Abstract:
:There are several different classes of synthetic dermal fillers and volume enhancers including semipermanent and permanent products available in the United States. Based on clinical and scientific evidence, this article reviews the chemical and polymeric properties, clinical data, patient selection, indications for use, injection technique, and adverse event profiles of permanent synthetic injectables currently used in clinical practice in the United States: medical-grade liquid injectable silicone and polymethyl methacrylate. Understanding the unique characteristics of these two products reinforces the advantages and disadvantages of each, including under what circumstances they should be used and why they perform the way they do.
journal_name
Facial Plast Surg Clin North Amjournal_title
Facial plastic surgery clinics of North Americaauthors
Joseph JHdoi
10.1016/j.fsc.2015.07.003subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2015-11-01 00:00:00pages
433-45issue
4eissn
1064-7406issn
1558-1926pii
S1064-7406(15)00078-4journal_volume
23pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::Botulinum toxin A treatment continues to increase in popularity and number. Many more patients are undergoing cosmetic Botox procedures and many, diverse practitioners are providing them. The best results are obtained from a careful history and physical examination of the patient combined with a detailed understanding...
journal_title:Facial plastic surgery clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.fsc.2006.12.003
更新日期:2007-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Social media has become a rising popular online medium for facilitating the exchange of information and ideas for the purpose of education and networking, especially in the realm of plastic surgeon. It is important for facial plastic surgeons in private practice to recognize the influence of and engagement in social m...
journal_title:Facial plastic surgery clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.fsc.2020.07.002
更新日期:2020-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Extraesophageal reflux has been implicated in many disorders affecting the upper airway. This article reviews the recent literature regarding the relationship of refractory chronic rhinosinusitis with extraesophageal reflux. Recent studies have shown that patients with refractory chronic rhinosinusitis have an increas...
journal_title:Facial plastic surgery clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.fsc.2011.10.009
更新日期:2012-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::This article provides an overview of the current state of the art of facial reanimation using the best available evidence. Medical, surgical, and physical therapy options in acute and long-standing facial palsy are discussed. ...
journal_title:Facial plastic surgery clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.fsc.2015.04.005
更新日期:2015-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Despite historical concerns about the spread of infection from the sinuses to the nasal tissues,concurrent septorhinoplasty and endoscopic sinus surgery may be performed safely in most patients who meet the criteria for sinus surgery. However, otolaryngologists should use good medical judgment in selecting patients ap...
journal_title:Facial plastic surgery clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.fsc.2004.04.007
更新日期:2004-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The number of commercially available injectable soft tissue fillers has increased dramatically worldwide over the past decade. In the United States, a variety of temporary non-collagen-based fillers have been approved. However, no permanent soft tissue injectable fillers are currently approved by the US Food and Drug ...
journal_title:Facial plastic surgery clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.fsc.2007.02.006
更新日期:2007-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cutaneous injuries that result in scar formation are relatively common, leading patients to seek treatment for cosmetic or functional improvement. Treatments that have the potential to improve or eliminate scarring include radiation therapy, surgical excision, and intralesional injections of corticosteroids, 5-flourou...
journal_title:Facial plastic surgery clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.fsc.2011.06.006
更新日期:2011-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::This article covers how to manage patients with extensive hair loss in whom complete, dense coverage is not possible. In addition to discussing planning a transplant pattern for already bald men, I discuss a conservative approach for recognizing and transplanting younger patients who have telltale warning signs that m...
journal_title:Facial plastic surgery clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.fsc.2013.05.008
更新日期:2013-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::As contemporary antiviral therapy provides patients who have HIV effective long-term management of their disease, the prevalence of facial HIV-associated lipoatrophy is increasing. Sculptra (Dermik Laboratories, Berwyn, Pennsylvania) (injectable poly-L-lactic acid) is US Food and Drug Administration approved for the t...
journal_title:Facial plastic surgery clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.fsc.2006.10.005
更新日期:2007-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::This article examines 6 questions about lip augmentation answered by 3 experts in their field of facial plastic surgery. The topics covered include high-yield areas such as injection, surgical enhancement, rhytid resurfacing, implants, complications, and technique changes over the years. All the authors answered these...
journal_title:Facial plastic surgery clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.fsc.2017.12.005
更新日期:2018-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::In the field of hair restoration, there has been a significant increase in demand with patients for facial hair transplantation procedures. Modern techniques in hair transplantation allow for facial hair transplantation and for the attainment of natural-appearing results. Facial hair transplantation is a subspecialty ...
journal_title:Facial plastic surgery clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.fsc.2020.01.010
更新日期:2020-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::This article reviews the clinical characteristics, histology, biologic behavior, and recommended treatment for several benign and malignant lesions that may arise on the head and neck. Nevus sebaceus and congenital melanocytic nevus are two benign lesions that can present at a size of several centimeters. Surgical exc...
journal_title:Facial plastic surgery clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.fsc.2004.11.006
更新日期:2005-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::This article reviews the presentation of children with craniofacial anomalies by the most common sites of airway obstruction. Major craniofacial anomalies may be categorized into those with midface hypoplasia, mandible hypoplasia, combined midface and mandible hypoplasia, and midline deformities. Algorithms of airway ...
journal_title:Facial plastic surgery clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.fsc.2016.06.002
更新日期:2016-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Middle-aged men represent an emerging group expressing an interest in facial rejuvenation procedures. One must understand the complex differences in motivation, psychosocial factors, and aspects associated with anatomy and facial aging that are unique to men. To maximize postoperative results and increase patient sati...
