Pharmacology, physiology and performance: occupational drug use and HIV risk among female entertainment and sex workers in Cambodia.

Abstract:

BACKGROUND:In Cambodia, HIV prevalence among female entertainment and sex workers (FESW) is up to twenty times higher than in the general population. Use of amphetamine-type stimulants (ATS) has been associated with increased risk of HIV and other sexually transmitted infections in key populations, including FESW. While one in four Cambodian FESW report recent ATS use, little attention has been paid to how the occupational contexts of sex work shape patterns of use. Currently, no HIV prevention interventions target ATS use in this population. METHODS:We conducted in-depth interviews with FESW (n = 30) with the goal of exploring experiences and motivations for ATS use and informing the development of a conditional cash transfer (CCT) intervention designed to reduce ATS use and HIV risk. Interviews were conducted and transcribed in Khmer and translated into English. Interview narratives were read and re-read and emerging themes reviewed and refined to develop an initial coding scheme. Data were formally coded using both open and axial coding to clarify and consolidate initial themes. RESULTS:The most common driver of ATS use among FESW was increased functionality. ATS was seen as a performance enhancer, acting as an appetite suppressant and enabling women to meet the physiological demands of sex work, including long working hours, multiple clients and extended sexual transactions. While our results are consistent with studies linking ATS use to heightened sexual risk, via unprotected and/or prolonged sex, for women in the current study, the negative consequences of ATS use were outweighed by perceived functional benefits. CONCLUSIONS:FESW in Cambodia harness the pharmacological properties of ATS to meet the physiological demands of sex work in a context of limited economic opportunities. There is an urgent need to both provide Cambodian women with options for income generation that do not risk their health and to better regulate the conditions of sex work to provide safer working environments. Structural and economic interventions, including CCT programmes, combined with awareness and enforcement of sex workers' rights, are also necessary to facilitate harm reduction and occupational health and work safety within the Cambodian sex and entertainment industry.

journal_name

Harm Reduct J

journal_title

Harm reduction journal

authors

Dixon TC,Ngak S,Stein E,Carrico A,Page K,Maher L

doi

10.1186/s12954-015-0068-8

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2015-10-16 00:00:00

pages

33

issn

1477-7517

pii

10.1186/s12954-015-0068-8

journal_volume

12

pub_type

杂志文章
  • Barriers and facilitators to hepatitis C (HCV) screening and treatment-a description of prisoners' perspective.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a global epidemic with an estimated 71 million people infected worldwide. People who inject drugs (PWID) are overrepresented in prison populations globally and have higher levels of HCV infection than the general population. Despite increased access to primary health care...

    journal_title:Harm reduction journal

    pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究

    doi:10.1186/s12954-018-0269-z

    authors: Crowley D,Van Hout MC,Lambert JS,Kelly E,Murphy C,Cullen W

    更新日期:2018-12-11 00:00:00

  • Buprenorphine therapy in the setting of induced opioid withdrawal from oral naltrexone: a case report.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Patients with opioid use disorder (OUD) frequently present to the emergency department for acute treatment of overdose and withdrawal. CASE PRESENTATION:A 29-year-old male presented to the emergency room after intravenous heroin use followed by accidental ingestion of naltrexone. He was treated with bupreno...

    journal_title:Harm reduction journal

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1186/s12954-020-00417-9

    authors: Szczesniak LM,Calleo VJ,Sullivan RW

    更新日期:2020-10-07 00:00:00

  • Harm reduction--the cannabis paradox.

    abstract::This article examines harm reduction from a novel perspective. Its central thesis is that harm reduction is not only a social concept, but also a biological one. More specifically, evolution does not make moral distinctions in the selection process, but utilizes a cannabis-based approach to harm reduction in order to ...

