Abstract:
:Rare earth elements (REE) used to be taken as tracers of geological origin for fluvial transport. Nowadays their increased applications in innovative environmental-friendly technology (e.g. in catalysts, superconductors, lasers, batteries) and medical applications (e.g. MRI contrast agent) lead to man-made, elevated levels in the environment. So far, no regulatory thresholds for REE concentrations and emissions to the environment have been set because information on risks from REE is scarce. However, evidence gathers that REE have to be acknowledged as new, emerging contaminants with manifold ways of entry into the environment, e.g. through waste water from hospitals or through industrial effluents. This paper reviews existing information on bioaccumulation and ecotoxicity of lanthanum in the aquatic environment. Lanthanum is of specific interest as one of the major lanthanides in industrial effluents. This review focuses on the freshwater and the marine environment, and tackles the water column and sediments. From these data, methods to derive quality criteria for sediment and water are discussed and preliminary suggestions are made.
journal_name
Ecotoxicol Environ Safjournal_title
Ecotoxicology and environmental safetyauthors
Herrmann H,Nolde J,Berger S,Heise Sdoi
10.1016/j.ecoenv.2015.09.033subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2016-02-01 00:00:00pages
213-238eissn
0147-6513issn
1090-2414pii
S0147-6513(15)30110-Xjournal_volume
124pub_type
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