Abstract:
:Vaccination directly protects vaccinated individuals, but it also has the potential for indirectly protecting the unvaccinated in a population (herd protection). Unintended negative consequences such as the re-manifestation of infection, mainly expressed as age shifts, result from vaccination programs as well. We discuss the necessary conditions for achieving optimal herd protection (i.e., high quality vaccine-induced immunity, substantial effect on the force of infection, and appropriate vaccine coverage and distribution), as well as the conditions under which age shifts are likely to occur. We show examples to illustrate these effects. Substantial ambiguity in observing and quantifying these indirect vaccine effects makes accurate evaluation troublesome even though the nature of these outcomes may be critical for accurate assessment of the economic value when decision makers are evaluating a novel vaccine for introduction into a particular region or population group. More investigation is needed to identify and develop successful assessment methodologies for precisely analyzing these outcomes.
journal_name
Hum Vaccin Immunotherjournal_title
Human vaccines & immunotherapeuticsauthors
Scarbrough Lefebvre CD,Terlinden A,Standaert Bdoi
10.1080/21645515.2015.1052196subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2015-01-01 00:00:00pages
2142-57issue
9eissn
2164-5515issn
2164-554Xjournal_volume
11pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::Immunogenicity and safety of ACWY-TT compared with licensed ACWY polysaccharide vaccine (MenPS) in healthy adults, and lot-to-lot consistency of three ACWY-TT lots were evaluated in a phase 3, open, controlled study. Adults aged 18-55 y were randomized to receive ACWY-TT (one of three lots) or MenPS. Serum bactericida...
journal_title:Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
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更新日期:2012-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Japanese encephalitis (JE) is a serious public health concern in most of Asia. The disease is caused by JE virus (JEV), a flavivirus transmitted by Culex mosquitoes. Several vaccines have been developed to control JE in endemic areas as well as to protect travelers and military personnel who visit or are commissioned ...
journal_title:Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/21645515.2017.1285472
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abstract::Attenuated measles virus (MV) is one of the most effective and safe vaccines available, making it attractive candidate vector to prevent infectious diseases. Attenuated MV have acquired the ability to use the complement regulator CD46 as a major receptor to mediate virus entry and intercellular fusion. Therefore, atte...
journal_title:Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/21645515.2015.1122146
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abstract::The Maternal Neonatal Tetanus Elimination program is proof of concept for the feasibility and potential for maternal immunization to reduce neonatal mortality particularly in low and middle-income countries. Introduction of any additional vaccine into the antenatal space, such as Influenza and Pertussis, and potential...
journal_title:Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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abstract:INTRODUCTION:The aim of the present study is to review the economic burden of varicella disease and the benefit of universal varicella vaccination in different settings pending its implementation in all Italian regions. MATERIALS AND METHODS:Research was conducted using PubMed, Scopus and ISI databases. Score quality ...
journal_title:Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.4161/hv.25228
更新日期:2013-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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journal_title:Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/21645515.2019.1619403
更新日期:2019-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.4161/21645515.2014.985506
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ebola virus disease (EVD) has become a great threat to humans across the world in recent years. The 2014 Ebola epidemic in West Africa caused numerous deaths and attracted worldwide attentions. Since no specific drugs and treatments against EVD was available, vaccination was considered as the most promising and effect...
journal_title:Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/21645515.2016.1225637
更新日期:2017-01-02 00:00:00
abstract::Rotavirus vaccines were licensed in Spain between late 2006 and early 2007. Rotavirus vaccination was recommended but not reimbursed by the Spanish National Health System. Significant coverage rates have been reached in Galicia, with an average of 47% since the period July 2007-June 2008. We aim to explore eventual va...
journal_title:Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.4161/hv.20178
更新日期:2012-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Dengue is prevalent in the Asia-Pacific region. Participants of two immunogenicity and safety phase II studies conducted in Singapore and Vietnam (NCT0088089 and NCT00875524, respectively) were followed for up to four years after third vaccine dose of a recombinant, live, attenuated, tetravalent dengue vaccine (CYD-TD...
journal_title:Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1080/21645515.2019.1578595
更新日期:2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In recent years, nanomedicine has transformed many areas of traditional medicine, and enabled fresh insights into the prevention of previously difficult to treat diseases. An example of the transformative power of nanomedicine is a recent nano-vaccine against listeriosis, a serious bacterial infection affecting not on...
journal_title:Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/21645515.2015.1063756
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::WHO defines adolescence age between 10 to 19 years. In India, there are 243 million adolescents which constitute 21 per cent of the total population. The global burden of disease in adolescents (2011) reports that the total number of disability adjusted life years (DALYs) worldwide among adolescents were 230 million w...
