Abstract:
:Zeaxanthin is a nutritional carotenoid with a considerable amount of safety data based on regulatory studies, which form the basis of its safety evaluation. Subchronic OECD guideline studies with mice and rats receiving beadlet formulations of high purity synthetic zeaxanthin in the diet at dosages up to 1000 mg/kg body weight (bw)/day, and in dogs at over 400 mg/kg bw/day, produced no adverse effects or histopathological changes. In developmental toxicity studies, there was no evidence of fetal toxicity or teratogenicity in rats or rabbits at dosages up to 1000 or 400 mg/kg bw/day, respectively. Formulated zeaxanthin was not mutagenic or clastogenic in a series of in vitro and in vivo tests for genotoxicity. A 52-week chronic oral study in Cynomolgus monkeys at doses of 0.2 and 20 mg/kg bw/day, mainly designed to assess accumulation and effects in primate eyes, showed no adverse effects. In a rat two-generation study, the NOAEL was 150 mg/kg bw/day. In 2012, this dosage was used by EFSA (NDA Panel), in association with a 200-fold safety factor, to propose an Acceptable Daily Intake equivalent to 53 mg/day for a 70 kg adult. The requested use level of 2 mg/day was ratified by the EU Commission.
journal_name
J Ophthalmoljournal_title
Journal of ophthalmologyauthors
Edwards JAdoi
10.1155/2016/3690140subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2016-01-01 00:00:00pages
3690140eissn
2090-004Xissn
2090-0058journal_volume
2016pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract:Purpose:The purpose of this meta-analysis was to assess the percent reduction in the intraocular pressure (IOP) after argon laser peripheral iridoplasty (ALPI) and systemic medical therapy in patients with acute primary angle closure (APAC). Methods:We searched a number of electronic databases, including MEDLINE, EMBA...
journal_title:Journal of ophthalmology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1155/2019/7697416
更新日期:2019-05-02 00:00:00
abstract:Purpose:To compare the qualitative and quantitative choroidal neovascularization (CNV) changes after antivascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) therapy in treatment-naïve and treated eyes with age-related macular degeneration (AMD) using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA). Methods:Consecutive pati...
journal_title:Journal of ophthalmology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1155/2018/3751702
更新日期:2018-02-04 00:00:00
abstract::Purpose. To evaluate interobserver, intervisit, and interinstrument agreements for gonioscopy and Fourier domain anterior segment optical coherence tomography (FD ASOCT) for classifying open and narrow angle eyes. Methods. Eighty-six eyes with open or narrow anterior chamber angles were included. The superior angle wa...
journal_title:Journal of ophthalmology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1155/2016/1727039
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Objective. The purpose of this study was to examine how patient, physician, and situational factors are associated with the extent to which providers educate patients about glaucoma and glaucoma medications, and which patient and provider characteristics are associated with whether providers educate patients about gla...
journal_title:Journal of ophthalmology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1155/2014/238939
更新日期:2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Purpose. To present a series of retinal disease cases that were imaged by spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) in order to illustrate the potential and limitations of this new imaging modality. Methods. The series comprised four selected cases (one case each) of age-related macular degeneration (ARMD)...
journal_title:Journal of ophthalmology
pub_type:
doi:10.1155/2011/764183
更新日期:2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:Purpose:To evaluate the clinical classification and characteristics of hereditary optic neuropathy patients in a single center in China. Method:Retrospective case study. Patients diagnosed with hereditary optic neuropathy between January 2014 and December 2015 in the neuro-ophthalmology division in Shanghai Eye and EN...
journal_title:Journal of ophthalmology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1155/2017/6186052
更新日期:2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:Background:For so long, corneal diseases have been known as one of the leading causes to blindness in the global. This blindness might be due to failure to accept the corneal transplantation. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the prevalence and the root challenges for corneal transplantation acceptance at the Un...
journal_title:Journal of ophthalmology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1155/2019/4560649
更新日期:2019-12-13 00:00:00
abstract:Purpose:To compare the efficacy of passive drainage (PD) and repeated fluid-air (FA) exchange for removing emulsified silicone oil (SO) droplets. Methods:Twenty rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) patients who underwent primary pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) with SO tamponade were randomly and evenly divided into two...
