Abstract:
:The prevalence of ANA and anti-ENA in the general population is not well established, especially their clinical significance in healthy subjects. We herein determined the prevalence and predictive value of serum ANA and anti-ENA for connective tissue diseases (CTD), cancer, and mortality. We took advantage of a randomly selected sample of the 1998 general population (Isola I) consisting of 2828 subjects (53% women, age 43±13 years) from a well-defined Northern Italian area. Serum ANA and anti-ENA were tested on the 2690 samples available in 2012 (Isola II, 50% women, age 58±13 years). Administrative databases were searched for CTD, cancer diagnosis, and death cases occurring between enrollment and December 31, 2013. The hazard ratio (HR) was calculated for incident cases. Serum ANA is positive in 18.1% for any titer and 6.1% for titers ≥1:160, 23% in subjects over 50 years and 13.1% and 6.1% for any titer and titers ≥1:160, respectively, in women. The HR for CTD development was significantly high for all ANA titers, with the highest for ANA ≥1:160 (HR 14.19, 95% CI 3.07-65.68). ANA positivity was not associated with cancer (HR 1.03; 95% CI 0.75-1.43), or with mortality (HR adjusted for age and sex 1.40; 95% CI 0.94-2.09). Serum anti-ENA is positive in a minority of subjects with highest figures for anti-nucleosome (1.9%), -histone (1.6%) and -PM/Scl (1.5%). In conclusion, serum ANA prevalence in the general population is highest in senior subjects and in women, while the female predominance is significantly lower compared to overt CTD. Serum ANA is associated with an increased probability of CTD development over time, but does not influence survival or cancer risk.
journal_name
Autoimmun Revjournal_title
Autoimmunity reviewsauthors
Selmi C,Ceribelli A,Generali E,Scirè CA,Alborghetti F,Colloredo G,Porrati L,Achenza MI,De Santis M,Cavaciocchi F,Massarotti M,Isailovic N,Paleari V,Invernizzi P,Matthias T,Zucchi A,Meroni PLdoi
10.1016/j.autrev.2015.10.007subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2016-02-01 00:00:00pages
162-6issue
2eissn
1568-9972issn
1873-0183pii
S1568-9972(15)00219-0journal_volume
15pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::Pulmonary manifestations in antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) are relatively rare compared to other clinical signs of this disease. However, pulmonary microthrombosis is among the most frequent arterial complications of APS. Timely diagnosis of pulmonary manifestations is required due both to their severity and to the h...
journal_title:Autoimmunity reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.autrev.2006.02.002
更新日期:2006-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Myocarditis is a major cause of heart disease in young patients and a common precursor of heart failure due to dilated cardiomyopathy. Some auto-immune and/or auto-inflammatory diseases may be accompanied by myocarditis, such as sarcoidosis, Behçet's disease, eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis, myositis, an...
journal_title:Autoimmunity reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.autrev.2017.05.021
更新日期:2017-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM) comprise a heterogeneous group of muscle diseases. The three best-studied subgroups are dermatomyositis (DM), polymyositis (PM) and sporadic inclusion body myositis (IBM). The latter represents a steroid-refractory condition. PM and IBM are characterized by a cell-mediated ...
journal_title:Autoimmunity reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.autrev.2009.02.026
更新日期:2009-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV) constitutes a group of rare diseases characterized by necrotizing inflammation of small blood vessels and the presence of ANCA. Although these autoantibodies were initially used to classify pauci-immune vasculitis, increasing clinical and experimen...
journal_title:Autoimmunity reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.autrev.2016.03.007
更新日期:2016-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Inflammatory muscle diseases (IMD), including dermatomyositis (DM) and polymyositis (PM), affect skeletal muscle, leading to profound tissue modification. The etiology of IMD is unknown, but multiple steps of the disease pathogenesis have been identified. The main alterations involve the immune response. Cellular infi...
journal_title:Autoimmunity reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s1568-9972(02)00055-1
更新日期:2002-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Autoimmunity is influenced by multiple factors including gender and sex hormones. A definite female predominance is found in many autoimmune diseases. Gender is also associated with differences in clinical presentation, onset, progression and outcome of autoimmune diseases. Sex hormones might influence the target orga...
