Abstract:
:Cinnabar is a natural mercury sulfide (HgS) mineral of volcanic or hydrothermal origin that is found worldwide. It has been mined prehistorically and historically in China, Japan, Europe, and the Americas to extract metallic mercury (Hg(0)) for use in metallurgy, as a medicinal, a preservative, and as a red pigment for body paint and ceramics. Processing cinnabar via combustion releases Hg(0) vapor that can be toxic if inhaled. Mercury from cinnabar can also be absorbed through the gut and skin, where it can accumulate in organs and bone. Here, we report moderate to high levels of total mercury (THg) in human bone from three Late Neolithic/Chalcolithic (5400-4100 B.P.) sites in southern Portugal that were likely caused by cultural use of cinnabar. We use light stable isotope and Hg stable isotope tracking to test three hypotheses on the origin of mercury in this prehistoric human bone. We traced Hg in two individuals to cinnabar deposits near Almadén, Spain, and conclude that use of this mineral likely caused mild to severe mercury poisoning in the prehistoric population. Our methods have applications to bioarchaeological investigations worldwide, and for tracking trade routes and mobility of prehistoric populations where cinnabar use is documented.
journal_name
Sci Repjournal_title
Scientific reportsauthors
Emslie SD,Brasso R,Patterson WP,Carlos Valera A,McKenzie A,Maria Silva A,Gleason JD,Blum JDdoi
10.1038/srep14679subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2015-10-01 00:00:00pages
14679issn
2045-2322pii
srep14679journal_volume
5pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Dementia is a major cause of disability and dependency among older people. If the lives of people with dementia are to be improved, research and its translation into druggable target are crucial. Ancient systems of healthcare (Ayurveda, Siddha, Unani and Sowa-Rigpa) have been used from centuries for the treatment vasc...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41598-019-57199-9
更新日期:2020-01-14 00:00:00
abstract::Geometric mean concentrations of fecal indicator bacteria E. coli and enterococci are commonly used to evaluate the microbial quality of irrigation, recreation, and other types of waters, as well in watershed-scale microbial water quality modeling. It is not known how the uncertainty of those geometric mean concentrat...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41598-020-58603-5
更新日期:2020-02-03 00:00:00
abstract::Establishing the architecture of gene regulatory networks (GRNs) relies on chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by massively parallel sequencing (ChIP-Seq) methods that provide genome-wide transcription factor binding sites (TFBSs). ChIP-Seq furnishes millions of short reads that, after alignment, describe the genom...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/srep08635
更新日期:2015-03-02 00:00:00
abstract::The room-temperature magnetic properties of ball-milled strontium hexaferrite particles consolidated by spark-plasma sintering are strongly influenced by the milling time. Scanning electron microscopy revealed the ball-milled SrFe12O19 particles to have sizes varying over several hundred nanometers. X-Ray powder-diffr...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/srep14112
更新日期:2015-09-15 00:00:00
abstract::The effects of gradual vascular occlusion on the blood supply of perfused areas are poorly described. Information relating to the comparison of flap monitoring techniques is lacking. Varying stenotic conditions (0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100%) were generated on purpose at the A. and V. femoralis in the rat model. Analyses...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41598-020-57777-2
更新日期:2020-01-22 00:00:00
abstract::Bats are the only mammals capable of true, powered flight, which drives an extremely high metabolic rate. The "Free Radical Theory of Ageing" (FTRA) posits that a high metabolic rate causes mitochondrial heteroplasmy and the progressive ageing phenotype. Contrary to this, bats are the longest-lived order of mammals gi...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41598-018-31093-2
更新日期:2018-09-11 00:00:00
abstract::Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA) is a monogenic neurodegenerative disorder and the leading genetic cause of infantile mortality. While several functions have been ascribed to the SMN (survival motor neuron) protein, their specific contribution to the disease has yet to be fully elucidated. We hypothesized that some, but ...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41598-019-45822-8
更新日期:2019-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::There is growing interest in the conservation and utilization of crop wild relatives (CWR) in international food security policy and research. Legumes play an important role in human health, sustainable food production, global food security, and the resilience of current agricultural systems. Pea belongs to the ancien...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41598-017-17623-4
更新日期:2017-12-12 00:00:00
abstract::Ammonia can be utilised as an alternative nitrogen source to glutamine to support cell proliferation. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms and whether all cells have this ability is not fully understood. We find that eleven cancer and non-cancerous cell lines have opposite abilities to tolerate and utilise amm...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41598-018-37509-3
更新日期:2019-02-06 00:00:00
abstract::Ultraviolet-B (UVB) radiation damages plants and decreases their growth and productivity. We previously demonstrated that UVB sensitivity varies widely among Asian rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars and that the activity of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer (CPD) photolyase, which repairs UVB-induced CPDs, determines UVB sen...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41598-020-59720-x
更新日期:2020-02-21 00:00:00
abstract::Agrosilvopastoral and silvopastoral systems can increase carbon sequestration, offset greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and reduce the carbon footprint generated by animal production. The objective of this study was to estimate GHG emissions, the tree and grass aboveground biomass production and carbon storage in differe...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41598-017-16821-4
更新日期:2017-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The availability of iron (Fe) can seasonally limit phytoplankton growth in the High Latitude North Atlantic (HLNA), greatly reducing the efficiency of the biological carbon pump. However, the spatial extent of seasonal iron limitation is not yet known. We present autumn nutrient and dissolved Fe measurements, combined...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41598-018-37436-3
更新日期:2019-02-05 00:00:00
abstract::One of the hallmarks of cancers is their ability to develop resistance against therapeutic agents. Therefore, developing effective in vitro strategies to identify drug resistance remains of paramount importance for successful treatment. One of the ways cancer cells achieve drug resistance is through the expression of ...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41598-019-56273-6
更新日期:2019-12-27 00:00:00