journal_title:Journal of ophthalmology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1155/2020/8184607
更新日期:2020-07-04 00:00:00
abstract::Purpose. To evaluate the relationship between the macular ganglion cell complex (mGCC) thickness, which is the sum of the retinal nerve fiber, ganglion cell, and inner plexiform layers, measured with a spectral-domain optical coherence tomograph and the optic nerve head topography measured with a confocal scanning las...
journal_title:Journal of ophthalmology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1155/2011/914250
更新日期:2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::There is growing evidence that chronic inflammation plays a role in both the development and progression of diabetic retinopathy. There is also evidence that molecules produced as a result of hyperglycemia can activate microglia. However the exact contribution of microglia, the resident immune cells of the central ner...
journal_title:Journal of ophthalmology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1155/2014/705783
更新日期:2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Purpose. To compare the surgically induced astigmatism from clear corneal and square posterior limbal incisions at the time of cataract surgery. Methods. Surgically induced astigmatism was calculated for a set of eyes after cataract surgery using a temporal 2.2 mm square posterior limbal incision. Results were compare...
journal_title:Journal of ophthalmology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1155/2011/243170
更新日期:2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Objective. To compare macular thickness (MT) and retinal nerve fiber layers (RNFL) between women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and healthy women. Materials and Methods. The study included 45 women with PCOS and 47 ovulatory women undergoing clinical-gynecological and ophthalmic evaluations, including measureme...
journal_title:Journal of ophthalmology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1155/2015/193078
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:AIM:To discuss the clinical characteristics of immune-related dry eye. METHODS:Simple dry eye (SDE) group: we selected 224 patients of simple dry eye with no systemic lesions. Immune-related dry eye (IRDE) group: we selected 207 patients of dry eye complicated with immune system diseases, including 70 cases of Sjögren...
journal_title:Journal of ophthalmology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1155/2017/8532397
更新日期:2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:Purpose:To ascertain wet AMD (wAMD) management patterns in Spain. Methods:A two-round Delphi study conducted through a questionnaire-based survey designed from literature review and validated by an independent Steering Committee. Results:Forty-nine retina specialists experienced in wAMD participated by answering the ...
journal_title:Journal of ophthalmology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1155/2019/9821509
更新日期:2019-09-30 00:00:00
abstract:Purpose:To evaluate a new tangential map-based nomogram versus the axial map-based nomogram for ICRS in keratoconus. Methods:A prospective case series study including 64 eyes of 64 patients who underwent ICRS implantation. Cone location was determined for each eye with two maps: the axial and the tangential. Appropria...
journal_title:Journal of ophthalmology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1155/2020/3983508
更新日期:2020-02-19 00:00:00
abstract::We aimed to investigate the efficacy of frequency doubling technology (FDT) perimetry for glaucoma detection in comprehensive screening examinations. We performed a retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data of participants who underwent a comprehensive health checkup service. Participants with glaucoma we...
journal_title:Journal of ophthalmology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1155/2020/4687398
更新日期:2020-03-29 00:00:00
abstract:Purpose:To analyze the "in vitro" aberrometric pattern of a refractive IOL and two extended depth of focus IOLs. Methods:A special optical bench with a Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensor (SH) was designed for the measurement. Three presbyopia correction IOLs were analyzed: Mini WELL (MW), TECNIS Symfony ZXR00 (SYM), and ...
journal_title:Journal of ophthalmology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1155/2017/7095734
更新日期:2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:Purpose:To investigate the association between regional solar radiation and myopia occurrence in South Korean children. Materials and Methods:A population-based cross-sectional study using data of 1218 children aged 7-9 years from the Korea National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey was conducted from January ...
journal_title:Journal of ophthalmology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1155/2019/7643850
更新日期:2019-06-10 00:00:00
abstract::Traumatic macular hole (TMH) is not a rare clinical condition, especially in young population. Its prognosis is of complexity and uncertainty, with a relatively high rate of spontaneous closure in some cases. Modern vitrectomy surgery plays an important role in the treatment of TMH, although the functional outcomes ma...
