Abstract:
:Specimens for chlamydial isolation culture and direct fluorescent antibody cytology (DFA) were collected from 1671 women and children from a trachoma-endemic area in Central Tanzania. Trachoma was graded using the new World Health Organization grading scheme, and 54% of the children and 9% of the women had inflammatory trachoma (TF or TI). DFA, using the presence of five elementary bodies as the criterion for a positive test, had a sensitivity of 88.0% and a specificity of 87.5% compared to culture and a sensitivity of 54.7% and specificity of 92.8% compared to clinical diagnosis. Altogether, 52.9% of those with trachoma grade TF were positive on either or both culture and DFA versus 77.0% of those with TI. Twenty-nine isolates were serotyped; 18 were serovar A, ten were serovar B, and one was serovar Ba. Positive cultures or DFA were obtained in 6.9% of those graded clinically as not having TF or TI and in a smaller number of those without any perceptible evidence of disease. Conversely, organisms could not be demonstrated in a number of people with severe inflammation (TI) even though some became positive after multiple repeated culture. These two findings of infection without disease and disease without evidence of infection suggest the importance of the immunologic response to infection in determining the clinical status. DFA was found to be an appropriate test for future field studies of trachoma. Further studies of those with disease but without agent and of those with agent but without disease will help understand the dynamics of infection and transmission and the role of the immune response in this important blinding disease.
journal_name
Invest Ophthalmol Vis Scijournal_title
Investigative ophthalmology & visual scienceauthors
Taylor HR,Rapoza PA,West S,Johnson S,Munoz B,Katala S,Mmbaga BBsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
1989-08-01 00:00:00pages
1823-33issue
8eissn
0146-0404issn
1552-5783journal_volume
30pub_type
杂志文章abstract:PURPOSE:To map the gene for autosomal dominant cataracts (ADC) in an American white family of European descent. METHODS:Ophthalmic examinations and linkage analyses using a variety of polymorphisms were performed; two-point lod scores calculated. RESULTS:Affected individuals (14 studied) exhibited variable expressivi...
journal_title:Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2000-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:To examine the influence of experimentally reduced cerebrospinal fluid pressure (CSFP) on retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness and neuroretinal rim area of the optic nerve head. METHODS:This experimental study included nine monkeys that underwent implantation of a lumbar-peritoneal cerebrospinal fluid (C...
journal_title:Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1167/iovs.13-13657
更新日期:2014-04-15 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:In the Gbeta5(-/-) mouse, the electroretinogram (ERG) b-wave is absent, and the R7 subfamily of regulators of G protein signaling (RGS), which includes RGS6, -7, -9, and -11, is downregulated. Mutant mouse strains deficient in RGS7 or -11 were characterized, and the SG711 strain which is deficient in both prote...
journal_title:Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1167/iovs.09-4084
更新日期:2010-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:To investigate the induction of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) gene expression by prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in cultured rat Müller cells and to study the mechanism of the induction. METHODS:Müller cells were obtained from neonatal Sprague-Dawley rat retinas an...
journal_title:Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1998-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:To determine the efficacy of a new formulation of topical dexamethasone 0.1%/povidone-iodine 0.4% (FST-100) in reducing clinical symptoms and infectious viral titers in a rabbit model of adenoviral keratoconjunctivitis. METHODS:Rabbit corneas were inoculated bilaterally with 2×10(6) plaque-forming-units (PFU) ...
journal_title:Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1167/iovs.10-5944
更新日期:2011-01-21 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:Mutations in the mitochondrial dynamin-related GTPase OPA1 cause autosomal dominant optic atrophy (ADOA), but the pathophysiology of this disease is unknown. As a first step in functional studies, this study was conducted to evaluate the expression of Opa1 in whole retina and in isolated retinal ganglion cells ...
journal_title:Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1167/iovs.03-1407
更新日期:2005-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:High intraocular pressure (IOP) is a major risk factor for glaucoma, one of the leading causes of blindness worldwide. Because it has been demonstrated that African populations are at increased risk for glaucoma, the authors investigated the genetic basis of IOP in a sample of West Africans with type 2 diabetes...
