Abstract:
BACKGROUND:The cinereous vulture, Aegypius monachus, is the largest bird of prey and plays a key role in the ecosystem by removing carcasses, thus preventing the spread of diseases. Its feeding habits force it to cope with constant exposure to pathogens, making this species an interesting target for discovering functionally selected genetic variants. Furthermore, the presence of two independently evolved vulture groups, Old World and New World vultures, provides a natural experiment in which to investigate convergent evolution due to obligate scavenging. RESULTS:We sequenced the genome of a cinereous vulture, and mapped it to the bald eagle reference genome, a close relative with a divergence time of 18 million years. By comparing the cinereous vulture to other avian genomes, we find positively selected genetic variations in this species associated with respiration, likely linked to their ability of immune defense responses and gastric acid secretion, consistent with their ability to digest carcasses. Comparisons between the Old World and New World vulture groups suggest convergent gene evolution. We assemble the cinereous vulture blood transcriptome from a second individual, and annotate genes. Finally, we infer the demographic history of the cinereous vulture which shows marked fluctuations in effective population size during the late Pleistocene. CONCLUSIONS:We present the first genome and transcriptome analyses of the cinereous vulture compared to other avian genomes and transcriptomes, revealing genetic signatures of dietary and environmental adaptations accompanied by possible convergent evolution between the Old World and New World vultures.
journal_name
Genome Bioljournal_title
Genome biologyauthors
Chung O,Jin S,Cho YS,Lim J,Kim H,Jho S,Kim HM,Jun J,Lee H,Chon A,Ko J,Edwards J,Weber JA,Han K,O'Brien SJ,Manica A,Bhak J,Paek WKdoi
10.1186/s13059-015-0780-4subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2015-10-21 00:00:00pages
215eissn
1474-7596issn
1474-760Xpii
10.1186/s13059-015-0780-4journal_volume
16pub_type
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