017-07-01 00:00:00

  • Importance, Reliability, and Usefulness of Acceleration Measures in Team Sports.

    abstract::Delaney, JA, Cummins, CJ, Thornton, HR, and Duthie, GM. Importance, reliability and usefulness of acceleration measures in team sports. J Strength Cond Res 32(12): 3494-3502, 2018-The ability to accelerate, decelerate, and change direction efficiently is imperative to successful team sports performance. Traditional in...

    journal_title:Journal of strength and conditioning research

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1519/JSC.0000000000001849

    authors: Delaney JA,Cummins CJ,Thornton HR,Duthie GM

    更新日期:2018-12-01 00:00:00

  • Comparison of Body Composition Variables Across a Large Sample of National Collegiate Athletic Association Women Athletes From 6 Competitive Sports.

    abstract::Fields, JB, Metoyer, CJ, Casey, JC, Esco, MR, Jagim, AR, and Jones, MT. Comparison of body composition variables across a large sample of National Collegiate Athletic Association women athletes from 6 competitive sports. J Strength Cond Res 32(9): 2452-2457, 2018-Body composition (BC) plays a critical role in sport pe...

    journal_title:Journal of strength and conditioning research

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1519/JSC.0000000000002234

    authors: Fields JB,Metoyer CJ,Casey JC,Esco MR,Jagim AR,Jones MT

    更新日期:2018-09-01 00:00:00

  • The Increased Effectiveness of Resistance Training on Unstable vs. Stable Surfaces on Selected Measures of Physical Performance in Young Male Soccer Players.

    abstract::Sanchez-Sanchez, J, Raya-González, J, Ramirez-Campillo, R, Chaabene, H, Petisco, C, and Nakamura, FY. The increased effectiveness of resistance training on unstable vs. stable surfaces on selected measures of physical performance in young male soccer players. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000-000, 2020-To examine the eff...

    journal_title:Journal of strength and conditioning research

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1519/JSC.0000000000003590

    authors: Sanchez-Sanchez J,Raya-González J,Ramirez-Campillo R,Chaabene H,Petisco C,Nakamura FY

    更新日期:2020-05-13 00:00:00

  • Effect of warm-up and flexibility treatments on vertical jump performance.

    abstract::Although different warm-up and flexibility routines are often prescribed before physical activity, little research has been conducted to determine what effects these routines have on athletic performance in activities. The purpose of this investigation was to determine to what degree different warm-up routines affect ...

    journal_title:Journal of strength and conditioning research

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:

    authors: Church JB,Wiggins MS,Moode FM,Crist R

    更新日期:2001-08-01 00:00:00

  • Knee extensor torque and perceived discomfort during symmetrical biphasic electromyostimulation.

    abstract::The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of simultaneously delivering 2 channels of electromyostimulation (EMS) current using 2 different electrode arrangements. Ten men and 10 women university students had 4 reusable electrodes placed (2 proximal, 2 distal) medial and lateral on the quadriceps muscle grou...

    journal_title:Journal of strength and conditioning research

    pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章

    doi:

    authors: Bergman BC,Martin DT,Wilkinson JG

    更新日期:2001-02-01 00:00:00

  • Vastus lateralis muscle cross-sectional area ultrasonography validity for image fitting in humans.

    abstract::The present study aimed to determine the concurrent validity of ultrasound (US) measurement of the vastus lateralis muscle (VL) cross-sectional area (CSA) having magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as the gold standard measurement, in a heterogeneous sample of participants. Thirty-one individuals (52.44 ± 16.37 years; 1....

    journal_title:Journal of strength and conditioning research

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1519/JSC.0000000000000532

    authors: Lixandrão ME,Ugrinowitsch C,Bottaro M,Chacon-Mikahil MP,Cavaglieri CR,Min LL,de Souza EO,Laurentino GC,Libardi CA

    更新日期:2014-11-01 00:00:00

  • The effects of a commercially available warm-up program on landing mechanics in female youth soccer players.

    abstract::The purpose of this study was to examine lower extremity kinematics following implementation of the Sportsmetrics Warm-Up for Injury Prevention and Performance (WIPP) training program. The hypothesis was that there would be no difference in landing mechanics between 2 groups of female youth soccer players (9-11 years ...

    journal_title:Journal of strength and conditioning research

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1519/R-17585.1

    authors: Grandstrand SL,Pfeiffer RP,Sabick MB,DeBeliso M,Shea KG

    更新日期:2006-05-01 00:00:00

  • Differences in Physical Performance According to the Competitive Level in Amateur Handball Players.

