Abstract:
BACKGROUND:In Cambodia, HIV prevalence among female entertainment and sex workers (FESW) is up to twenty times higher than in the general population. Use of amphetamine-type stimulants (ATS) has been associated with increased risk of HIV and other sexually transmitted infections in key populations, including FESW. While one in four Cambodian FESW report recent ATS use, little attention has been paid to how the occupational contexts of sex work shape patterns of use. Currently, no HIV prevention interventions target ATS use in this population. METHODS:We conducted in-depth interviews with FESW (n = 30) with the goal of exploring experiences and motivations for ATS use and informing the development of a conditional cash transfer (CCT) intervention designed to reduce ATS use and HIV risk. Interviews were conducted and transcribed in Khmer and translated into English. Interview narratives were read and re-read and emerging themes reviewed and refined to develop an initial coding scheme. Data were formally coded using both open and axial coding to clarify and consolidate initial themes. RESULTS:The most common driver of ATS use among FESW was increased functionality. ATS was seen as a performance enhancer, acting as an appetite suppressant and enabling women to meet the physiological demands of sex work, including long working hours, multiple clients and extended sexual transactions. While our results are consistent with studies linking ATS use to heightened sexual risk, via unprotected and/or prolonged sex, for women in the current study, the negative consequences of ATS use were outweighed by perceived functional benefits. CONCLUSIONS:FESW in Cambodia harness the pharmacological properties of ATS to meet the physiological demands of sex work in a context of limited economic opportunities. There is an urgent need to both provide Cambodian women with options for income generation that do not risk their health and to better regulate the conditions of sex work to provide safer working environments. Structural and economic interventions, including CCT programmes, combined with awareness and enforcement of sex workers' rights, are also necessary to facilitate harm reduction and occupational health and work safety within the Cambodian sex and entertainment industry.
journal_name
Harm Reduct Jjournal_title
Harm reduction journalauthors
Dixon TC,Ngak S,Stein E,Carrico A,Page K,Maher Ldoi
10.1186/s12954-015-0068-8subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2015-10-16 00:00:00pages
33issn
1477-7517pii
10.1186/s12954-015-0068-8journal_volume
12pub_type
杂志文章abstract:BACKGROUND:Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a global epidemic with an estimated 71 million people infected worldwide. People who inject drugs (PWID) are overrepresented in prison populations globally and have higher levels of HCV infection than the general population. Despite increased access to primary health care...
journal_title:Harm reduction journal
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1186/s12954-018-0269-z
更新日期:2018-12-11 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Patients with opioid use disorder (OUD) frequently present to the emergency department for acute treatment of overdose and withdrawal. CASE PRESENTATION:A 29-year-old male presented to the emergency room after intravenous heroin use followed by accidental ingestion of naltrexone. He was treated with bupreno...
journal_title:Harm reduction journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12954-020-00417-9
更新日期:2020-10-07 00:00:00
abstract::This article examines harm reduction from a novel perspective. Its central thesis is that harm reduction is not only a social concept, but also a biological one. More specifically, evolution does not make moral distinctions in the selection process, but utilizes a cannabis-based approach to harm reduction in order to ...
journal_title:Harm reduction journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1477-7517-2-17
更新日期:2005-09-22 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:We utilized multiple recruitment approaches to recruit IDUs in a longitudinal cohort study to examine HIV incidence and behavior change pre- and post-introduction of comprehensive HIV prevention services. METHODS:IDUs were recruited through peer referral, targeted outreach by outreach workers (ORWs) and as ...
journal_title:Harm reduction journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1477-7517-10-16
更新日期:2013-09-25 00:00:00
abstract::BACKGROUND: Harm reduction is a relatively new and controversial model for treating drug users, with little formal research on its operation and effectiveness. In order to advance the study of harm reduction programs and our understanding of how drug users define their progress, qualitative research was conducted to d...
journal_title:Harm reduction journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1477-7517-1-8
更新日期:2004-08-26 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Recovery from substance use disorder (SUD) is often considered at odds with harm reduction strategies. More recently, harm reduction has been categorized as both a pathway to recovery and a series of services to reduce the harmful consequences of substance use. Peer recovery support services (PRSS) are effec...
