Detection of kidney damage by malathion impurities using a microdissection technique.

abstract：:To understand environmental causes of disease, unbiased methods are needed to characterize the human exposome, which represents all toxicants to which people are exposed from both exogenous and endogenous sources. Because they directly modify DNA and important proteins, reactive electrophiles are probably the most imp...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Rappaport SM,Li H,Grigoryan H,Funk WE,Williams ER

更新日期：2012-08-13 00:00:00

abstract：:Sulfur dioxide (SO2) is one of potential risk factors for induction and/or exacerbation of asthma, but the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. In this study, we investigate the role of SO2 in asthma using a classical asthmatic model with allergic airway inflammation by treating C57BL/6 mice with ovalbumin (...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Li X,Huang L,Wang N,Yi H,Wang H

更新日期：2018-03-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Previous studies indicated that the enantiomers of thalidomide and its analogue EM12 exhibit differing teratogenic potencies. Unfortunately, these substances proved to be unstable and racemised considerably, so that the intrinsic teratogenic potencies of the pure enantiomers were difficult to elucidate. We have theref...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Hauck RS,Nau H

更新日期：1989-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:By the gas plant at Schwaan (a small city near Rostock), tar and other by-products were released into the river Warnow which supplies Rostock with drinking water 20 km downstream. The tar-contaminated river sediment contained phenols and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), indicating a mutagenic potential. Investi...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Randow FF,Hübener T,Merkel G

更新日期：1996-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Manganese (Mn) is an essential trace element required for normal function and development. However, exposure to this metal at elevated levels may cause manganism, a progressive neurodegenerative disorder with neurological symptoms similar to idiopathic Parkinson's disease (IPD). Elevated body burdens of Mn from exposu...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Stephenson AP,Schneider JA,Nelson BC,Atha DH,Jain A,Soliman KF,Aschner M,Mazzio E,Renee Reams R

更新日期：2013-04-26 00:00:00

abstract：:Toluene diisocyanate (TDI), a highly reactive industrial chemical is a leading cause of occupational asthma in westernized countries. It has also been reported to be a skin sensitizer in mice and guinea pigs although instances of skin sensitivity in humans are rare. It is uncertain if skin-contact is necessary to init...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Ebino K,Ueda H,Kawakatsu H,Shutoh Y,Kosaka T,Nagayoshi E,Lemus R,Karol MH

更新日期：2001-04-08 00:00:00

abstract：:Cadmium specifically modify amine metabolism at the central nervous system and pituitary hormone secretions. Thus, the physiological functions controlled by these hormones can be modulated by cadmium. This xenobiotic is associated with deleterious effects on the gonadal function and with changes in the secretory patte...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Lafuente A,Esquifino AI

更新日期：1999-11-22 00:00:00

abstract：:12-O-Tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) is a non-genotoxic tumor promoter that dysregulates the protein kinase C (PKC) pathway and causes variable cellular responses to DNA damage in different experimental models. In the present study, we pretreated human lymphoblastoid TK6 cells (wild-type p53) for 72 h with TPA, ...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Glover KP,Markell LK,Donner EM,Han X

更新日期：2014-08-17 00:00:00

abstract：:The effect of methyl mercury chloride (MeHgCl) on the chick sympathetic and sensory dorsal root ganglia was studied in a biological in vitro assay. These cultures were not affected by the addition of MeHg up to a concentration of 2 microM. However, after an addition of 4-5 microM MeHg the capability of the neurons to ...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Söderström S,Ebendal T

更新日期：1995-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Lindane administration to rats (60 mg/kg b.w.) led to an enhancement in the oxidative stress status of the liver at 4 h after treatment, characterized by increases in hepatic thiobarbituric acid reactants (TBARS) formation and chemiluminescence, reduced glutathione (GSH) depletion, and diminution in the biliary conten...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Videla LA,Arisi AC,Fuzaro AP,Koch OR,Junqueira VB

