Abstract:
:It is difficult to distinguish influx and efflux of inorganic C in photosynthesizing tissues; this article examines what is known and where there are gaps in knowledge. Irreversible decarboxylases produce CO2, and CO2 is the substrate/product of enzymes that act as carboxylases and decarboxylases. Some irreversible carboxylases use CO2; others use HCO3(-). The relative role of permeation through the lipid bilayer versus movement through CO2-selective membrane proteins in the downhill, non-energized, movement of CO2 is not clear. Passive permeation explains most CO2 entry, including terrestrial and aquatic organisms with C3 physiology and biochemistry, terrestrial C4 plants and all crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) plants, as well as being part of some mechanisms of HCO3(-) use in CO2 concentrating mechanism (CCM) function, although further work is needed to test the mechanism in some cases. However, there is some evidence of active CO2 influx at the plasmalemma of algae. HCO3(-) active influx at the plasmalemma underlies all cyanobacterial and some algal CCMs. HCO3(-) can also enter some algal chloroplasts, probably as part of a CCM. The high intracellular CO2 and HCO3(-) pools consequent upon CCMs result in leakage involving CO2, and occasionally HCO3(-). Leakage from cyanobacterial and microalgal CCMs involves up to half, but sometimes more, of the gross inorganic C entering in the CCM; leakage from terrestrial C4 plants is lower in most environments. Little is known of leakage from other organisms with CCMs, though given the leakage better-examined organisms, leakage occurs and increases the energetic cost of net carbon assimilation.
journal_name
J Exp Botjournal_title
Journal of experimental botanyauthors
Raven JA,Beardall Jdoi
10.1093/jxb/erv451subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2016-01-01 00:00:00pages
1-13issue
1eissn
0022-0957issn
1460-2431pii
erv451journal_volume
67pub_type
杂志文章abstract::It has been hypothesized that the substantial reductions in xylemic water flow occurring at veraison are due to physical disruption (breaking) of the xylem as a result of renewed berry growth. In a companion paper, evidence was presented that the vast majority of xylem tracheary elements remained intact despite the gr...
journal_title:Journal of experimental botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jxb/ern061
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cuticles envelope primary surfaces of the above-ground portion of plants. They function as barriers to water movement and to gas exchange, and in pathogen defense. To serve as a barrier on growing organs, cuticles must remain intact but at the same time must accommodate ongoing growth. Minimizing cuticle failure has s...
journal_title:Journal of experimental botany
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1093/jxb/erx265
更新日期:2017-11-09 00:00:00
abstract::Plants show varied cellular responses to salinity that are partly associated with maintaining low cytosolic Na(+) levels and a high K(+)/Na(+) ratio. Plant metabolites change with elevated Na(+), some changes are likely to help restore osmotic balance while others protect Na(+)-sensitive proteins. Metabolic responses ...
journal_title:Journal of experimental botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jxb/erp243
更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In spite of the importance of respiration in forest carbon budgets, the mechanisms by which physiological factors control stem respiration are unclear. An experiment was set up in a Eucalyptus globulus plantation in central Portugal with monoculture stands of 5-year-old and 10-year-old trees. CO(2) efflux from stems u...
journal_title:Journal of experimental botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jxb/ern272
更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Accounting for almost one-fifth of the primary production on Earth, the unicellular eukaryotic group of diatoms plays a key ecological and biogeochemical role in our contemporary oceans. Furthermore, as producers of various lipids and pigments, and characterized by their finely ornamented silica cell wall, diatoms hol...
journal_title:Journal of experimental botany
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1093/jxb/ert387
更新日期:2014-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Constitutive over-expression of a maize sucrose-phosphate synthase (SPS) gene in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) had major effects on leaf carbohydrate budgets with consequences for whole plant development. Transgenic tobacco plants flowered earlier and had greater flower numbers than wild-type plants. These changes were ...
journal_title:Journal of experimental botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jxb/erg196
更新日期:2003-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Metabolic and physiological analyses of Arabidopsis thaliana glycolate oxidase (GOX) mutant leaves were performed to understand the development of the photorespiratory phenotype after transfer from high CO2 to air. We show that two Arabidopsis genes, GOX1 and GOX2, share a redundant photorespiratory role. Air-grown si...
