Abstract:
:Laser-driven ultrafast electron emission offers the possibility of manipulation and control of coherent electron motion in ultrashort spatiotemporal scales. Here, an analytical solution is constructed for the highly nonlinear electron emission from a dc biased metal surface illuminated by a single frequency laser, by solving the time-dependent Schrödinger equation exactly. The solution is valid for arbitrary combinations of dc electric field, laser electric field, laser frequency, metal work function and Fermi level. Various emission mechanisms, such as multiphoton absorption or emission, optical or dc field emission, are all included in this single formulation. The transition between different emission processes is analyzed in detail. The time-dependent emission current reveals that intense current modulation may be possible even with a low intensity laser, by merely increasing the applied dc bias. The results provide insights into the electron pulse generation and manipulation for many novel applications based on ultrafast laser-induced electron emission.
journal_name
Sci Repjournal_title
Scientific reportsauthors
Zhang P,Lau YYdoi
10.1038/srep19894subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2016-01-28 00:00:00pages
19894issn
2045-2322pii
srep19894journal_volume
6pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Bone is a dynamic organ continuously undergoing shaping, repairing and remodeling. The homeostasis of bone is maintained by the balance between osteoblastic bone formation and osteoclastic bone resorption. Osteoclasts (OCs) are specialized multinucleated cells derived from hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) or monocytes/...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/srep21499
更新日期:2016-02-09 00:00:00
abstract::Brassinosteroids are phytohormones involved in plant development and physiological processes. Brassinosteroids Insensitive 1 (BRI1) is required for BR perception and initiation of subsequent signal transduction in Arabidopsis. In this study, the orthologue of BRI1 in the model legume species Medicago truncatula, MtBRI...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41598-017-09297-9
更新日期:2017-08-24 00:00:00
abstract::The toxicological mechanisms of liver injury caused by most traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) remain largely unknown. Due to the unique features, exosomal microRNAs (miRNAs) are currently attracting major interests to provide further insights into toxicological mechanisms. Thus, taking Fructus Meliae Toosendan as an ...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41598-018-21113-6
更新日期:2018-02-12 00:00:00
abstract::Neonatal animal models are increasingly employed in order to unravel age-specific disease mechanisms. Appropriate tools objectifying the clinical condition of murine neonates are lacking. In this study, we tested a scoring system specifically designed for newborn mice that relies on clinical observation and examinatio...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41598-019-42414-4
更新日期:2019-04-11 00:00:00
abstract::The interaction between roots and bacterial communities in halophytic species is poorly understood. Here, we used Jerusalem artichoke cultivar Nanyu 1 (NY-1) to characterise root distribution patterns and determine diversity and abundance of bacteria in the rhizosphere soil under variable salinity. Root growth was not...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/srep20687
更新日期:2016-02-08 00:00:00
abstract::Anti-VEGF drugs are as the first-line therapies for diabetic macular edema (DME). In this study, we investigated the association between hyperreflective foci in the outer retinal layers and functional efficacy in DME patients who received intravitreal ranibizumab (IVR) injections. We retrospectively reviewed 77 eyes o...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41598-020-57646-y
更新日期:2020-01-21 00:00:00
abstract::The capacity of marine organisms to adapt and/or acclimate to climate change might differ among distinct populations, depending on their local environmental history and phenotypic plasticity. Kelp forests create some of the most productive habitats in the world, but globally, many populations have been negatively impa...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41598-021-82094-7
更新日期:2021-01-28 00:00:00
abstract::Increasing evidence indicates that static magnetic fields (SMF) reduce cortical activity in both human and animal models. The aim of this work was to investigate the effect of SMF on epileptiform cortical activity, a condition related to an abnormal increase in neuronal excitability. The first experimental block inclu...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41598-018-33808-x
更新日期:2018-10-30 00:00:00
abstract::Complement Receptor Immunoglobulin (CRIg), selectively expressed by macrophages, plays an important role in innate immunity by promoting phagocytosis of bacteria. Thus modulation of CRIg on macrophages by cytokines can be an important mechanism by which cytokines regulate anti-microbial immunity. The effects of the cy...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41598-017-04325-0
更新日期:2017-06-22 00:00:00
abstract::The objective of our in vivo study was to compare the effects of the osteotomy on the thermal alterations, the bone healing and count of polymorphonuclear cells, comparing the drill design (cylindrical or conical) using continuous or intermittent movement. Twelve rabbits were used, which were made four osteotomies (n ...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41598-020-77762-z
更新日期:2020-11-26 00:00:00
abstract::Human activating signal cointegrator homology (ASCH) domain-containing proteins are widespread and diverse but, at present, the vast majority of those proteins have no function assigned to them. This study demonstrates that the 103-amino acid Escherichia coli protein YqfB, previously identified as hypothetical, is a u...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41598-020-57664-w
更新日期:2020-01-21 00:00:00
abstract::Oligomerization of protein into specific quaternary structures plays important biological functions, including regulation of gene expression, enzymes activity, and cell-cell interactions. Here, we report the determination of two crystal structures of the Grimontia hollisae (formally described as Vibrio hollisae) therm...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41598-019-46354-x
更新日期:2019-07-08 00:00:00
abstract::Understanding of lipid oxidation mechanisms (e.g., auto-oxidation and photo-oxidation) in foods and cosmetics is deemed essential to maintain the quality of such products. In this study, the oxidation mechanisms in foods and cosmetics were evaluated through analysis of linoleic acid hydroperoxide (LAOOH) and linoleic ...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41598-019-43645-1
更新日期:2019-05-14 00:00:00