更新日期：2000-04-10 00:00:00

abstract：:Although formaldehyde (FA) has been classified as a human leukemogen, the mechanisms of leukemogenesis remain elusive. Previously, using colony-forming assays in semi-solid media, we showed that FA exposure in vivo and in vitro was toxic to human hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells. In the present study, we have appli...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Ji Z,Li X,Fromowitz M,Mutter-Rottmayer E,Tung J,Smith MT,Zhang L

更新日期：2014-01-13 00:00:00

abstract：:Previous studies have suggested that elevated blood homocysteic acid (HCA) levels increased the risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD), but the underlying mechanisms are unclear. Herein, we studied the neuronal toxicity of HCA and the underlying mechanisms in HT-22 cells. Results showed that HCA induced cell death in concen...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Tan M,Ouyang Y,Jin M,Chen M,Liu P,Chao X,Chen Z,Chen X,Ramassamy C,Gao Y,Pi R

更新日期：2013-10-23 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:The epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) contributes to fibrosis during silicosis. Zinc finger CCCH-type containing 4 protein (ZC3H4) is a novel CCCH-type zinc finger protein that activates inflammation in pulmonary macrophages during silicosis. However, whether ZC3H4 is involved in EMT during silicosi...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Jiang R,Zhou Z,Liao Y,Yang F,Cheng Y,Huang J,Wang J,Chen H,Zhu T,Chao J

更新日期：2019-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:1,3,5-Trinitro-2-acetyl pyrrole (TNAP) is a product derived from the reaction of 2-acetyl pyrrole with nitrite in the model of Maillard browning systems. This compound is moderately mutagenic to the Salmonella strains TA98 and TA100 and is markedly cytotoxic to mouse C3H10T1/2 cells. Experiments are performed to inves...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Lin YL,Tseng TH,Hsu JD,Chu CY,Wang CJ

更新日期：1996-12-16 00:00:00

abstract：:Effects of sublethal concentration (0.8 of LC50 96 h) of nickel sulphate (NiSO4 X 7H2O) on muscle glycogen and blood lactic acid levels of a freshwater teleost, Colisa fasciatus, at time intervals from 3-96 h have been recorded. Muscle glycogen levels showed a general decrease at all time intervals compared with contr...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Chaudhry HS

更新日期：1984-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:1. General anaesthetics induce reversible structural and functional modifications of the proton pump bacteriorhodopsin contained in the purple membrane of halobacteria. 2. This short paper describes the phenomenological similarity between the effects of anaesthetics and heating on this system. 3. pH dependence and the...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Gao MM,Boucher F

更新日期：1998-11-23 00:00:00

abstract：:Cytotoxicity in terms of haemolytic potency in vitro of eight surfactants failed to correlate with in vivo rabbit eye irritancy. Ability of the same surfactants to block spontaneous contractions of mouse and rabbit isolated ileum (especially the latter), correlated better with in vivo findings in rabbit eyes. Effectiv...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Muir CK,Flower C,Van Abbé NJ

更新日期：1983-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In recent years physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling has found frequent application in risk assessments where PBPK models serve as important adjuncts to studies on modes of action of xenobiotics. In this regard, studies on mode of action provide insight into both the sites/mechanisms of action and the...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Andersen ME

更新日期：2003-02-18 00:00:00

abstract：:Benzo(a)pyrene (BP) is the best studied polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, classified as carcinogenic to humans. The carcinogenic metabolite, benzo(a)pyrene-7,8-dihydrodiol-9,10-epoxide (BPDE), binds covalently to DNA. The key enzyme in this metabolic reaction is CYP1A1, which has also been found in placenta and human t...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Karttunen V,Myllynen P,Prochazka G,Pelkonen O,Segerbäck D,Vähäkangas K

更新日期：2010-08-16 00:00:00

abstract：:The toxic and teratogenic effects of 4 organophosphorus compounds (phenyl saliginen cyclic phosphate (PSCP), leptophos-oxon (LPTO), tri-o-tolyl phosphate (TOTP), and paraoxon (PXN] were investigated in the embryos of 3 species of frogs. Developmental abnormalities were observed in surviving embryos of each of the 3 sp...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Fulton MH,Chambers JE