journal_title:Journal of experimental botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jxb/erw054
更新日期:2016-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Studies of the hydraulic properties of xylem vessels have been limited to measurements of whole plant or whole stem segments. This approach allows the longitudinal transport properties of the ensemble of vessels within a stem to be determined, but provides little information on radial transport. Here the xylem of Frax...
journal_title:Journal of experimental botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2001-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Photosystem (PS) II is the multisubunit complex which uses light energy to split water, providing the reducing equivalents needed for photosynthesis. The complex is susceptible to damage from environmental stresses such as excess excitation energy and high temperature. This research investigated the in vivo photosynth...
journal_title:Journal of experimental botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jxb/ers156
更新日期:2012-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Radial oxygen loss (ROL) and root porosity of rice (Oryza sativa L.) plants grown in either aerated or deoxygenated (stagnant) conditions were combined for the first time with extensive histochemical and biochemical studies of the apoplastic barriers in the roots' peripheral cell layers. Growth in stagnant solution si...
journal_title:Journal of experimental botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jxb/erp089
更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::A cDNA clone was selected as a candidate for the catalytic subunit of phospho-pyruvate dehydrogenase phosphatase (PDP) by screening a Zea mays expressed sequence tag database with the bovine PDP deduced amino acid sequence. Both strands of the cDNA were completely sequenced. The maize clone contains an open reading fr...
journal_title:Journal of experimental botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2001-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Heat-shock protein 90 (HSP90) is a highly conserved molecular chaperone that is involved in modulating a multitude of cellular processes under both physiological and stress conditions. In Arabidopsis, there are seven HSP90 isoforms (HSP90.1-HSP90.7) that are localized in the cytoplasm/nucleus, mitochondrion, chloropla...
journal_title:Journal of experimental botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jxb/eru403
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::An indica variety Takanari is known as one of the most productive rice varieties in Japan and consistently produces 20-30% heavier dry matter during ripening than Japanese commercial varieties in the field. The higher rate of photosynthesis of individual leaves during ripening has been recognized in Takanari. By using...
journal_title:Journal of experimental botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jxb/err126
更新日期:2011-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::In Arabidopsis, 20 genes encode putative glutamate receptor-like proteins (AtGLRs). However, the functions of most genes are unknown. In this study, our results revealed that loss of function of AtGLR3.6 (atglr3.6-1) leads to reduced primary root growth and fewer lateral roots, whereas AtGLR3.6 overexpression induced ...
journal_title:Journal of experimental botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jxb/erv576
更新日期:2016-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Arabinogalactan proteins (AGPs) comprise a family of hydroxyproline-rich glycoproteins that are implicated in plant growth and development. In this study, 69 AGPs are identified from the rice genome, including 13 classical AGPs, 15 arabinogalactan (AG) peptides, three non-classical AGPs, three early nodulin-like AGPs ...
journal_title:Journal of experimental botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jxb/erq104
更新日期:2010-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The volatile compounds released by orthodox (desiccation-tolerant) seeds during ageing can be analysed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Comparison of three legume species (Pisum sativum, Lathyrus pratensis, and Cytisus scoparius) during artificial ageing at 60% relative humidity and 50 °C revealed v...
journal_title:Journal of experimental botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jxb/ers307
更新日期:2012-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::We previously identified the W-box-like-4 (Wbl-4) element (GTAGTGACTCAT), one of six Wbl elements in the BjC-P promoter of the unusual chitinase gene BjCHI1 from Brassica juncea, as the core element responsive to fungal infection. Here, we report the isolation and characterization of the cognate transcription factor i...
journal_title:Journal of experimental botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jxb/erw240
更新日期:2016-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::One crucial problem that plants faced during their evolution, particularly during the transition to growth on land, was how to transport water, nutrients, metabolites, and small signaling molecules within a large, multicellular body. As a solution to this problem, land plants developed specific tissues for conducting ...