abstract::The network structure of biological systems provides information on the underlying processes shaping their organization and dynamics. Here we examined the structure of the network depicting protein interactions within the spliceosome, the macromolecular complex responsible for splicing in eukaryotic cells. We show the...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/srep14865
更新日期:2015-10-07 00:00:00
abstract::Kinetic restriction of a thermodynamically favourable equilibrium is a common theme in materials processing. The interfacial instability in systems where rate of material exchange is far greater than the mass transfer through respective bulk phases is of specific interest when tracking the transient interfacial area, ...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41598-017-14638-9
更新日期:2017-10-30 00:00:00
abstract::Web search tools are widely used by the general public to obtain health-related information, and analysis of search data is often suggested for public health monitoring. We analyzed popularity of searches related to smell loss and taste loss, recently listed as symptoms of COVID-19. Searches on sight loss and hearing ...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41598-020-77316-3
更新日期:2020-11-25 00:00:00
abstract::The purpose of this study was to find the circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) co-related with the severity of coronary artery calcification (CAC), and testify whether the selected miRNAs could reflect the obstructive coronary artery disease in symptomatic patients. Patients with chest pain and moderated risk for coronary a...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/srep16099
更新日期:2015-11-05 00:00:00
abstract::Although Heme Oxygenase-1 (HO-1) induction in various forms of kidney injury is protective, its role in age-related renal pathology is unknown. In the ageing kidney there is nephron loss and lesions of focal glomerulosclerosis, interstitial fibrosis, tubular atrophy and arteriolosclerosis. Underlying mechanisms includ...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41598-020-62016-9
更新日期:2020-03-31 00:00:00
abstract::A correction to this article has been published and is linked from the HTML and PDF versions of this paper. The error has been fixed in the paper. ...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 已发布勘误
doi:10.1038/s41598-018-37133-1
更新日期:2018-12-14 00:00:00
abstract::Recently, mesoporous carbon nitride (MCN) has aroused extensive interest for its potential applications in organocatalysis, photo- and electrochemistry and CO2 capture. However, further surface functionalization of MCN for advanced nanomaterials and catalysis still remains very challenging. Here we show that acidic ca...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/srep12901
更新日期:2015-08-05 00:00:00
abstract::Cartilage engineering that combines competent seeding cells and a compatible scaffold is increasingly gaining popularity and is potentially useful for the treatment of various bone and cartilage diseases. Intensive efforts have been made by researchers to improve the viability and functionality of seeding cells of eng...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/srep26617
更新日期:2016-05-25 00:00:00
abstract::In recent decades Madagascar has experienced significant habitat loss and modification, with minimal understanding of how human land use practices have impacted the evolution of its flora and fauna. In light of ongoing and intensifying anthropogenic pressures, we seek new insight into mechanisms driving genetic variab...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41598-019-52689-2
更新日期:2019-11-07 00:00:00
abstract::To attach reliably on various inclined rough surfaces, many insects have evolved both claws and adhesive pads on their feet. However, the interaction between these organs still remains unclear. Here we designed an artificial attachment device, which mimics the structure and function of claws and adhesive pads, and tes...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/srep26219
更新日期:2016-05-20 00:00:00
abstract::Composite materials have become widely used in engineering applications, in order to reduce the overall weight of structures while retaining their required strength. In this work, a composite material consisting of discontinuous glass fibers in a polypropylene matrix is studied at the microstructural level through cou...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41598-020-60368-w
更新日期:2020-02-27 00:00:00
abstract::MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been considered to be potent biomarkers for early disease diagnosis and for cancer therapy. The rapid and selective detection of miRNAs without reverse transcription and labelling is highly desired. Herein, we report a simple and label-free miRNA detection method that is based on the Duplex-Spe...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/srep07400
更新日期:2014-12-10 00:00:00
abstract::Parthenocarpy is the development of an ovary into a seedless fruit without pollination. The ubiquitous downregulation of SlIAA9 induces not only parthenocarpic fruit formation but also an abnormal vegetative phenotype. To make parthenocarpic transgenic tomato plants without unwanted phenotypes, we found two genes, nam...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41598-019-55400-7
更新日期:2019-12-11 00:00:00
abstract::Zika virus is a teratogenic mosquito-transmitted flavivirus that is associated with birth defects in newborns and Guillain-Barré syndrome in adults. The virus can also be sexually transmitted, but currently, very little is known about the cell types supporting virus replication and persistence in human testes. Using p...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41598-018-23899-x
更新日期:2018-04-03 00:00:00
abstract::To explore soil organic carbon (SOC) accumulation mechanisms, the dynamics of C functional groups and macroaggregation were studied synchronously through aggregate fractionation and (13)C NMR spectroscopy in sandy loam soil following an 18-year application of compost and fertilizer in China. Compared with no fertilize...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/srep13804
更新日期:2015-09-11 00:00:00
abstract::Cardiac remodeling is characterized by overactivity of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) and withdrawal of vagal activity. We hypothesized that improving vagal activity could attenuate cardiac fibrosis induced by angiotensin II (Ang II) in vivo and in vitro. Rats were subjected to abdominal aorta constriction (AAC) w...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/srep17108
更新日期:2015-11-24 00:00:00
abstract::Prenylated indole diketopiperazine (DKP) alkaloids are important bioactive molecules or their precursors. In the context of synthetic biology, efficient means for their biological production would increase their chemical diversification and the discovery of novel bioactive compounds. Here, we prove the suitability of ...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41598-019-45519-y
更新日期:2019-06-25 00:00:00