Abstract:
:There are currently over 7000 patients enrolled in opioid maintenance treatment (OMT) programs in Norway. A rise in methadone-related deaths proportional to increasing methadone sales over the period 2000-2006 has been observed, but the causative factors for these fatalities have been elusive. In the present study, individual characteristics, methadone concentrations and additional toxicological findings were analyzed. Methadone intoxication deaths (n = 264) were divided into 3 groups according to toxicological findings in whole blood: group 1 - methadone detected alone, or together with one additional drug at low or therapeutic levels, or a low concentration of ethanol (<1 g/L) (n = 21); group 2 - multiple additional drugs/substances detected below lethal levels (n = 175); group 3 - one or more additional drugs/substances detected at lethal levels, or ethanol >3 g/L (n = 55). Methadone blood concentrations in decedents who had been enrolled in OMT were higher than for decedents not in treatment, in all groups. Blood methadone concentrations around 1 mg/L were present in fatal multi-drug intoxications in OMT patients. Results suggest that some patients may be at risk of dying when combining therapeutic concentrations of methadone with other psychoactive substances. Somatic disease was a common finding among deceased OMT patients. Concentrations in methadone users not enrolled in OMT were predominantly between 0.3 and 0.4 mg/L and were not related to the presence of other drugs. However, methadone concentrations below 0.1 mg/L may be associated with intoxication following methadone use, both alone and in combination with other drugs. Younger male users (mean age 34 years) seemed to have a higher susceptibility to methadone intoxication.
journal_name
J Forensic Leg Medjournal_title
Journal of forensic and legal medicineauthors
Bernard JP,Khiabani HZ,Hilberg T,Karinen R,Slørdal L,Waal H,Mørland Jdoi
10.1016/j.jflm.2015.09.011subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2015-11-01 00:00:00pages
114-20eissn
1752-928Xissn
1878-7487pii
S1752-928X(15)00178-Xjournal_volume
36pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Traumatic (crush) asphyxia is a rare condition caused by severe compression of the chest and trunk leading to often extreme so-called asphyxial signs, including cyanosis in head and neck regions, multiple petechiae, and subconjunctival haemorrhage as well as neurological manifestations. AIMS:To investigate the neurop...
journal_title:Journal of forensic and legal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jflm.2017.08.009
更新日期:2017-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Whether levels of fetal hemoglobin (HbF), a possible marker of antecedent hypoxemia, are increased in sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) compared to controls is unresolved. Our aims are to: (1) Compare percent fetal hemoglobin (%HbF) levels in SIDS and control cases, and (2) compare our findings with those reported i...
journal_title:Journal of forensic and legal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jflm.2006.11.005
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abstract::Female circumcision is a frank picture of female child abuse that is practised widely in many countries especially in Africa. This procedure is considered a fundamental violation of human rights. The procedure is expected to be declining in Egypt in response to the recent medicolegal litigation in 2007. The aim of thi...
journal_title:Journal of forensic and legal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jflm.2011.12.013
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abstract:BACKGROUND:Most of the protocols described for obtaining DNA from dental tissues are methods that involve major laboratory equipment and many hours of work. They are also methodologies that almost destroy the tooth. AIM:Our aim was to develop an innovative workflow for optimizing dental DNA extraction from teeth. Our ...
journal_title:Journal of forensic and legal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jflm.2020.101992
更新日期:2020-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND AND AIM:Previous studies have shown that the collo-diaphysial angle varies by race and sex in different populations. This study was performed to compare the femoral head parameters in the two sexes using pelvic radiography in Iranian adults during the August 2011 to August 2012 period. MATERIALS AND METHODS...
journal_title:Journal of forensic and legal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jflm.2014.01.004
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abstract:INTRODUCTION:Brainstem haemorrhage is common in cases of head injury when it is associated with space-occupying lesion and increases in the intracranial pressure (duret haemorrhage), in cases of diffuse axonal injury (in dorso-lateral quadrant) and diffuses vascular injury (in the periventricular tissue). However focal...