    abstract::Estibaliz, R, Fabio, N, Rodrigo, RC, Daniel, C, Josune, RN, and Javier Y. Differences in physical performance according to the competitive level in amateur handball players. J Strength Cond Res 34(7): 2048-2054, 2020-The aim of this study was to compare physical performance in amateur handball players of 2 different c...

    journal_title:Journal of strength and conditioning research

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1519/JSC.0000000000002533

    authors: Romaratezabala E,Nakamura F,Ramirez-Campillo R,Castillo D,Rodríguez-Negro J,Yanci J

    更新日期:2020-07-01 00:00:00

  • Effect of Whole-Body Vibration on Neuromuscular Activation of Leg Muscles During Dynamic Exercises in Individuals With Stroke.

    abstract::Liao, L-R, and Pang, MYC. Effect of whole-body vibration on neuromuscular activation of leg muscles during dynamic exercises in individuals with stroke. J Strength Cond Res 31(7): 1954-1962, 2017-This study examined the leg muscle activity during exposure to different whole-body vibration (WBV) intensities while perfo...

    journal_title:Journal of strength and conditioning research

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1519/JSC.0000000000001761

    authors: Liao LR,Pang MYC

    更新日期:2017-07-01 00:00:00

  • Effect of Vitamin D Supplementation on Training Adaptation in Well-Trained Soccer Players.

    abstract::Jastrzębska, M, Kaczmarczyk, M, and Jastrzębski, Z. Effect of vitamin D supplementation on training adaptation in well-trained soccer players. J Strength Cond Res 30(9): 2648-2655, 2016-There is growing body of evidence implying that vitamin D may be associated with athletic performance, however, studies examining the...

    journal_title:Journal of strength and conditioning research

    pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验

    doi:10.1519/JSC.0000000000001337

    authors: Jastrzębska M,Kaczmarczyk M,Jastrzębski Z

    更新日期:2016-09-01 00:00:00

  • The Kansas Squat Test: A Valid and Practical Measure of Anaerobic Power for Track and Field Power Athletes.

    abstract::The Kansas squat test (KST) is a repetitive lifting test designed to measure relatively similar indices of lower-body power as the Wingate anaerobic test (WAnT). The purposes of this study were twofold: determine concurrent validity of the KST using the WAnT as the criterion measure and also demonstrate the KST as a p...

    journal_title:Journal of strength and conditioning research

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1519/JSC.0000000000000929

    authors: Luebbers PE,Fry AC

    更新日期:2015-10-01 00:00:00

  • Physical demands, injuries, and conditioning practices of stock car drivers.

    abstract::The purpose of this study was to assess the physical demands, injuries, and conditioning practices of stock car drivers. Forty stock car drivers from 27 states in the United States participated in the interviews for 43.9 ± 13.9 minutes. The interviews examined background information, the physical demands of racing, in...

    journal_title:Journal of strength and conditioning research

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1519/JSC.0b013e31822d5306

    authors: Ebben WP,Suchomel TJ

    更新日期:2012-05-01 00:00:00

  • Physical Training, Fitness, and Injuries: Lessons Learned From Military Studies.

    abstract::Injuries are the leading cause of medical encounters across the U.S. military services resulting in more than 2.0 million clinic visits per year. Almost 50% of military service members experience an injury each year and half of those injuries are caused by physical training (PT), exercise, or sports. To prevent a prob...

    journal_title:Journal of strength and conditioning research

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1519/JSC.0000000000001115

    authors: Jones BH,Hauschild VD

    更新日期:2015-11-01 00:00:00

  • Electromyographic activity and 6RM strength in bench press on stable and unstable surfaces.

    abstract::The purpose of the study was to compare 6-repetition maximum (6RM) loads and muscle activity in bench press on 3 surfaces, namely, stable bench, balance cushion, and Swiss ball. Sixteen healthy, resistance-trained men (age 22.5 ± 2.0 years, stature 1.82 ± 6.6 m, and body mass 82.0 ± 7.8 kg) volunteered for 3 habituati...

    journal_title:Journal of strength and conditioning research

    pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验

    doi:10.1519/JSC.0b013e3182606d3d

    authors: Saeterbakken AH,Fimland MS

    更新日期:2013-04-01 00:00:00

  • Effect of magnesium lactate dihydrate and calcium lactate monohydrate on 20-km cycling time trial performance.

    abstract::Manufacturers of supplements containing magnesium lactate dihydrate and calcium lactate monohydrate claim improved athletic performance. Although energy can be produced through the lactate shuttle system, there is limited evidence to suggest that substantial quantities are available for human movement during exercise....

    journal_title:Journal of strength and conditioning research

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1519/JSC.0b013e31822dcd7f

    authors: Peveler WW,Palmer TG

    更新日期:2012-04-01 00:00:00