journal_title:Journal of experimental botany
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1093/jxb/erw473
更新日期:2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Rates of photosynthesis can be lower in plants grown under conditions of high leaf-to-air vapour pressure difference (VPD) than under low VPD. Leaf phenotype plasticity is a primary factor determining photosynthetic responses to environmental stimuli. However, it remains unclear how changes in leaf anatomical traits d...
journal_title:Journal of experimental botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jxb/erz238
更新日期:2019-09-24 00:00:00
abstract::Total spikelet number per panicle (TSN) is one of the determinants of grain productivity in rice (Oryza sativa L.). In this study, we attempted to detect quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for TSN in the introgression lines with high TSN, derived from the cross of Indica Group variety IR 64 with new plant type lines. Two ...
journal_title:Journal of experimental botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jxb/erx128
更新日期:2017-05-17 00:00:00
abstract::Plants require the function of plasma membrane-bound sulphate transporters for the initial uptake of inorganic sulphate. Part of this fundamental process is the energy-dependent proton/sulphate co-transport systems that are located in the surface cell layers of roots. During sulphur limitation, plants are able to acti...
journal_title:Journal of experimental botany
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1093/jxb/erh175
更新日期:2004-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Grain development and its evolution in grasses remains poorly understood, despite cereals being our most important source of food. The grain, for which many grass species have been domesticated, is a single-seeded fruit with prominent and persistent endosperm. Brachypodium distachyon, a small wild grass, is being posi...
journal_title:Journal of experimental botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jxb/erq309
更新日期:2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are important transcriptional and post-transcriptional modulators of gene expression that play crucial roles in the responses to diverse stresses. To explore jasmonic acid (JA)-dependent miRNA-mediated regulatory networks that are responsive to root-knot nematode (RKN), two small RNA libraries were ...
journal_title:Journal of experimental botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jxb/erv238
更新日期:2015-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Understanding how green sink strength is regulated in planta poses a difficult problem because non-structural carbohydrate (NSC) levels can have integrated, simultaneous feedback effects on photosynthesis, sugar uptake, and respiration that depend on specific NSC moieties. Photosynthetic gametophytes of the fern Cerat...
journal_title:Journal of experimental botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jxb/erq407
更新日期:2011-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cytokinins are plant hormones involved in regulation of diverse developmental and physiological processes in plants whose molecular mechanisms of action are being intensely researched. However, most rapid responses to cytokinin signals at the proteomic and phosphoproteomic levels are unknown. Early cytokinin responses...
journal_title:Journal of experimental botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jxb/erq322
更新日期:2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Hydration at low temperatures, commonly referred to as cold stratification, is widely used for releasing dormancy and triggering germination in a wide range of species including wheat. However, the molecular mechanism that underlies its effect on germination has largely remained unknown. Our previous studies showed th...
journal_title:Journal of experimental botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jxb/erw172
更新日期:2016-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Plant height (PH), a crucial trait related to yield potential in crop plants, is known to be typically quantitatively inherited. However, its full expression can be inhibited by a limited water supply. In this study, the genetic basis of the developmental behaviour of PH was assessed in a 150-line wheat (Triticum aest...
journal_title:Journal of experimental botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jxb/erq117
更新日期:2010-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Floral scent is an important factor in attracting pollinators and repelling florivores. In Phalaenopsis bellina (Orchidaceae), the major floral scent components are monoterpenoids. Previously, we determined that expression of GERANYL DIPHOSPHATE SYNTHASE (PbGDPS) is highly correlated with monoterpene biosynthesis in P...
journal_title:Journal of experimental botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jxb/ery246
更新日期:2018-08-14 00:00:00
abstract::In order to investigate the physiological role of ethylene in the initiation and subsequent progression of softening, pear fruit were treated with propylene, an analogue of ethylene or 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP), a gaseous inhibitor of ethylene action at the preclimacteric or ripening stages. The propylene treatment...
journal_title:Journal of experimental botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jxb/erg073
更新日期:2003-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ethylene is a gaseous hormone that affects many processes of plant growth and development. During vascular development, ethylene positively regulates cambial cell division in parallel with tracheary element differentiation inhibitory factor (TDIF) peptide signaling. In this study, we identified an ethylene overproduci...
journal_title:Journal of experimental botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jxb/eraa423
更新日期:2020-12-31 00:00:00