journal_title:Journal of forensic and legal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jflm.2011.12.015
更新日期:2012-04-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of forensic and legal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jflm.2007.12.006
更新日期:2008-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Injury to the male external genitalia is relatively uncommon when compared with other parts of the human body. Trauma to external genitalia could result from accidents involving motor vehicles, power farm machinery, gun shot and stab injuries. We present a rare case of traumatic degloving injury of male external genit...
journal_title:Journal of forensic and legal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jflm.2008.05.020
更新日期:2008-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Foot impressions are of utmost importance in crime scene investigations. Foot impressions are available in the form of barefoot prints, sock-clad footprints, and as impressions within footwear. Sometimes suspects leave their footwear at the crime scene, and the insole of this footwear may contain the foot impression o...
journal_title:Journal of forensic and legal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jflm.2017.09.005
更新日期:2017-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::A new strategy for sexual assault and abuse services was published by NHS England earlier this year. It called for better coordination of services along the Sexual Assault Referral Centre (SARC) pathway following a sexual assault including mental health services for children, young people and adults. Previous research...
journal_title:Journal of forensic and legal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jflm.2019.04.001
更新日期:2019-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Individuals deemed Not Guilty by Reason of Insanity (NGRI) by the courts, under Article 20 of the Portuguese Criminal Code, have often committed very serious crimes. It is unreasonable to consider that these patients were usually kept without adequate supervision after the security measure had been declared extinct. T...
journal_title:Journal of forensic and legal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jflm.2015.11.018
更新日期:2016-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Wooden planks of different dimensions are commonly used in construction of buildings, fence of houses, bullock-carts and walls of huts. There is plenty of opportunity for wooden plants to be used as assault implements. Three cases of homicide are reported. In each case a wooden plank was the weapon of offence. The cau...
journal_title:Journal of forensic and legal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jflm.2007.04.002
更新日期:2008-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The presence of insects on human cadavers has potential judicial value in medicolegal cases. This research emphasized the important role of insects in postmortem decomposition. It was conducted to investigate the composition and abundance of insects from human corpses during autopsies in legal medicine. It was impleme...
journal_title:Journal of forensic and legal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jflm.2017.12.016
更新日期:2018-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study aims to provide descriptive data regarding male victims of sexual assault seen at the Centre for Victims of Sexual Assault in Copenhagen, Denmark. All 55 male victims attending the center in the time period of March 2001 until December 2010 underwent a standardized data collection. Data included information...
journal_title:Journal of forensic and legal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jflm.2016.06.007
更新日期:2016-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::It is generally recognized that usable DNA may be retained in dry biological stains for years. We have explored the environmental limits for this property. Air-dried blood stains were incubated at different conditions of relative humidity (RH) and temperature. The quality of the extracted DNA was assessed by the abili...
journal_title:Journal of forensic and legal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jflm.2010.08.001
更新日期:2010-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::These days we have fast paced traffic on our roads to help us keep up with our fast paced life. But every boon has a down side and our high velocity traffic is no exception. Here is a case report of a blunt abdominal injury following a road traffic accident. Externally the deceased had only a few grazed abrasions on t...
journal_title:Journal of forensic and legal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jflm.2013.10.007
更新日期:2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Post-mortem radiology and autopsy findings in a series of six diving-related deaths are presented. The cases had different causes of death but essentially similar radiological findings. We propose that the so-called classical radiological features of cerebral arterial gas embolism more likely represent "off-gassing" (...
journal_title:Journal of forensic and legal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jflm.2008.12.011
更新日期:2009-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Assessment of suspected cardiac injuries in a trauma setting is a challenging and time-critical matter, with clinical and imaging findings having complementary roles in the formation of an accurate diagnosis. In this article, we review the supporting literature for the pathophysiology, classification and evaluation of...