    journal_title:Harm reduction journal

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1186/1477-7517-2-17

    authors: Melamede R

    更新日期:2005-09-22 00:00:00

  • Strategies for recruiting injection drug users for HIV prevention services in Delhi, India.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:We utilized multiple recruitment approaches to recruit IDUs in a longitudinal cohort study to examine HIV incidence and behavior change pre- and post-introduction of comprehensive HIV prevention services. METHODS:IDUs were recruited through peer referral, targeted outreach by outreach workers (ORWs) and as ...

    journal_title:Harm reduction journal

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1186/1477-7517-10-16

    authors: Tun W,Sebastian MP,Sharma V,Madan I,Souidi S,Lewis D,Thior I,Sarna A

    更新日期:2013-09-25 00:00:00

  • How do drug users define their progress in harm reduction programs? Qualitative research to develop user-generated outcomes.

    abstract::BACKGROUND: Harm reduction is a relatively new and controversial model for treating drug users, with little formal research on its operation and effectiveness. In order to advance the study of harm reduction programs and our understanding of how drug users define their progress, qualitative research was conducted to d...

    journal_title:Harm reduction journal

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1186/1477-7517-1-8

    authors: Ruefli T,Rogers SJ

    更新日期:2004-08-26 00:00:00

  • Peer-delivered harm reduction and recovery support services: initial evaluation from a hybrid recovery community drop-in center and syringe exchange program.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Recovery from substance use disorder (SUD) is often considered at odds with harm reduction strategies. More recently, harm reduction has been categorized as both a pathway to recovery and a series of services to reduce the harmful consequences of substance use. Peer recovery support services (PRSS) are effec...

    journal_title:Harm reduction journal

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1186/s12954-018-0258-2

    authors: Ashford RD,Curtis B,Brown AM

    更新日期:2018-10-22 00:00:00

  • Perceptions of drug users regarding hepatitis C screening and care: a qualitative study.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Illicit drug users have a high prevalence of HCV and represent the majority of newly infected persons in the U.S. Despite the availability of effective HCV treatment, few drug users have been evaluated or treated for HCV. Racial and ethnic minorities have a higher incidence and prevalence of HCV and higher H...

    journal_title:Harm reduction journal

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1186/1477-7517-10-10

    authors: Jordan AE,Masson CL,Mateu-Gelabert P,McKnight C,Pepper N,Bouche K,Guzman L,Kletter E,Seewald RM,Des-Jarlais DC,Sorensen JL,Perlman DC

    更新日期:2013-06-20 00:00:00

  • Thwarting science by protecting the received wisdom on tobacco addiction from the scientific method.

    abstract:: In their commentary, Dar and Frenk call into question the validity of all published data that describe the onset of nicotine addiction. They argue that the data that describe the early onset of nicotine addiction is so different from the conventional wisdom that it is irrelevant. In this rebuttal, the author argues t...

    journal_title:Harm reduction journal

    pub_type: 社论

    doi:10.1186/1477-7517-7-26

    authors: Difranza JR

    更新日期:2010-11-04 00:00:00

  • Introducing hepatitis C virus healthcare pathways in addiction care in the Netherlands with a Breakthrough project: a mixed method study.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:People who inject drugs (PWID) are disproportionally affected by the hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. In the Netherlands, active HCV transmission in PWID has practically been halted but uptake of HCV testing and linkage to care remains insufficient in this risk group. A national HCV in Addiction Care (HAC)...

    journal_title:Harm reduction journal

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1186/s12954-019-0316-4

    authors: Kracht PAM,de Gee EA,van der Poel A,Verhagen MAMT,Hoepelman AIM,Croes EA,Arends JE

    更新日期:2019-07-15 00:00:00

  • Self-care habits among people who inject drugs with skin and soft tissue infections: a qualitative analysis.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Injection drug use is on the rise in the USA, and skin and soft tissue infections (SSTI) are a common complication, resulting in significant morbidity and mortality. Due to structural barriers to care-seeking, many people who inject drugs avoid formal care and resort to self-care techniques, but little is kn...

    journal_title:Harm reduction journal

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1186/s12954-019-0345-z

    authors: Gilbert AR,Hellman JL,Wilkes MS,Rees VW,Summers PJ

    更新日期:2019-12-12 00:00:00

  • Associating conditional cash transfer to universal access to treatment could be the solution to the HCV epidemic among drug users (DUs).

