Abstract：
:Polyarteritis nodosa (PAN) is a systemic necrotizing vasculitis predominantly targeting medium-sized arteries. PAN is a rare form of vasculitis, and the precise frequency of this disease is difficult to determine. The major environmental factor associated with PAN is HBV infection. The pathogenesis of "idiopathic PAN" remains enigmatic, although the clinical responses to immunosuppressive therapy support the concept that immunological mechanisms play an active pathogenic role. The spectrum of disease ranges from involving a single organ to polyvisceral failure. Any organ might be affected; however, for reasons that are not understood, PAN does not affect the lungs. In addition to the systemic idiopathic form, called "idiopathic generalized PAN," there are 2 clinical variants of this disease: "cutaneous PAN" and "hepatitis B virus (HBV)-associated PAN". Diagnosis requires the integration of clinical, angiographic, and biopsy findings. The overall prognosis of this disease has been improved in recent decades, primarily reflecting early diagnosis and more effective treatments. Idiopathic generalized PAN should be treated with a combination of glucocorticoids and cyclophosphamide. The treatment of HBV-associated PAN involves a different approach, centered on the use of an antiviral agent to control the infection. The therapy for cutaneous PAN requires a less aggressive approach based on the administration of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs over short periods of time.
journal_name
Autoimmun Revjournal_title
Autoimmunity reviewsauthors
De Virgilio A,Greco A,Magliulo G,Gallo A,Ruoppolo G,Conte M,Martellucci S,de Vincentiis Mdoi
10.1016/j.autrev.2016.02.015subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2016-06-01 00:00:00pages
564-70issue
6eissn
1568-9972issn
1873-0183pii
S1568-9972(16)30041-6journal_volume
15pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：BACKGROUND:The gold standard for secondary thromboprophylaxis in APS is long term anticoagulation with vitamin K antagonists (VKAs). Because of their widespread use and potential advantages of directs oral anticoagulants (DOACs) over VKAs, they have been prescribed in APS without definitive evidence of their safety and...
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pub_type： 杂志文章,meta分析
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pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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journal_title：Autoimmunity reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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journal_title：Autoimmunity reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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journal_title：Autoimmunity reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期：2007-03-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Autoimmunity reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.autrev.2004.07.035
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journal_title：Autoimmunity reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.autrev.2016.07.031
更新日期：2016-11-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Autoimmunity reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.autrev.2004.07.006
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journal_title：Autoimmunity reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.autrev.2010.12.009
更新日期：2011-05-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Autoimmunity reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.autrev.2015.08.005
更新日期：2015-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Autoimmunity reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.autrev.2004.04.002
更新日期：2004-08-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Autoimmunity reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.autrev.2018.01.023
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journal_title：Autoimmunity reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.autrev.2010.10.003
更新日期：2011-02-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Autoimmunity reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.autrev.2018.06.014
更新日期：2019-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Autoimmunity reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.autrev.2009.11.008
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pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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journal_title：Autoimmunity reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.autrev.2018.06.006
更新日期：2018-11-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Autoimmunity reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.autrev.2014.08.024
更新日期：2014-10-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Autoimmunity reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.autrev.2013.07.007
更新日期：2014-02-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Autoimmunity reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/S1568-9972(03)00091-0
更新日期：2004-02-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Autoimmunity reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.autrev.2011.10.022
更新日期：2012-06-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Autoimmunity reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s1568-9972(02)00121-0
更新日期：2003-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Autoimmunity reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.autrev.2004.04.001
更新日期：2004-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The diagnosis of seronegative (SN-) antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) has been suggested for patients with clinical manifestations indicative of APS but with persistently negative results in the commonly used assays to detect anti-cardiolipin (aCL) antibodies, anti-β2 Glycoprotein I antibodies (aβ2GPI), and lupus antico...
journal_title：Autoimmunity reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.autrev.2011.10.017
更新日期：2012-06-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Autoimmunity reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.autrev.2014.01.014
更新日期：2014-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Autoimmune diseases are systemic or organ-specific disorders that are the result of an attack of the immune system against the body's own tissue. Development of autoimmune disease is generally avoided by distinct mechanisms that silence adaptive self-reactive T or B cells. The innate immune system is critically involv...
journal_title：Autoimmunity reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.autrev.2008.12.019
更新日期：2009-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Viral infections are involved in the pathogenesis of blood autoimmune diseases such as hemolytic anemia and thrombocytopenia. Although antigenic mimicry has been proposed as a major mechanism by which viruses could trigger the development of such diseases, it is not easy to understand how widely different viruses migh...
journal_title：Autoimmunity reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.autrev.2004.11.010
更新日期：2005-04-01 00:00:00