journal_title:Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1167/iovs.05-1537
更新日期:2006-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:Neuronal and glial alterations precede the overt vascular change that characterizes diabetic retinopathy. Because retinal astrocytes modulate neuronal and vascular function, this study investigated the time course of astrocyte, Müller cell, and neuronal change during diabetes to determine whether astrocytes may...
journal_title:Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1167/iovs.11-7879
更新日期:2011-12-02 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:We previously showed that pre-exposure of the cornea to Toll-like receptor (TLR)5 ligand flagellin induces strong protective innate defense against microbial pathogens and hypothesized that flagellin modulates gene expression at the transcriptional levels. Thus, we sought to determine the role of one transcript...
journal_title:Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1167/iovs.13-12453
更新日期:2013-11-15 00:00:00
abstract:Purpose:Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) plays a key role in VEGF-induced angiogenesis. The goal of this project was to test the hypothesis that editing genomic VEGFR2 loci using the technology of clustered regularly interspaced palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-associated DNA endonuclease (Cas)9 in St...
journal_title:Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1167/iovs.16-20537
更新日期:2017-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:Purpose:To discover novel therapies that lower IOP by increasing aqueous humor outflow facility, ex vivo ocular perfusion systems provide a valuable tool. However, currently available designs are limited by their throughput. Here we report the development of a compact, scalable perfusion system with improved throughput...
journal_title:Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1167/iovs.16-20974
更新日期:2017-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Greene's melanomas, implanted in the anterior chamber of 31 eyes of 19 Dutch rabbits, were treated with hyperthermia induced by high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU). The percentage necrosis 24 hr after treatment (N) as a function of steady-state intratumor temperature (T) could be described with N(T) = -181.5 + 4....
journal_title:Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1989-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Intact rod photoreceptors were dissociated from pronase-treated whole retinas of adult mice by repeated passage through a plastic pipette tip. Hemocytometer counts of the cell suspensions indicate that, during a series of ten dissociation steps, a total of about 1-2 million intact photoreceptor cells are dissociated f...
journal_title:Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1986-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:The authors investigated whether trigeminal sensitization occurs in response to bright light with the retina disconnected from the rest of the central nervous system by optic nerve section. METHODS:In urethane-anesthetized rats, trigeminal reflex blinks were evoked with air puff stimuli directed at the cornea ...
journal_title:Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1167/iovs.11-7604
更新日期:2011-10-04 00:00:00
abstract:Purpose:Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α is upregulated in eyes following corneal alkali injury and contributes to corneal and also retinal damage. Prompt TNF-α inhibition by systemic infliximab ameliorates retinal damage and improves corneal wound healing. However, systemic administration of TNF-α inhibitors carries risk...
journal_title:Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1167/iovs.16-20339
更新日期:2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Attempts to describe normal corneal shape and to represent corneal topography by an array of discrete points have limited usefulness. A quantitative photogrammetric method that produces indices to describe corneal shape was developed. Four indices depict the departure of keratographic rings from circularity, and two i...
journal_title:Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1984-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:To determine whether corneal acidosis, which occurs during contact lens wear, alters corneal O2 consumption (QO2) and if so, whether increased ion transport activity could contribute to altered QO2 during acidosis. METHODS:PO2 was measured, using the phosphorescence quenching of Pd-meso-tetra-(4-carboxyphenyl)...
journal_title:Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1998-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:The authors recently showed that the retinal circulation can be accessed by transfemoral endovascular catheterization. The purpose of this study was to examine whether endovascular coiling can be used to induce different degrees of ischemic injury. The possibility of creating occlusions at different sites in th...
journal_title:Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1167/iovs.11-7628
更新日期:2011-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:To study reading acuity in children and assess the reliability of its measurement using the Italian version of the MNREAD reading chart. METHODS:One hundred sixteen children from grades 3 to 8 with normal near vision were tested at a pediatric eye care institution in northeastern Italy. Visual acuity was evalu...