journal_title:Autoimmunity reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.autrev.2011.11.001
更新日期:2012-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is a rare autoimmune disease due to an abnormal T cell response, notably supported by splenic T follicular helper cells, that stimulates the proliferation and differentiation of autoreactive B cells. The antiplatelet autoantibodies they produce facilitate platelet phagocytosis by macropha...
journal_title:Autoimmunity reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.autrev.2017.04.012
更新日期:2017-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) suffer cardiovascular events 1.5-2 fold than the general population, and cardiovascular (CV) events are leading cause of death in patients with RA. It is known that patients with RA have endothelial dysfunction, related with impaired function of endothelial progenitor cells (EPC...
journal_title:Autoimmunity reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,收录出版,评审
doi:10.1016/j.autrev.2019.05.005
更新日期:2019-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pemphigoid (Pg) is an autoimmune subepidermal blistering disease that affects the elderly population. The phenotype can be Bullous Pemphigoid (BP), which primarily involves the skin, or Mucous Membrane Pemphigoid (MMP), which primarily involves mucus membranes. Ocular Cicatricial Pemphigoid (OCP) and Oral Pemphigoid (...
journal_title:Autoimmunity reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.autrev.2011.07.002
更新日期:2011-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recently, a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of the inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate kinase C (ITPKC), rs28493229, was found to passively confer susceptibility for Kawasaki syndrome (KS) and subsequent coronary arterial lesions. This association is believed to be the result of defective phosphorylation of inositol 1,4,...
journal_title:Autoimmunity reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.autrev.2012.03.006
更新日期:2012-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Antibodies present in healthy conditions in the absence of deliberate immunization or infections are called natural antibodies. A significant proportion of natural antibody pool is believed to interact with self-antigens, and thus is called natural autoantibodies. Natural autoantibodies belong to IgG, IgM and IgA subc...
journal_title:Autoimmunity reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.autrev.2012.02.006
更新日期:2012-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::There is a thriving interest in the field of hereditary autoinflammatory disorders (HAID), a gamut of heterogeneous conditions deriving from an aberrant orchestration of innate immunity, unified by the common feature of seemingly unprovoked inflammation, which might be systemic or occur in localized niches of the orga...
journal_title:Autoimmunity reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.autrev.2014.08.001
更新日期:2014-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Numerous inflammatory rheumatic diseases occurring in premenopausal women require the use of high doses of glucocorticoids (GC). It was believed for many years that premenopausal women were, at least to some extent, protected from bone loss associated with GC therapy. However, epidemiological studies performed in prem...
journal_title:Autoimmunity reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s1568-9972(03)00056-9
更新日期:2003-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Hemophagocytic syndrome (HPS) is a clinicopathologic entity characterized by increased proliferation and activation of benign macrophages with hemophagocytosis throughout the reticuloendothelial system. Uncontrolled T-lymphocyte activation is responsible for increased T(H)1 cytokines secretion such as IFN-gamma, IL-12...
journal_title:Autoimmunity reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/S1568-9972(03)00091-0
更新日期:2004-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The "exposome" is a term recently used to describe all environmental factors, both exogenous and endogenous, which we are exposed to in a lifetime. It represents an important tool in the study of autoimmunity, complementing classical immunological research tools and cutting-edge genome wide association studies (GWAS)....
journal_title:Autoimmunity reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.autrev.2012.12.005
更新日期:2013-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITD) result from a dysregulation of the immune system leading to an immune attack on the thyroid. AITD are T cell-mediated organ-specific autoimmune disorders. The prevalence of AITD is estimated to be 5%; however, the prevalence of antithyroid antibodies may be even higher. The AITD comp...
journal_title:Autoimmunity reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.autrev.2014.10.016
更新日期:2015-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Annexin V inhibits prothrombin activation and is able to prevent thrombus formation under normal venous and arterial blood flow conditions. Antibodies to annexin V have been identified in association with several pathological conditions, including systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) with or without anti-phospholipid sy...
journal_title:Autoimmunity reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.autrev.2004.07.006
更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Impaired clearance of apoptotic cell material has been implicated in the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Besides many other molecules, C1q and DNaseI contribute to an efficient clearance of dying cells. A frequently observed factor in SLE patients is the accumulation of unusually large amounts of a...