    abstract:BACKGROUND:To understand the limits of HCV screening programs to reach all drug users (DUs). METHOD:The association of the recruitment of a representative sample of a population of DUs in a specific area with the use of a questionnaire that included 250 items allowed the use of uni- and multifactorial analysis to expl...

    journal_title:Harm reduction journal

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1186/s12954-018-0264-4

    authors: Chossegros P,Di Nino F

    更新日期:2018-12-12 00:00:00

  • Does harm reduction programming make a difference in the lives of highly marginalized, at-risk drug users?

    abstract::Harm reduction is a controversial model for treating drug users, with little formal research available on its operation and effectiveness. In order to advance the field, we first conducted participatory research of harm reduction with 120 clients using nominal-group technique to develop culturally relevant outcomes to...

    journal_title:Harm reduction journal

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1186/1477-7517-1-7

    authors: Rogers SJ,Ruefli T

    更新日期:2004-06-01 00:00:00

  • Smoking marijuana in public: the spatial and policy shift in New York City arrests, 1992-2003.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:During the 1990s, the New York Police Department (NYPD) greatly expanded arrests for smoking marijuana in public view (MPV). By 2000, MPV accounted for 15% of all arrests. The NYPD's supporters report this arrest activity is just part of quality-of-life (QOL) policing, which seeks to promote order in public ...

    journal_title:Harm reduction journal

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1186/1477-7517-3-22

    authors: Golub A,Johnson BD,Dunlap E

    更新日期:2006-08-04 00:00:00

  • A qualitative exploration of travel-related risk behaviours of injection drug users from two Slovene regions.

    abstract:UNLABELLED:This qualitative study of travel-related risk behaviours of Slovene injection drug users was based on interviews with individuals enrolled in drug addiction treatment programmes run by three regional centres for prevention and treatment of drug addiction. The primary objective of the study was to analyse beh...

    journal_title:Harm reduction journal

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1186/1477-7517-8-8

    authors: Kostnapfel T,Svab I,Rotar DP

    更新日期:2011-04-17 00:00:00

  • Mortality in the Melbourne injecting drug user cohort study (MIX).

    abstract:BACKGROUND:There are few studies of mortality amongst people who inject drugs (PWID) in Australia. In this study, we estimate mortality in a cohort of PWID in Melbourne and examine predictors of mortality including health service use, demographic characteristics, drug use and personal wellbeing. FINDINGS:We linked ide...

    journal_title:Harm reduction journal

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1186/s12954-015-0089-3

    authors: Nambiar D,Agius PA,Stoové M,Hickman M,Dietze P

    更新日期:2015-12-09 00:00:00

  • Exposure to HIV risks among young people who use drugs (YPUD) in three cities in Vietnam: time to develop targeted interventions.

    abstract:INTRODUCTION:The aim of this study is to identify the profiles of young people who use drugs (YPUD) and their exposure to HIV risks in the 3 main cities of Vietnam, Haiphong, Hanoi, and Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC), in order to design a community-based intervention to prevent HIV. METHODS:A survey using respondent-driven s...

    journal_title:Harm reduction journal

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1186/s12954-020-00357-4

    authors: Michel L,Nguyen LT,Nguyen AK,Ekwaru JP,Laureillard D,Nagot N,Phan O,Khuat OTH

    更新日期:2020-02-24 00:00:00

  • Motivations, facilitators and barriers to accessing hepatitis C treatment among people who inject drugs in two South African cities.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Treatment of hepatitis C (HCV) among people who inject drugs (PWID) is a critical component of efforts to eliminate viral hepatitis. A recent study found high HCV prevalence among PWID in two cities, Pretoria (84%) and Cape Town (44%). Very few (< 5%) HCV-infected individuals attended follow-up appointments....