abstract::Porous materials display enhanced scattering mechanisms that greatly influence their transport properties. Metal-assisted chemical etching (MACE) enables fabrication of porous silicon nanowires starting from a doped Si wafer by using a metal template that catalyzes the etching process. Here, we report on the low therm...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41598-018-30223-0
更新日期:2018-08-24 00:00:00
abstract::The aim of this study was to explore whether rotational three-dimensional (3D) visualization of optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) volume data may yield valuable information regarding diabetic retinal microaneurysm (MA) characteristics. In this retrospective, observational study, we collected data from 20...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41598-019-53357-1
更新日期:2019-11-14 00:00:00
abstract::This study was conducted to identify risk factors associated with AIV infections in live bird retail stalls (LBRS) in Lahore District, Pakistan. A cross-sectional survey of LBRS was conducted from December 2009-February 2010 using two-stage cluster sampling based on probability proportional to size. A total of 280 oro...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41598-018-23895-1
更新日期:2018-04-04 00:00:00
abstract::Two hundred and six strains of avian infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) were isolated from chickens showing signs of disease in southern China during the period from 2013-2015. The nucleotide and amino acid sequences from the isolated field strains were compared to 42 published references. Nucleotide homologies ranged ...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41598-017-06987-2
更新日期:2017-07-26 00:00:00
abstract::Liquid repellent surfaces typically work by keeping the fouling liquid in a metastable state, with trapped pockets of air between the substrate and the liquid. An alternative method with greater long-term stability utilizes liquid-impregnated surfaces, where the liquid being repelled slides over an immiscible liquid i...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41598-017-06621-1
更新日期:2017-07-20 00:00:00
abstract::AMPA subtype ionotropic glutamate receptors (iGluRs) mediate the majority of fast neurotransmission across excitatory synapses in the central nervous system. Each AMPA receptor is composed of four multi-domain subunits that are organized into layers of two amino-terminal domain (ATD) dimers, two ligand-binding domain ...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/srep19082
更新日期:2016-01-07 00:00:00
abstract::Haber-Bosch nitrogen (N) has been increasingly used in industrial products, e.g., nylon, besides fertilizer. Massive numbers of species of industrial reactive N (Nr) have emerged and produced definite consequences but receive little notice. Based on a comprehensive inventory, we show that (1) the industrial N flux has...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/srep02579
更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Stream microbes that occur in the Mediterranean Basin have been shown to possess heightened sensitivity to intensified water stress attributed to climate change. Here, we investigate the effects of long-term drought (150 days), storms and rewetting (7 days) on the diversity and composition of archaea, bacteria and fun...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41598-019-49832-4
更新日期:2019-09-18 00:00:00
abstract::In the Brown et al. study 'Increased food supply mitigates ocean acidification effects on calcification but exacerbates effects on growth' they show disagreement with the tested hypothesis and data analysis methodology used in our 2016 study. We acknowledge careful criticism and a constructive dialogue are necessary t...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 评论,杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41598-018-27670-0
更新日期:2018-06-28 00:00:00
abstract::Src family of kinases (SFKs) has been found to play an important role in the regulation of nociception. However, how each member of this family acts in the central nervous system (CNS) structures involved in the relay and/or modulation of nociceptive signals, and thereby contributes to the formation and maintenance of...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41598-019-40572-z
更新日期:2019-03-07 00:00:00
abstract::During rescue operations related to the elimination of the effects of industrial accidents or natural disasters, extinguishing agents are used that affect the migration and transformation of contamination in the environment. Firefighting foam sprayed onto an oil spill slowly drains to an aqueous solution and penetrate...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41598-020-65660-3
更新日期:2020-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::We have performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) including 473 Japanese HBV (hepatitis B virus)-positive HCC (hepatocellular carcinoma) patients and 516 HBV carriers including chronic hepatitis and asymptomatic carrier individuals to identify new host genetic factors associated with HBV-derived HCC in Japanese...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41598-018-26217-7
更新日期:2018-05-21 00:00:00
abstract::Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) play critical roles in promoting tumor progression and invasion. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying TAM regulation remain to be further investigated and may make significant contributions to cancer treatment. Mammalian microRNAs (miRNAs) have recently been identified as im...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/srep18648
更新日期:2015-12-22 00:00:00
abstract::As nanotechnology becomes increasingly used in biomedicine, it is important to have techniques by which to examine the structure and dynamics of biologically-relevant molecules on the surface of engineered nanoparticles. Previous work has shown that Saturation-Transfer Difference (STD)-NMR can be used to explore the i...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41598-020-69185-7
更新日期:2020-07-23 00:00:00
abstract::Metformin is one of the treatments used for PCOS pathology decreasing body weight, plasma androgen, FSH and glucose levels. Unfortunately, there is little known about metformin's effects on lipid metabolism, a crucial process in PCOS pathology. We have employed a lipidomic approach to explore alterations in the plasma...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1038/s41598-019-52263-w
更新日期:2019-11-05 00:00:00
abstract::To develop a clinic-relevant protocol for systemic up-regulation of NFE2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) to prevent diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM), male db/db and age-matched wild-type (WT) mice were given sulforaphane (SFN, an Nrf2 activator) and its natural source, broccoli sprout extract (BSE) by gavage every other day for ...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/srep30252
更新日期:2016-07-26 00:00:00
abstract::The rat is an important model for liver regeneration. However, there is no in vitro culture system that can capture the massive proliferation that can be observed after partial hepatectomy in rats. We here describe the generation of rat liver stem cell lines. Rat liver stem cells, which grow as cystic organoids, were ...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/srep22154
更新日期:2016-02-26 00:00:00