journal_title:Journal of ophthalmology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1155/2017/1748135
更新日期:2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Graves' ophthalmopathy (GO) is an autoimmune inflammatory disorder associated with thyroid disease which affects ocular and orbital tissues. GO follows a biphasic course in which an initial active phase of progression is followed by a subsequent partial regression and a static inactive phase. Although the majority of ...
journal_title:Journal of ophthalmology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1155/2015/249125
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:Purpose:To identify and correlate age-related changes in outer retinal layers' thickness and choroidal thickness (CT) in the normal eyes using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) and to investigate factors affecting these changes. Study Design:Observational cross-sectional study. Subjects and Method...
journal_title:Journal of ophthalmology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1155/2019/1698967
更新日期:2019-07-31 00:00:00
abstract:Purpose:The iStent provides a direct pathway for aqueous outflow from the anterior chamber to Schlemm's canal in patients with open-angle glaucoma (OAG). We performed a meta-analysis to evaluate the effectiveness of iStent as a standalone operation in patients with OAG in reducing the intraocular pressure (IOP) and the...
journal_title:Journal of ophthalmology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1155/2020/8754730
更新日期:2020-05-24 00:00:00
abstract::Purpose. To compare the mean corneal power (Km) and total astigmatism (Ka) estimated by three methods: simulated keratometry (simK), true net power (TNP), and total corneal refractive power (TCRP) before and after femtosecond laser small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) surgery. Methods. A retrospective, cross-se...
journal_title:Journal of ophthalmology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1155/2017/9659481
更新日期:2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Purpose. To compare fluorescein angiography (FA) and optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) images of foveal avascular zone (FAZ) in patients with diabetic retinopathy (DR) with and without diabetic macular ischemia (DMI). Methods. The Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used to compare area measurements and p valu...
journal_title:Journal of ophthalmology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1155/2016/3989310
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Purpose. To evaluate the outcome of combined vitrectomy with phacoemulsification without postoperative face-down positioning for idiopathic macular holes (MHs). Design. Retrospective, observational case series. Participants. Forty-two eyes of 42 patients with MH. Methods. We studied 42 eyes of 42 cases followed up for...
journal_title:Journal of ophthalmology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1155/2012/571748
更新日期:2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Purpose. To investigate the association of birth parameters with refractive status in different age groups of Caucasian children. Materials and Methods. This cross-sectional study included 564 eyes of 282 children aged 4 to 17 years. All children underwent complete ophthalmologic examination. The children were divided...
journal_title:Journal of ophthalmology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1155/2015/635682
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Purpose. To evaluate the ability of spectral-domain optical coherence tomography to detect subtle amounts of retinal fluid when the choroidal neovascularization is detected as inactive via time-domain optical coherence tomography and clinical examination in neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) patients....
journal_title:Journal of ophthalmology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1155/2013/786107
更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:Background:To evaluate the outcome and complications of transscleral suture-fixated posterior chamber intraocular lens (PCIOL) implantation combined with Ahmed glaucoma valve (AGV) surgery in Asian eyes. Design:This was a retrospective study that included 22 eyes from 22 participants. The surgeries were performed at S...
journal_title:Journal of ophthalmology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1155/2018/9824035
更新日期:2018-03-25 00:00:00
abstract::Purpose. To investigate the local relationship between quantified global-flash multifocal electroretinogram (mfERG) optic nerve head component (ONHC) and visual field defects in patients with glaucoma. Methods. Thirty-nine patients with glaucoma and 30 normal controls were enrolled. The ONHC amplitude was measured fro...
journal_title:Journal of ophthalmology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1155/2015/397495
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Purpose. To examine the influence of positional misalignments on intraocular pressure (IOP) measurement with a rebound tonometer. Methods. Using the iCare rebound tonometer, IOP readings were taken from the right eye of 36 healthy subjects at the central corneal apex (CC) and compared to IOP measures using the Goldman...
journal_title:Journal of ophthalmology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1155/2013/791084
更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00