journal_title:Harm reduction journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12954-018-0258-2
更新日期:2018-10-22 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Illicit drug users have a high prevalence of HCV and represent the majority of newly infected persons in the U.S. Despite the availability of effective HCV treatment, few drug users have been evaluated or treated for HCV. Racial and ethnic minorities have a higher incidence and prevalence of HCV and higher H...
journal_title:Harm reduction journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1477-7517-10-10
更新日期:2013-06-20 00:00:00
abstract:: In their commentary, Dar and Frenk call into question the validity of all published data that describe the onset of nicotine addiction. They argue that the data that describe the early onset of nicotine addiction is so different from the conventional wisdom that it is irrelevant. In this rebuttal, the author argues t...
journal_title:Harm reduction journal
pub_type: 社论
doi:10.1186/1477-7517-7-26
更新日期:2010-11-04 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:People who inject drugs (PWID) are disproportionally affected by the hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. In the Netherlands, active HCV transmission in PWID has practically been halted but uptake of HCV testing and linkage to care remains insufficient in this risk group. A national HCV in Addiction Care (HAC)...
journal_title:Harm reduction journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12954-019-0316-4
更新日期:2019-07-15 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Injection drug use is on the rise in the USA, and skin and soft tissue infections (SSTI) are a common complication, resulting in significant morbidity and mortality. Due to structural barriers to care-seeking, many people who inject drugs avoid formal care and resort to self-care techniques, but little is kn...
journal_title:Harm reduction journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12954-019-0345-z
更新日期:2019-12-12 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:To understand the limits of HCV screening programs to reach all drug users (DUs). METHOD:The association of the recruitment of a representative sample of a population of DUs in a specific area with the use of a questionnaire that included 250 items allowed the use of uni- and multifactorial analysis to expl...
journal_title:Harm reduction journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12954-018-0264-4
更新日期:2018-12-12 00:00:00
abstract::Harm reduction is a controversial model for treating drug users, with little formal research available on its operation and effectiveness. In order to advance the field, we first conducted participatory research of harm reduction with 120 clients using nominal-group technique to develop culturally relevant outcomes to...
journal_title:Harm reduction journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1477-7517-1-7
更新日期:2004-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:During the 1990s, the New York Police Department (NYPD) greatly expanded arrests for smoking marijuana in public view (MPV). By 2000, MPV accounted for 15% of all arrests. The NYPD's supporters report this arrest activity is just part of quality-of-life (QOL) policing, which seeks to promote order in public ...
journal_title:Harm reduction journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1477-7517-3-22
更新日期:2006-08-04 00:00:00
abstract:UNLABELLED:This qualitative study of travel-related risk behaviours of Slovene injection drug users was based on interviews with individuals enrolled in drug addiction treatment programmes run by three regional centres for prevention and treatment of drug addiction. The primary objective of the study was to analyse beh...
journal_title:Harm reduction journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1477-7517-8-8
更新日期:2011-04-17 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:There are few studies of mortality amongst people who inject drugs (PWID) in Australia. In this study, we estimate mortality in a cohort of PWID in Melbourne and examine predictors of mortality including health service use, demographic characteristics, drug use and personal wellbeing. FINDINGS:We linked ide...
journal_title:Harm reduction journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12954-015-0089-3
更新日期:2015-12-09 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:The aim of this study is to identify the profiles of young people who use drugs (YPUD) and their exposure to HIV risks in the 3 main cities of Vietnam, Haiphong, Hanoi, and Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC), in order to design a community-based intervention to prevent HIV. METHODS:A survey using respondent-driven s...
journal_title:Harm reduction journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12954-020-00357-4
更新日期:2020-02-24 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Treatment of hepatitis C (HCV) among people who inject drugs (PWID) is a critical component of efforts to eliminate viral hepatitis. A recent study found high HCV prevalence among PWID in two cities, Pretoria (84%) and Cape Town (44%). Very few (< 5%) HCV-infected individuals attended follow-up appointments....
journal_title:Harm reduction journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12954-020-00382-3
更新日期:2020-06-10 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Condom provision is one of the most effective harm reduction interventions to control sexually transmitted infections (STIs) including HIV/AIDS and viral hepatitis in prisons. Yet, very few countries around the world provide prisoners with condoms. The present study aimed to elucidate principles of effective...
