Abstract:
UNLABELLED:To stabilize cellular integrity in the face of environmental perturbations, most bacteria, including cyanobacteria, synthesize and maintain a strong, flexible, three-dimensional peptidoglycan lattice. Anabaena sp. strain PCC 7120 is a filamentous cyanobacterium capable of differentiating morphologically distinct nitrogen-fixing heterocyst cells in a periodic pattern. While heterocyst development has been shown to require proper peptidoglycan remodeling, the role of peptidoglycan synthesis has remained unclear. Here we report the identification of two peptidoglycan synthesis genes, murC (alr5065) and murB (alr5066), as required for heterocyst development. The murC and murB genes are predicted to encode a UDP-N-acetylmuramate:L-alanine ligase and a UDP-N-acetylenolpyruvoylglucosamine reductase, respectively, and we confirm enzymatic function through complementation of Escherichia coli strains deficient for these enzymes. Cells depleted of either murC or murB expression failed to differentiate heterocysts under normally inducing conditions and displayed decreased filament integrity. To identify the stage(s) of development affected by murC or murB depletion, the spatial distribution of expression of the patterning marker gene, patS, was examined. Whereas murB depletion did not affect the pattern of patS expression, murC depletion led to aberrant expression of patS in all cells of the filament. Finally, expression of gfp controlled by the region of DNA immediately upstream of murC was enriched in differentiating cells and was repressed by the transcription factor NtcA. Collectively, the data in this work provide evidence for a direct link between peptidoglycan synthesis and the maintenance of a biological pattern in a multicellular organism. IMPORTANCE:Multicellular organisms that differentiate specialized cells must regulate morphological changes such that both cellular integrity and the dissemination of developmental signals are preserved. Here we show that the multicellular bacterium Anabaena, which differentiates a periodic pattern of specialized heterocyst cells, requires peptidoglycan synthesis by the murine ligase genes murC (alr5065) and murB (alr5066) for maintenance of patterned gene expression, filament integrity, and overall development. This work highlights the significant influence that intracellular structure and intercellular connections can have on the execution of a developmental program.
journal_name
J Bacterioljournal_title
Journal of bacteriologyauthors
Videau P,Rivers OS,Ushijima B,Oshiro RT,Kim MJ,Philmus B,Cozy LMdoi
10.1128/JB.01027-15subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2016-03-31 00:00:00pages
1196-206issue
8eissn
0021-9193issn
1098-5530pii
JB.01027-15journal_volume
198pub_type
杂志文章abstract::In Escherichia coli, the three branched-chain amino acid activating enzymes appear to be essential for multivalent repression of the isoleucine- and valine-forming enzymes. The results of experiments with a mutant, strain CU18, having an altered threonine deaminase, indicate that free isoleucine and some form of threo...
journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JB.117.1.29-39.1974
更新日期:1974-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In wild-type Escherichia coli, fumarate reductase encoded by the frd operon is inducible by its substrate in the absence of molecular oxygen and nitrate. Synthesis of this enzyme under permissive conditions requires the fnr+ gene product, which is believed to be a pleiotropic regulatory protein that activates transcri...
journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JB.161.3.1023-1028.1985
更新日期:1985-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::In Escherichia coli, nine essential cell division proteins are known to localize to the division septum. FtsL is a 13-kDa bitopic membrane protein with a short cytoplasmic N-terminal domain, a membrane-spanning segment, and a periplasmic domain that has a repeated heptad motif characteristic of leucine zippers. Here, ...
journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/jb.182.1.116-129.2000
更新日期:2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In this report, we describe some of the characteristics of the Comamonas testosteroni B-356 biphenyl (BPH)-chlorobiphenyl dioxygenase system, which includes the terminal oxygenase, an iron-sulfur protein (ISPBPH) made up of an alpha subunit (51 kDa) and a beta subunit (22 kDa) encoded by bphA and bphE, respectively; a...
journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/jb.177.22.6610-6618.1995
更新日期:1995-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Farrar, W. Edmund, Jr. (Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Washington, D.C.), Thomas H. Kent, and Van B. Elliott. Lethal gram-negative bacterial superinfection in guinea pigs given bacitracin. J. Bacteriol. 92:496-501. 1966.-Oral administration of a single dose of bacitracin (either 2,000 or 10,000 units) was let...
journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JB.92.2.496-501.1966
更新日期:1966-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cells of Escherichia coli take up vitamin B(12) (cyano-cobalamin [CN-Cbl]) and iron chelates by use of sequential active transport processes. Transport of CN-Cbl across the outer membrane and its accumulation in the periplasm is mediated by the TonB-dependent transporter BtuB. Transport across the cytoplasmic membrane...
journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/jb.184.3.706-717.2002
更新日期:2002-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Acidic hot springs are colonized by a diversity of hyperthermophilic organisms requiring extremes of temperature and pH for growth. To clarify how carbohydrates are consumed in such locations, the structural gene (malA) encoding the major soluble alpha-glucosidase (maltase) and flanking sequences from Sulfolobus solfa...
journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JB.180.5.1287-1295.1998
更新日期:1998-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The type II secretion system (main terminal branch of the general secretion pathway) is used by diverse gram-negative bacteria to secrete extracellular proteins. Proteins secreted by this pathway are synthesized with an N-terminal signal peptide which is removed upon translocation across the inner membrane, but the si...
journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JB.180.6.1431-1437.1998
更新日期:1998-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Sulfate-utilizing revertants of a cysteine auxotroph of Salmonella pullorum have been found that cause an accumulation in growth medium of a sulfur compound more oxidized than sulfide. The sulfur compound was presumptively identified as sulfite by the formation of a colored complex in the presence of basic fuchsin and...
journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JB.100.1.365-369.1969
更新日期:1969-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::DivIVA is involved in Bacillus subtilis cell division and is located at the cell poles. Previous experiments suggested that the cell division proteins FtsZ and PBP 2B are required for polar targeting of DivIVA. By using outgrowing spores, we show that DivIVA accumulates at the cell poles independent of the presence of...
journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/jb.185.2.693-697.2003
更新日期:2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The role of the energy status of the yeast cell in the sensitivity of cultures to two yeast toxins was examined by using 12K release from cells as a measure of toxin action. The Saccharomyces cerevisiae killer toxin bound to sensitive cells in the presence of drugs that interfered with the generation or use of energy,...
journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JB.129.2.668-677.1977
更新日期:1977-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The replication of the R factor Rts1 in Proteus mirabilis was examined by using the technique of CsCl density-gradient centrifugation. The proportion of Rts1 deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) relative to the host chromosomal DNA (% R-DNA) was 7% in both exponential and stationary growth phases in Penassay Broth and suppleme...
journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JB.109.2.492-498.1972
更新日期:1972-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The bacteriophage P22-based challenge-phage system was used to study the binding of Xis and FIS to their sites in attP of bacteriophage lambda. Challenge phages were constructed that contained the X1, X2, and F sites within the P22 Pant promoter, which is required for expression of antirepressor. If Xis and FIS bind t...
journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/jb.173.19.5954-5963.1991
更新日期:1991-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Acetate kinase catalyzes the reversible phosphorylation of acetate (CH3COO- + ATP<-->CH3CO2PO3(2-) + ADP). A mechanism which involves a covalent phosphoryl-enzyme intermediate has been proposed, and chemical modification studies of the enzyme from Escherichia coli indicate an unspecified glutamate residue is phosphory...
journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JB.180.5.1129-1134.1998
更新日期:1998-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The Salmonella effector protein SopA is translocated into host cells via the SPI-1 type III secretion system (TTSS) and contributes to enteric disease. We found that the chaperone InvB binds to SopA and slightly stabilizes it in the bacterial cytosol and that it is required for its transport via the SPI-1 TTSS. ...
journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/jb.186.4.1215-1219.2004
更新日期:2004-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::An in vitro system of cell envelopes from Salmonella typhimurium with functional flagella was used to determine the minimal requirements for flagellar rotation. Rotation in the absence of cytoplasmic constituents could be driven either by respiration or by an artificially imposed chemical gradient of protons. No speci...
journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JB.158.3.1208-1210.1984
更新日期:1984-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) carboxykinase was identified to be the only C3-carboxylating enzyme in Alcaligenes eutrophus. The enzyme requires GDP or inosine diphosphate (GTP or inosine triphosphate) for activity. Pyruvate- and other PEP-dependent CO2-fixing enzyme activities were not detected, regardless of whether the ...
journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JB.159.1.167-172.1984
更新日期:1984-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Structural analogs of S-adenosylhomocysteine were tested in vitro for inhibition of the yeast S-adenosylmethionine:delta 24-sterol-C-methyltransferase enzyme. A wide inhibitory range by these compounds was observed, suggesting which structural features of the parent compound are important for binding to the enzyme. No...
journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JB.145.1.106-112.1981
更新日期:1981-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Domingue, Gerald J. (Tulane University, New Orleans, La.), and William A. Pierce, Jr. Effect of partially purified streptococcal M protein on the in vitro phagocytosis of Streptococcus pyogenes. J. Bacteriol. 89:583-588. 1965.-M protein from Streptococcus pyogenes strain Bailey type 12 was adsorbed onto cells of a glo...
journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JB.89.3.583-588.1965
更新日期:1965-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Halalkalicoccus jeotgali B3(T), isolated from salt-fermented seafood from South Korea, is an extremely halophilic archaeon belonging to the family Halobacteriaceae. Here, we present the complete genome sequence of the type strain H. jeotgali B3(T) (3,698,650 bp, with a G+C content of 62.5%), which consists of one chro...
journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JB.00663-10
更新日期:2010-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::We demonstrate that the expression of hem genes in Rhodobacter capsulatus is transcriptionally repressed in response to the exogenous addition of heme. A high-copy suppressor screen for regulators of hem gene expression resulted in the identification of an LysR-type transcriptional regulator, called HbrL, that regulat...
journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JB.188.4.1567-1576.2006
更新日期:2006-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::From several presumably pure cultures of Thiobacillus ferrooxidans, we isolated a pair of stable phenotypes. One was a strict autotroph utilizing sulfur or ferrous iron as the energy source and unable to utilize glucose; the other phenotype was an acidophilic obligate heterotroph capable of utilizing glucose but not s...
journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JB.143.1.448-454.1980
更新日期:1980-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The process of flagellar assembly in Salmonella typhimurium was investigated by using temperature-sensitive mutants. The mutants were grown at the restrictive temperature and then at the permissive temperature, with radiolabel supplied in the first phase of the experiment and not the second, or vice versa. Flagellar h...
journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/jb.172.3.1327-1339.1990
更新日期:1990-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Hyphae of Aspergillus nidulans continued to synthesize all the major polysaccharide components of the cell wall when cycloheximide was added to cultures. In the presence of cycloheximide, hyphae did not elongate, but electron microscopy showed that the walls became thicker around the cell. The conclusion that cyclohex...
journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JB.114.2.819-823.1973
更新日期:1973-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Serratia plymuthica strain PRI-2C is a rhizosphere bacterial strain with antagonistic activity against different plant pathogens. Here we present the 5.39-Mb (G+C content, 55.67%) draft genome sequence of S. plymuthica strain PRI-2C with the aim of providing insight into the genomic basis of its antagonistic activity....
journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JB.00679-12
更新日期:2012-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::NADPH is an intermediate in the oxidation of organic compounds coupled to Fe(III) reduction in Geobacter species, but Fe(III) reduction with NADPH as the electron donor has not been studied in these organisms. Crude extracts of Geobacter sulfurreducens catalyzed the NADPH-dependent reduction of Fe(III)-nitrilotriaceti...
journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JB.183.15.4468-4476.2001
更新日期:2001-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Klite, P. D. (Middle America Research Unit, Balboa Heights, Canal Zone). Intestinal bacterial flora and transit time of three neotropical bat species. J. Bacteriol. 90:375-379. 1965.-Quantitative studies on the intestinal bacterial flora of three neotropical bat species revealed the following average bacterial populat...
journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JB.90.2.375-379.1965
更新日期:1965-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Most bacteriophages (phages) release their progeny through the action of holins that form lesions in the cytoplasmic membrane and lysins that degrade the bacterial peptidoglycan. Although the function of each protein is well established in phages infecting Streptococcus pneumoniae, the role--if any--of the powerful ba...
journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JB.00477-09
更新日期:2009-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Site-directed mutagenesis has been used to identify a number of charged residues essential for the transport activity of the PheP protein. These residues are highly conserved in the cluster of amino acid transporters. However, some other conserved residues and a number of aromatic residues have been shown not to be es...
journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/jb.175.22.7500-7504.1993
更新日期:1993-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Investigation of the chromosomal region downstream of the lacZ gene from Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus revealed the presence of a gene (prtB) encoding a proteinase of 1,946 residues with a predicted molecular mass of 212 kDa. The deduced amino acid sequence showed that PrtB proteinase displays significan...
journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/jb.178.11.3059-3065.1996
更新日期:1996-06-01 00:00:00