    journal_title:Harm reduction journal

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1186/s12954-020-00382-3

    authors: Versfeld A,McBride A,Scheibe A,Spearman CW

    更新日期:2020-06-10 00:00:00

  • Principles of condom provision programs in prisons from the standpoint of European prison health experts: a qualitative study.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Condom provision is one of the most effective harm reduction interventions to control sexually transmitted infections (STIs) including HIV/AIDS and viral hepatitis in prisons. Yet, very few countries around the world provide prisoners with condoms. The present study aimed to elucidate principles of effective...

    journal_title:Harm reduction journal

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1186/s12954-021-00462-y

    authors: Moazen B,Mauti J,Meireles P,Černíková T,Neuhann F,Jahn A,Stöver H

    更新日期:2021-01-28 00:00:00

  • Medical cannabis use in the Australian community following introduction of legal access: the 2018-2019 Online Cross-Sectional Cannabis as Medicine Survey (CAMS-18).

    abstract:BACKGROUND:In 2016, the Australian federal government passed legislation enabling a range of cannabis-based products to be prescribed to patients by registered healthcare professionals. An online survey conducted immediately prior to these legislative changes found that the vast majority of respondents at the time were...

    journal_title:Harm reduction journal

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1186/s12954-020-00377-0

    authors: Lintzeris N,Mills L,Suraev A,Bravo M,Arkell T,Arnold JC,Benson MJ,McGregor IS

    更新日期:2020-06-08 00:00:00

  • Stigmatization among methadone maintenance treatment patients in mountainous areas in northern Vietnam.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Stigma and discrimination may adversely affect the benefits of methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) for drug users, especially in disadvantaged settings. This study assessed stigma and discrimination against MMT patients in the mountainous and rural areas in Vietnam and explored their associated factors to ...

    journal_title:Harm reduction journal

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1186/s12954-016-0127-9

    authors: Van Nguyen H,Nguyen HL,Mai HT,Le HQ,Tran BX,Hoang CD,Le HT,Nguyen CT,Tran TD,Latkin CA,Vu TM

    更新日期:2017-01-06 00:00:00

  • Quantifying hepatitis C transmission risk using a new weighted scoring system for the Blood-Borne Virus Transmission Risk Assessment Questionnaire (BBV-TRAQ): applications for community-based HCV surveillance, education and prevention.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:The hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a major cause of drug-related morbidity and mortality, with incidence data implicating a wide range of HCV transmission risk practices. The Blood-Borne Virus Transmission Risk Assessment Questionnaire (BBV-TRAQ) is a content valid instrument that comprehensively assesses HCV ri...

    journal_title:Harm reduction journal

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1186/1477-7517-5-12

    authors: Stoové MA,Fry CL,Lintzeris N

    更新日期:2008-04-23 00:00:00

  • Prolonged-release opioid agonist therapy: qualitative study exploring patients' views of 1-week, 1-month, and 6-month buprenorphine formulations.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Options for opioid agonist therapy (OAT) are expanding with the development of prolonged-release (also known as extended-release) 1-week, 1-month, and 6-month formulations of buprenorphine. There is an assumption that patients will welcome these new treatments and medication adherence will correspondingly in...

    journal_title:Harm reduction journal

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1186/s12954-019-0296-4

    authors: Neale J,Tompkins CNE,Strang J

    更新日期:2019-04-03 00:00:00

  • Public attitudes towards gambling product harm and harm reduction strategies: an online study of 16-88 year olds in Victoria, Australia.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Gambling has quickly emerged as an important global public health issue. With new technologies used to develop high intensity gambling products and promotions aimed at driving consumption, public health organisations and researchers, community groups, and politicians have argued for a range of regulatory and...

    journal_title:Harm reduction journal

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1186/s12954-017-0173-y

    authors: Thomas SL,Randle M,Bestman A,Pitt H,Bowe SJ,Cowlishaw S,Daube M

    更新日期:2017-07-25 00:00:00

  • Seeking safety: a focus group study of young adults' cannabis-related attitudes, and behavior in a state with legalized recreational cannabis.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Only July 1, 2017, Nevada became the fifth US state to allow the legal sale of recreational cannabis products for adults ages of 21 and over. This study investigates young adults' cannabis-related attitudes, perceptions, and behaviors in a state where recreational and medical cannabis use was recently legali...