journal_title:Autoimmunity reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.autrev.2004.10.007
更新日期:2005-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The central function of the immune system is to protect the host from environmental agents such as microbes or chemicals, thereby preserving the integrity of the body, and preventing the onset of illness and infection. Moreover, the immune system is constantly challenged to discriminate self vs. non-self and mediate t...
journal_title:Autoimmunity reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.autrev.2016.12.011
更新日期:2017-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Antimalarials have been an effective and safe treatment for autoimmune rheumatic diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus for more than a hundred years. There are surprisingly few reports of hydroxychloroquine use in the systemic vasculitides. Hydroxychloroquine has antithrombotic, cardiovascular, antimicrobial a...
journal_title:Autoimmunity reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.autrev.2018.01.016
更新日期:2018-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:We investigated the effectiveness of rituximab (an anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody) in patients with eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA). METHODS:We performed a systematic literature review from the inception dates until July 20, 2020 for articles reporting rituximab administration to treat EG...
journal_title:Autoimmunity reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.autrev.2020.102737
更新日期:2021-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Effective immune responses require the appropriate activation and differentiation of peripheral CD4(+) T cells. These processes need to be followed by the timely elimination of the responding T cells in order to restore T cell homeostasis. Defects in the appropriate regulation of T cell activation, expansion, and surv...
journal_title:Autoimmunity reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.autrev.2008.07.044
更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are central to the maintenance of self-tolerance and tissue homeostasis. Markers commonly used to define human Tregs in the research setting include high expression of CD25, FOXP3 positivity and low expression/negativity for CD127. Many other markers have been proposed, but none unequivocall...
journal_title:Autoimmunity reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.autrev.2014.10.012
更新日期:2015-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Rituximab is a monoclonal antibody directed against the CD20 antigen expressed on B cells and widely used in the treatment of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and rheumatoid arthritis. There is a growing amount of literature which suggests that rituximab may be useful for inflammatory ocular diseases and intraocular lymphoma. F...
journal_title:Autoimmunity reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.autrev.2011.07.001
更新日期:2011-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::NMO-IgG, the auto-antibody specific to the aquaporin-4 (AQP4) water channel associated with the autoimmune inflammatory disease neuromyelitis optica (NMO), is considered to be an accurate serum biomarker and is thought to be an important contributor to NMO pathology. In this review, we summarize recent evidences from ...
journal_title:Autoimmunity reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.autrev.2009.04.004
更新日期:2009-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Myasthenia gravis (MG) is an autoimmune disease characterized by muscle weakness, fatigability, and autoantibodies against protein antigens of the muscle endplate. Antibodies against acetylcholine receptor (AChR), and less frequently against muscle-Specific Kinase (MuSK) or lipoprotein related protein 4 (LRP4) occur i...
journal_title:Autoimmunity reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.autrev.2014.08.039
更新日期:2014-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Steroid-responsive encephalopathy and associated autoimmune thyroiditis (SREAT) is characterized by encephalopathy and the presence of antithyroid antibodies. We describe the clinical presentation, outcome and treatments for SREAT by a systematic review of the literature. METHODS:MEDLINE via PubMed, Web of ...
journal_title:Autoimmunity reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.autrev.2016.09.008
更新日期:2016-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory joint disease characterized by a distinctive pattern of bone and joint destruction. RA patients have an increased risk of death. The incidence and prevalence of RA vary across populations, statistical methods, and disease definitions. In North America and Northern Eu...
journal_title:Autoimmunity reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.autrev.2009.11.019
更新日期:2010-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::In addition to cause acute and chronic liver disease, hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is frequently associated to autoimmune disorders, such as mixed cryoglobulinemia, primary glomerulonephritis, monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance and post-transplant proliferative disorders. Progression to malignant ...
journal_title:Autoimmunity reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.autrev.2009.03.008
更新日期:2009-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mixed cryoglobulinemia (MC) is an immunological disorder characterized by immune-complex-mediated systemic vasculitis involving small vessels, which may present with renal, cutaneous, rheumatologic, and/or neurological manifestations. Until recently, the possible appearance of anti-neuronal autoantibodies in periphera...
journal_title:Autoimmunity reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.autrev.2008.07.027
更新日期:2008-10-01 00:00:00