更新日期：1985-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Aggregation of α-synuclein (α-syn) in the brain is a defining pathological feature of neurodegenerative disorders classified as synucleinopathies. They include Parkinson's disease (PD), dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), and multiple system atrophy (MSA). Occupational and environmental exposure to manganese (Mn) is asso...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Verina T,Schneider JS,Guilarte TR

更新日期：2013-03-13 00:00:00

abstract：:The skin is highly sensitive to the chemical warfare agent in mustard gas, sulfur mustard (SM) that initiates a delayed injury response characterized by erythema, inflammation and severe vesication (blistering). Although SM poses a continuing threat, used as recently as in the Syrian conflict, no mechanism-based antid...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Achanta S,Chintagari NR,Brackmann M,Balakrishna S,Jordt SE

更新日期：2018-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:To determine whether occupational exposure to trichloroethylene (TCE) influences sympathetic nerve activity, serum dopamine-beta-hydroxylase (DBH) activities were analyzed in 84 male workers exposed to TCE and 83 male age-matched controls. The workers were exposed to about 22 ppm TCE in air. There were no significant ...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Nagaya T,Ishikawa N,Hata H

更新日期：1990-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A lack of well-established parameters and assessment values currently impairs biomonitoring of n-heptane exposure. Using controlled inhalation experiments, we collected information on urinary n-heptane metabolite concentrations and the time course of metabolite excretion. Relationships between external and internal ex...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Rossbach B,Kegel P,Letzel S

更新日期：2018-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Impairment in cholinergic systems is a highly consistent finding in human dementia. Among cholinergic markers, marked decreases in nicotine binding have been most consistently observed in the telencephalic regions of demented patients and are thought to contribute to the cognitive deficits associated with ageing and a...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Zanardi A,Leo G,Biagini G,Zoli M

更新日期：2002-02-28 00:00:00

abstract：:Groups of people with no occupational exposure to Br-containing chemicals (29-54 year old, mostly women) in Japan, China and Korea, respectively, offered spot urine samples. Those in China and Korea offered 24 h duplicates of foods of the day. Urine samples were analyzed for Br by ECD-gas chromatography (ECD-GC) after...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Kawai T,Zhang ZW,Moon CS,Shimbo S,Watanabe T,Matsuda-Inoguchi N,Higashikawa K,Ikeda M

更新日期：2002-08-05 00:00:00

abstract：:Male painters are commonly exposed to ethylene glycol monoethyl ether (EGE), a well known reproductive toxic agent causing testicular atrophy, in the form of solvent mixture containing toluene (TOL) and xylene (XYL). This study was carried out to determine the effect of exposing male rats to solvent mixture containing...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Chung WG,Yu IJ,Park CS,Lee KH,Roh HK,Cha YN

更新日期：1999-01-11 00:00:00

abstract：:A concern among hospital personnel is their exposure to mutagenic drugs and in the incidental exposures that could occur in caring for the patients. In a recent published study the mutagenicity of urine from patients administered antineoplastic drugs was determined and techniques were developed to chemically inactivat...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Monteith DK,Connor TH,Benvenuto JA,Fairchild EJ,Theiss JC

更新日期：1988-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The effect of lead exposure on dopaminergic mechanisms regulating prolactin (PRL) secretion was studied in rats by measuring dopamine (DA) and dihydroxyphenylacetic acid hypothalamic concentrations and DA receptor density in the hypothalamus and pituitary of lead-exposed animals. [3H]Sulpiride was used as dopamine rec...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Govoni S,Lucchi L,Battaini F,Spano PF,Trabucchi M

更新日期：1984-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Carbon nanotubes (CNT), despite their diverse application potential, have demonstrated adverse impacts in vitro and in vivo. Previous studies have focused on the combined in vitro cytotoxic impact of CNT aggregates and associated nanoparticulate impurities. However, the isolated effect of CNT aggregates and associated...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Raja PM,Connolley J,Ganesan GP,Ci L,Ajayan PM,Nalamasu O,Thompson DM

更新日期：2007-02-28 00:00:00