    journal_title:Harm reduction journal

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1186/s12954-020-00442-8

    authors: Amroussia N,Watanabe M,Pearson JL

    更新日期:2020-11-26 00:00:00

  • Hookah smoking and cancer: carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) levels in exclusive/ever hookah smokers.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:We have recently published some work on CEA levels in hookah (also called narghile, shisha elsewhere) and cigarette smokers. Hookah smokers had higher levels of CEA than non-smokers although mean levels were low compared to cigarette smokers. However some of them were also users of other tobacco products (ci...

    journal_title:Harm reduction journal

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1186/1477-7517-5-19

    authors: Sajid KM,Chaouachi K,Mahmood R

    更新日期:2008-05-24 00:00:00

  • Motivation for smoking cessation among drug-using smokers under methadone maintenance treatment in Vietnam.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Smoking cessation treatment service is concerned to be a critical element in methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) in order to diminish the effect of smoke on health outcomes. To implement the smoking cessation services in Vietnam, we examined the stages of change to quit and determined associated factors am...

    journal_title:Harm reduction journal

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1186/s12954-015-0085-7

    authors: Tran BX,Nguyen LH,Do HP,Nguyen NP,Phan HT,Dunne M,Latkin C

    更新日期:2015-10-30 00:00:00

  • Geographic distribution of risk ("Hotspots") for HIV, HCV, and drug overdose among persons who use drugs in New York City: the importance of local history.

    abstract:AIMS:To identify geographic "hotspots" for potential transmission of HIV and HCV and for drug overdose among persons who use heroin and cocaine in New York City and to examine historical continuities in problem drug use hotspots in the city. METHODS:A total of 2714 study participants were recruited among persons enter...

    journal_title:Harm reduction journal

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1186/s12954-019-0326-2

    authors: Des Jarlais DC,McKnight C,Arasteh K,Feelemyer J,Ross Z,Cooper HLF

    更新日期:2019-09-02 00:00:00

  • Community-based HIV prevention research among substance-using women in survival sex work: the Maka Project Partnership.

    abstract::Substance-using women who exchange sex for money, drugs or shelter as a means of basic subsistence (ie. survival sex) have remained largely at the periphery of HIV and harm reduction policies and services across Canadian cities. This is notwithstanding global evidence of the multiple harms faced by this population, in...

    journal_title:Harm reduction journal

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1186/1477-7517-4-20

    authors: Shannon K,Bright V,Allinott S,Alexson D,Gibson K,Tyndall MW,Maka Project Partnership.

    更新日期:2007-12-08 00:00:00

  • Are empty methadone bottles empty? An analytic study.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Methadone maintenance treatment is the most widely prescribed treatment for opiate dependence with proven benefits for patients. In naïve users or in case of recreational misuse, methadone can be a source of potentially lethal intoxications, resulting in fatal overdoses. A few cases of infantile intoxication...

    journal_title:Harm reduction journal

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1186/1477-7517-11-20

    authors: Dupuy G,Cavalcanti L,Bourgogne E,Brichant-Petitjean C,Gomberoff L,Bloch V,Bellivier F,Lépine JP,Laprévote O,Vorspan F

    更新日期:2014-07-02 00:00:00

  • A national model of remote care for assessing and providing opioid agonist treatment during the COVID-19 pandemic: a report.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Health services globally are struggling to manage the impact of COVID-19. The existing global disease burden related to opioid use is significant. Particularly challenging groups include older drug users who are more vulnerable to the effects of COVID-19. Increasing access to safe and effective opioid agonis...

    journal_title:Harm reduction journal

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1186/s12954-020-00394-z

    authors: Crowley D,Delargy I

    更新日期:2020-07-17 00:00:00