journal_title:Journal of forensic and legal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.jflm.2017.08.013
更新日期:2017-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Determining the prevalence and characteristics of female-perpetrated child sexual abuse (CSA) is fraught with difficultly. There is a historical lack of empirical research and a discrepancy between the number of cases that reach the attention of the authorities and its suspected prevalence in society. It is ...
journal_title:Journal of forensic and legal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jflm.2020.102112
更新日期:2021-01-07 00:00:00
abstract::There are competing requirements between organ donation for transplantation and coronial/forensic investigation. Both require access to the body of the deceased. Optimally preserving physical evidence may reduce availability of organs for life saving transplants. Performing organ retrieval could impact on death determ...
journal_title:Journal of forensic and legal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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abstract::The aim of this study was to assess whether Neisseria meningitidis, Listeria monocytogenes, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae can be identified using the polymerase chain reaction technique in the cerebrospinal fluid of severely decomposed bodies with known, noninfectious causes of death or whether p...
journal_title:Journal of forensic and legal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jflm.2014.12.012
更新日期:2015-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Multiple self-inflicted gunshot wounds are rare and usually present a challenge to the forensic pathologist in determining the manner of death. Determining a person's capability to act following a gunshot wound can be of major importance in crime scene reconstruction and in differentiation between homicide and suicide...
journal_title:Journal of forensic and legal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jflm.2011.06.017
更新日期:2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Paternity disputes and other forms of kinship testing are routinely resolved using short tandem repeat (STR) DNA loci. Sibship determination is encountered in instances where the DNA profiles of two individuals are compared to determine if they are siblings. If either parent is available for testing then the situation...
journal_title:Journal of forensic and legal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jflm.2007.12.018
更新日期:2008-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Alcohol absorption and elimination vary considerably amongst individuals, and are subject to influences from a variety of factors. The effects of alcohol concentration and beverage mixer type on the rate of alcohol absorption, in a controlled environment was studied. 21 subjects (12 male, 9 female) consumed a solution...
journal_title:Journal of forensic and legal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jflm.2006.12.010
更新日期:2007-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Sudden cardiac deaths constitute a major health problem. Most cases are attributed to cardiomyopathies, coronary artery diseases and functional dysregulations. Sudden death in an adult due to a primitive cardiac tumor is a rare occurrence. In the following, we present a case of an adult male who died from an undiagnos...
journal_title:Journal of forensic and legal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jflm.2010.08.009
更新日期:2010-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:In recent years, suicide in children and adolescents has increased considerably, becoming the second cause of death in this age group. Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify characteristics and factors that could precipitate deaths by suicide in children and adolescents. METHODS:Using the psycholog...
journal_title:Journal of forensic and legal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jflm.2017.10.002
更新日期:2017-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::During the investigation of sexual assault, penile swabs from an alleged perpetrator are processed as part of the routine procedure. The results of the forensic DNA analysis may subsequently be presented in court. Documentation on the expectancy of finding female cells on post-coital penile swabs is scarce. Reviews fr...
journal_title:Journal of forensic and legal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jflm.2012.02.029
更新日期:2012-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The presence of semen is generally accepted as evidence in sexual assault cases prosecution. Detection of sperm is confirmation of semen; however, sperm cannot always be detected. Prostate specific antigen (PSA) and semenogelin (Sg) are used as semen biomarkers. We compared the detection rate and persistence of sperm,...
journal_title:Journal of forensic and legal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jflm.2017.12.017
更新日期:2018-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Research has shown a higher prevalence of individuals lying dead unnoticed in their homes (domestic-setting corpses) in Amsterdam, compared to adjacent less urbanized cities and villages. OBJECTIVE:To determine if there is a difference in incidence of domestic-setting corpses in the four major cities in the...
journal_title:Journal of forensic and legal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jflm.2020.102008
更新日期:2020-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::A case is presented of a fatal environmental accidental injuries of lightning. A pedestrian was struck by lightning. The macroscopic and microscopic lightning injuries are reviewed. ...
journal_title:Journal of forensic and legal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jflm.2008.07.009
更新日期:2009-04-01 00:00:00