journal_title:Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.4161/hv.29757
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Tetanus is caused by a neurotoxin produced by Clostridium tetani (C. tetani), a spore-forming bacterium. Infection begins when tetanus spores are introduced into damaged tissue. Tetanus is characterized by muscle rigidity and painful muscle spasms caused by tetanus toxin's blockade of inhibitory neurons that normally ...
journal_title:Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.4161/hv.21145
更新日期:2012-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Italy was one of the first countries in the world to introduce a routine vaccination program against HBV for newborns and 12-y-old children. From a clinical point of view, such strategy was clearly successful. The objective of our study was to verify whether, at 20 y from its implementation, hepatitis B universal vacc...
journal_title:Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.4161/hv.23827
更新日期:2013-05-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/21645515.2018.1430542
更新日期:2018-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/21645515.2016.1204500
更新日期:2016-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Previously we showed that 65-kDa Mycobacterium leprae heat shock protein (Hsp65) is a target for the development of a tuberculosis vaccine. Here we evaluated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from healthy individuals or tuberculosis patients stimulated with two forms of Hsp65 antigen, recombinant DNA that enco...
journal_title:Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/21645515.2016.1264547
更新日期:2017-05-04 00:00:00
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journal_title:Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/21645515.2015.1081321
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.4161/21645515.2014.979640
更新日期:2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::This was a randomized, placebo-controlled, Phase I/II study conducted in a Japanese cohort to assess the safety and immunogenicity of Clostridium difficile vaccine (the same formulation as that used in the ongoing global Phase III study). Healthy Japanese adults aged 40-75 years were randomized to receive either C. di...
journal_title:Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
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更新日期:2018-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Immunization against pertussis, influenza, and rubella reduces morbidity and mortality in pregnant women and their offspring. Health care professionals (HCPs) caring for women perinatally are uniquely placed to reduce maternal vaccine preventable diseases (VPDs). Despite guidelines recommending immunization during the...
journal_title:Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.4161/hv.27893
更新日期:2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Salmonella enterica serovars Typhi and Paratyphi A and B and certain non-typhoidal Salmonella enterica (NTS) serovars are important causes of invasive Salmonella disease worldwide. NTS serovars Typhimurium and Enteritidis typically cause gastroenteritis in healthy children and adults in industrialized countries but in...
journal_title:Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.4161/hv.19158
更新日期:2012-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Kyasanur Forest Disease (KFD) is a tick-borne hemorrhagic fever of human, caused by Kyasanur forest disease virus (KFDV) in India. The tick, Haemaphysalis spinigera, has been incriminated as the vector of KFDV. In human, KFD clinically presents with high fever, frontal headache, and severe myalgia, followed by bleedin...
journal_title:Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/21645515.2019.1602431
更新日期:2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Background: To assess the knowledge and attitudes of middle school students toward vaccination, we measured their understanding of vaccine safety and effectiveness, expectations for communication with heath care providers, and their desired role in the vaccination decision-making process. Methods: A cross-sectional, s...
journal_title:Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/21645515.2019.1571891
更新日期:2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::We conducted a national study of children's hospitals and neighboring general medical-surgical hospitals to examine their employee vaccination policies. Survey questions addressed health care personnel (HCP) influenza vaccination policies for the 2009-2010 (seasonal, H1N1) and 2010-2011 (H1N1 + seasonal = combined) in...
journal_title:Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.4161/hv.19613
更新日期:2012-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::In France, the incidence of invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) is around 1/100,000, with the following trends over the 2011-2018 period: a leading role of group B in subjects <15 years, a decrease of group C among <1 year since 2017, an increase of group W in all age groups including subjects <1 year since 2014 and ...
journal_title:Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/21645515.2020.1729030
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abstract::Few studies in China focused on serotypes of Streptococcus pneumoniae in patients with invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD). We aimed at investigating the serotype distribution for IPD-causing S. pneumoniae and vaccine coverage among Chinese children and adults. This was a multicenter, observational study to collect S....
journal_title:Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/21645515.2020.1757996
更新日期:2020-06-12 00:00:00
abstract::To investigate whether the TNF-α, IL-2, IL-4 and IL-10 genes contribute to variations in vaccine-induced immune responses after immunization with the inactivated Japanese encephalitis vaccine (IJEV), a total of 369 individuals who received the IJEV were enrolled. Based on Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) neutralizati...
journal_title:Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/21645515.2020.1724743
更新日期:2020-10-02 00:00:00
abstract::Despite the long-term efficacy and immune persistence observed following HBV vaccination of infants, the need for a booster dose following infant immunization continues to be deliberated. Evidence from HBV booster dose response studies and long-term immunization program reviews are the basis for the recommendation tha...
journal_title:Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/21645515.2018.1462428
更新日期:2018-01-01 00:00:00