journal_title:Facial plastic surgery clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.fsc.2005.05.001
更新日期:2005-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Age is the most significant factor contributing to the overall change in the appearance of an individual's facial features over time. The purpose of any cosmetic procedure is to reverse the aging process that has occurred in an individual. During the last 5 years, volume restoration through lipotransfer combined with ...
journal_title:Facial plastic surgery clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.fsc.2008.05.006
更新日期:2008-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Facial analysis is an integral part of the surgical planning process. Clinical photography has long been an invaluable tool in the surgeon's practice not only for accurate facial analysis but also for enhancing communication between the patient and surgeon, for evaluating postoperative results, for medicolegal documen...
journal_title:Facial plastic surgery clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.fsc.2010.01.010
更新日期:2010-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Aging of the face is inevitable and undeniable. This process includes a loss of skeletal support, soft tissue volume depletion, and a decrease in skin elasticity. The contribution of these 3 factors varies between individuals with noticeable hereditary influence. Characteristic ethnic features have been described in t...
journal_title:Facial plastic surgery clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.fsc.2014.04.008
更新日期:2014-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::For decades, chemical peels have remained a trusted option for treatment of aging facial skin. However, emerging technologies are being adopted by many practitioners who may not have had sufficient opportunity to learn the art of chemical peeling. Properly performed peels can improve the condition of the skin, are les...
journal_title:Facial plastic surgery clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.fsc.2012.02.008
更新日期:2012-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The perioral region has certain anatomic characteristics that make it unique and responsive to different types of rejuvenation treatments, including surgery, soft tissue fillers, laser, and chemical peeling. An understanding of the structural anatomy, relationships to other facial units, attractiveness, and analysis o...
journal_title:Facial plastic surgery clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.fsc.2007.08.006
更新日期:2007-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Facial feminization surgery (FFS) is the general term for a group of specific procedures that are used in an attempt to alter the perceived gender of an individual's face. These procedures include many commonly offered by facial plastic surgeons, such as rhytidectomy, brow lift, cheek implantation, and lip augmentatio...
journal_title:Facial plastic surgery clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.fsc.2007.11.011
更新日期:2008-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The term Asian refers to East Asians of the Pacific Rim who share not only a common heritage and skin type but also the same set of clinical skin problems. Pigmentation of the skin is often considered the number one esthetic skin concern in Asians. Asians idealize unblemished complexion of facial skin and are less tol...
journal_title:Facial plastic surgery clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.fsc.2011.05.008
更新日期:2011-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Suture modification techniques have long served as reliable methods to surgically improve nasal tip contour by allowing control of width, projection, and rotation during rhinoplasty. Tip abnormalities characterized by a wide or broad shape are particularly amenable to such techniques. In the senior author's hands (SWP...
journal_title:Facial plastic surgery clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.fsc.2008.10.004
更新日期:2009-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Reconstruction of the eyelids is highly complex because of their function and critical role in appearance. Optimal restoration of their form and function depends on a firm understanding of normal eyelid position, the structural support system of the eyelids, and the forces that act to keep the eyelids in precise balan...
journal_title:Facial plastic surgery clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.fsc.2009.04.005
更新日期:2009-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::This article provides an overview of scar management within the forehead region. It addresses the unique challenges specific to the treatment of forehead wounds. A logical, stepwise approach is used. A subsite based treatment algorithm is provided along with a review of current best practices. Pertinent case examples ...
journal_title:Facial plastic surgery clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.fsc.2016.08.012
更新日期:2017-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::This article reviews the case of a 45-year-old female who had undergone previous rhinoplasty in which there had been overaggressive resection of the nasal skeletal architecture. A revision rhinoplasty was preformed using available autogenous septal cartilage and various porous high-density polyethylene implants. One y...
journal_title:Facial plastic surgery clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.fsc.2006.06.009
更新日期:2006-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::An ideal scar is flat, thin, and color matched to the surrounding skin. Incision planning, skin closure, and postoperative care are vital to create an inconspicuous scar. Depressed, hypertrophic, and keloid scars each pose unique challenges to the facial plastic surgeon. Several surgical and nonsurgical options exist ...
journal_title:Facial plastic surgery clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.fsc.2019.07.013
更新日期:2019-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Brow position is determined by a dynamic interaction between depressor and elevator muscles. Botulinum toxin may be used to temporarily alter this equilibrium to result in a change in brow position. Knowledge of the anatomy of the brow depressors and elevators allows selective treatment of these muscles to effect a ch...
journal_title:Facial plastic surgery clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/S1064-7406(03)00072-5
更新日期:2003-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Modern cosmetic medicine requires accurate recognition of all types of rhytids and their molecular causes such that treatments may be tailored for improving skin appearance for each unique patient. This article examines the causes and treatment of fine rhytids. Laser rejuvenation therapies that affect the epidermis, d...
journal_title:Facial plastic surgery clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.fsc.2011.05.006
更新日期:2011-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::We are in the midst of truly changing times, as patients of African descent actively embrace facial cosmetic surgery. Gaining surgical consistency in patients of African descent has proven to be elusive and unpredictable for many rhinoplasty surgeons. Surgical success relies on the surgeon's ability precisely to ident...
journal_title:Facial plastic surgery clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.fsc.2009.11.012
更新日期:2010-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Temporalis muscle tendon unit (MTU) transfer may be used as a single-stage procedure for dynamic reanimation of the paralyzed face. Principles and biomechanics of muscle function and tendon transposition are essential in optimizing outcome. Critical steps and pearls for success include minimizing scarring, maintaining...
journal_title:Facial plastic surgery clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.fsc.2015.09.004
更新日期:2016-02-01 00:00:00