journal_title:Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1167/iovs.03-1304
更新日期:2004-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:To characterize the possible role of transducin Gtβγ-complex in modulating the signaling properties of photoactivated rhodopsin and its lifetime in rod disc membranes and intact rods. METHODS:Rhodopsin photolysis was studied using UV-visible spectroscopy and rapid scanning spectroscopy in the presence of hydro...
journal_title:Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1167/iovs.11-9350
更新日期:2012-03-09 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:To describe lacrimal gland involvement in a murine model of acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). METHODS:Histopathologic examination was performed on lacrimal glands of mice affected by GVHD at 1, 2, 4, and 6 weeks after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT). Histopathologic scoring, based on charact...
journal_title:Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1167/iovs.05-0040
更新日期:2005-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:To determine the effect of pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC), a nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB inhibitor, on chemokine and chemokine receptor expression and thus elucidate the role of NF-kappaB in the pathogenesis of experimental autoimmune anterior uveitis (EAAU). METHODS:Uveitis was induced in Lewis rats with t...
journal_title:Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1167/iovs.04-0640
更新日期:2005-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:Ocular side effects in patients using eye drops may be due to intolerance to the vector used in eye drops. Castor oil is the commonly used lipophilic vector but has been shown to be cytotoxic. Effects on cells of four oils (olive, camelina, Aleurites moluccana, maize) were compared with those of castor oil in h...
journal_title:Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1167/iovs.07-0229
更新日期:2007-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:Purpose:We investigate morphologic and physiologic alterations of ganglion cells (GCs) in a streptozocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mouse model. Methods:Experiments were conducted in flat-mount retinas of mice 3 months after the induction of diabetes. Changes in morphology of four subtypes of GCs (ON-type RGA2 [ON-RGA2], ...
journal_title:Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1167/iovs.18-26359
更新日期:2019-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:We measured the aqueous humor levels of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) MMP-1, MMP-2, MMP-3, and tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases (TIMP) TIMP-1, TIMP-2, and TIMP-3 in patients with myopia or cataract, and investigated the relationship between their levels and axial length (AL). METHODS:We measure...
journal_title:Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1167/iovs.14-13983
更新日期:2014-05-29 00:00:00
abstract::A monoclonal antibody, 4G10.3, was developed that preferentially binds limbal basal cells in adult rat, rabbit, and human corneas. These cells were hypothesized to be the stem cells for the corneal epithelium. The antibody 4G10.3 was localized by immunofluorescence microscopy in rats 1 d and 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, and 6 wk ...
journal_title:Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1992-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:To measure high-resolution eye-specific displacements and deformations induced within the human LC microstructure by an acute increase in IOP. METHODS:Six eyes from donors aged 23 to 82 were scanned using second harmonic-generated (SHG) imaging at various levels of IOP from 10 to 50 mm Hg. An image registratio...
journal_title:Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1167/iovs.13-12724
更新日期:2014-01-02 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:To determine the effects of overexpression of mutated BIGH3 in HeLa and human corneal epithelial (HCE) cells. METHODS:Six mutations known to be responsible for autosomal dominant corneal dystrophies linked to chromosome 5 were generated in a BIGH3 expression vector and transfected in HeLa and HCE cells. The ex...
journal_title:Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1167/iovs.02-0661
更新日期:2003-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:The selective muscarinic antagonist pirenzepine inhibits experimentally induced myopia in avian and mammalian species, including nonhuman primates and adolescent humans. Transient positive lens defocus has a potent inhibitory effect on negative-lens-induced myopia in avian and mammalian models. The purpose of t...
journal_title:Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1167/iovs.09-4431
更新日期:2010-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:To isolate and characterize ciliary body epithelial antigens reactive with a monoclonal antibody, 2B4.14.1. METHODS:A mouse monoclonal antibody generated against human corneal endothelium, 2B4.14.1 reacts with nonpigmented epithelium of human and guinea pig ciliary bodies. The ciliary body proteins reactive wi...
journal_title:Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1994-07-01 00:00:00