journal_title:Harm reduction journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12954-021-00462-y
更新日期:2021-01-28 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:In 2016, the Australian federal government passed legislation enabling a range of cannabis-based products to be prescribed to patients by registered healthcare professionals. An online survey conducted immediately prior to these legislative changes found that the vast majority of respondents at the time were...
journal_title:Harm reduction journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12954-020-00377-0
更新日期:2020-06-08 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Stigma and discrimination may adversely affect the benefits of methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) for drug users, especially in disadvantaged settings. This study assessed stigma and discrimination against MMT patients in the mountainous and rural areas in Vietnam and explored their associated factors to ...
journal_title:Harm reduction journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12954-016-0127-9
更新日期:2017-01-06 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a major cause of drug-related morbidity and mortality, with incidence data implicating a wide range of HCV transmission risk practices. The Blood-Borne Virus Transmission Risk Assessment Questionnaire (BBV-TRAQ) is a content valid instrument that comprehensively assesses HCV ri...
journal_title:Harm reduction journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1477-7517-5-12
更新日期:2008-04-23 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Options for opioid agonist therapy (OAT) are expanding with the development of prolonged-release (also known as extended-release) 1-week, 1-month, and 6-month formulations of buprenorphine. There is an assumption that patients will welcome these new treatments and medication adherence will correspondingly in...
journal_title:Harm reduction journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12954-019-0296-4
更新日期:2019-04-03 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Gambling has quickly emerged as an important global public health issue. With new technologies used to develop high intensity gambling products and promotions aimed at driving consumption, public health organisations and researchers, community groups, and politicians have argued for a range of regulatory and...
journal_title:Harm reduction journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12954-017-0173-y
更新日期:2017-07-25 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Only July 1, 2017, Nevada became the fifth US state to allow the legal sale of recreational cannabis products for adults ages of 21 and over. This study investigates young adults' cannabis-related attitudes, perceptions, and behaviors in a state where recreational and medical cannabis use was recently legali...
journal_title:Harm reduction journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12954-020-00442-8
更新日期:2020-11-26 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:We have recently published some work on CEA levels in hookah (also called narghile, shisha elsewhere) and cigarette smokers. Hookah smokers had higher levels of CEA than non-smokers although mean levels were low compared to cigarette smokers. However some of them were also users of other tobacco products (ci...
journal_title:Harm reduction journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1477-7517-5-19
更新日期:2008-05-24 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Smoking cessation treatment service is concerned to be a critical element in methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) in order to diminish the effect of smoke on health outcomes. To implement the smoking cessation services in Vietnam, we examined the stages of change to quit and determined associated factors am...
journal_title:Harm reduction journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12954-015-0085-7
更新日期:2015-10-30 00:00:00
abstract:AIMS:To identify geographic "hotspots" for potential transmission of HIV and HCV and for drug overdose among persons who use heroin and cocaine in New York City and to examine historical continuities in problem drug use hotspots in the city. METHODS:A total of 2714 study participants were recruited among persons enter...
journal_title:Harm reduction journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12954-019-0326-2
更新日期:2019-09-02 00:00:00
abstract::Substance-using women who exchange sex for money, drugs or shelter as a means of basic subsistence (ie. survival sex) have remained largely at the periphery of HIV and harm reduction policies and services across Canadian cities. This is notwithstanding global evidence of the multiple harms faced by this population, in...
journal_title:Harm reduction journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1477-7517-4-20
更新日期:2007-12-08 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Methadone maintenance treatment is the most widely prescribed treatment for opiate dependence with proven benefits for patients. In naïve users or in case of recreational misuse, methadone can be a source of potentially lethal intoxications, resulting in fatal overdoses. A few cases of infantile intoxication...
journal_title:Harm reduction journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1477-7517-11-20
更新日期:2014-07-02 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Health services globally are struggling to manage the impact of COVID-19. The existing global disease burden related to opioid use is significant. Particularly challenging groups include older drug users who are more vulnerable to the effects of COVID-19. Increasing access to safe and effective opioid agonis...
journal_title:Harm reduction journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12954-020-00394-z
更新日期:2020-07-17 00:00:00