Abstract:
:Immunotherapy shows promise for positively changing the landscape of the management of many advanced solid tumors, including gastrointestinal (GI) malignancies. Many of these developments have been focused on vaccine-based, monoclonal antibody therapies and more recently, checkpoint inhibitors, although many small molecule inhibitors can function as immunomodulators. Small molecule compounds have several advantages over conventional immunotherapeutic agents including: ease of production and the potential for oral administration. There is a potential niche for small molecule immunomodulators to enhance the efficacy of existing immunotherapeutic and cytotoxic agents. This article focuses on two categories of small molecule compounds with immunomodulatory effects: IDO and MEK inhibitors. Indoleamine -2, 3- dioxygenase (IDO) is known for its effects in tumor immunity. IDO inhibitors are generally well-tolerated and have the potential to enhance anti-tumor responses when combined with checkpoint inhibitors. MEK inhibitors affect signal transduction of the RAS-RAF-MEK pathway and numerous MEK inhibitors are currently being investigated in solid tumors. Small molecule immunomodulators are currently being investigated for their potential role in augmenting the effects of conventional immunotherapeutic agents although further research is required to identify those patients most likely to respond to combination therapy.
journal_name
Hum Vaccin Immunotherjournal_title
Human vaccines & immunotherapeuticsauthors
Murphy AG,Zheng Ldoi
10.1080/21645515.2015.1057363subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2015-01-01 00:00:00pages
2463-8issue
10eissn
2164-5515issn
2164-554Xjournal_volume
11pub_type
杂志文章abstract::The pseudo-neutralization assay (PsV) described in the current report allows for the creation of HPV18 pseudovirions in order to evaluate whether the antibody responses elicited following vaccination with Gardasil(®) are sufficient to neutralize the activity of these pseudovirions in vitro. The PsV assay evaluates a b...
journal_title:Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.4161/hv.19179
更新日期:2012-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Influenza vaccination is the most effective way of preventing influenza infections but its coverage is extremely low in China. Poor influenza vaccine effectiveness (VE) was reported in the 2014/15 season in some Northern Hemisphere countries with a predominance of H3N2 viruses belonging to the 3C.2a clade. However, th...
journal_title:Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/21645515.2017.1359364
更新日期:2017-10-03 00:00:00
abstract::The serious consequences of influenza infection during pregnancy have been recognized for almost a century. In this article, we reviewed the evidence on the immunogenicity, safety and impact of maternal influenza immunization for both mother and child. After vaccination, pregnant women have similar protective titers o...
journal_title:Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/21645515.2016.1215392
更新日期:2016-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Vaccination directly protects vaccinated individuals, but it also has the potential for indirectly protecting the unvaccinated in a population (herd protection). Unintended negative consequences such as the re-manifestation of infection, mainly expressed as age shifts, result from vaccination programs as well. We disc...
journal_title:Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/21645515.2015.1052196
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:AIM:Pertussis continues to be a common worldwide infection in pediatric and adult populations. We aimed to study epidemiological and clinical characteristics of infants and children admitted for pertussis to a tertiary-care hospital and to investigate the risk factors for pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) admission....
journal_title:Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/21645515.2020.1791617
更新日期:2020-08-05 00:00:00
abstract::The effective protective HIV vaccine should elicit either protective antibodies or effective T cell response, or both. To improve the efficacy of HIV-1 vaccines, HLA polymorphism and HIV-1 diversity are 2 key factors to be considered for vaccine development. In this study, we expressed a recombinant multi-epitope prot...
journal_title:Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/21645515.2017.1281488
更新日期:2017-06-03 00:00:00
abstract::Pertussis is one of the most prevalent vaccine-preventable diseases worldwide. The true infection rate is significantly higher than the reported incidence rate. An increased prevalence of pertussis in older populations has been found, mainly caused by waning immunity after vaccination. Vaccine-induced immunity differs...
journal_title:Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/21645515.2016.1259780
更新日期:2017-04-03 00:00:00
abstract::Respiratory infections caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa are a major clinical problem globally, particularly for patients with chronic pulmonary disorders, such as those with cystic fibrosis (CF), non-CF bronchiectasis (nCFB) and severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). In addition, critically ill and immun...
journal_title:Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.4161/hv.34296
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Similar features between the immune system of healthy elderly people and of younger individuals subjected to conditions of chronic immune activation are progressively being observed. This is raising the hypothesis that chronic immune activation may cause the premature aging of the immune system. Here we dissect this t...
journal_title:Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.4161/hv.28698
更新日期:2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::We conducted a national study of children's hospitals and neighboring general medical-surgical hospitals to examine their employee vaccination policies. Survey questions addressed health care personnel (HCP) influenza vaccination policies for the 2009-2010 (seasonal, H1N1) and 2010-2011 (H1N1 + seasonal = combined) in...
journal_title:Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.4161/hv.19613
更新日期:2012-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::This double-blind, randomized study evaluated the immunogenicity and safety of three production lots of the fully liquid combination DTwP-Hep-Hib vaccine, Quinvaxem (®) (Crucell, The Netherlands) in 360 healthy infants aged 42-64 d old given at 6, 10 and 14 weeks of age (Core Study). The Core Study was followed by an...
journal_title:Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi:10.4161/hv.21095
更新日期:2012-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::In France, the incidence of invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) is around 1/100,000, with the following trends over the 2011-2018 period: a leading role of group B in subjects <15 years, a decrease of group C among <1 year since 2017, an increase of group W in all age groups including subjects <1 year since 2014 and ...
journal_title:Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/21645515.2020.1729030
更新日期:2020-10-02 00:00:00
abstract::Estimates of medical care costs for cervical and other cancers associated with human papillomavirus (HPV) are higher in studies published in recent years than in studies published before 2012. The purpose of this report is (1) to review and summarize the recent cancer cost estimates and (2) to illustrate how the estim...
journal_title:Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/21645515.2019.1603562
更新日期:2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Higher-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) were licensed from 2009 in Europe; similar worldwide clinical effectiveness was observed for PCVs in routine use. Despite a proven medical need, PCV vaccination in Southern Europe remained suboptimal until 2015/16. We searched PubMed for manuscripts published betwee...
journal_title:Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/21645515.2016.1263409
更新日期:2017-06-03 00:00:00
abstract::Regulatory T cells (Tregs) play a crucial role in the control of the initiation and progression of type 1 diabetes (T1D). Various immunological interventions including those to ex vivo expansion Tregs transfer, in vivo induction of peripherally derived Treg (pTreg) have been considered as promising approaches for T1D ...
journal_title:Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/21645515.2019.1616504
更新日期:2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) and 7-valent pneumococcal (PCV7) vaccines both became recommended in Japan in 2010. In this study, cytokine production was investigated in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) cultures stimulated with diphtheria and tetanus toxoids combined with acellular pertussis vaccine (DP...
journal_title:Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.4161/hv.27264
更新日期:2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Hepatitis A virus (HAV) infections continue to represent a significant disease burden causing approximately 200 million infections, 30 million symptomatic illnesses and 30,000 deaths each year. Effective and safe hepatitis A vaccines have been available since the early 1990s. Initially developed for individual prophyl...
journal_title:Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/21645515.2020.1819742
更新日期:2020-12-16 00:00:00
abstract::Better adjuvants are needed for vaccines against seasonal influenza. TLR7 agonists are potent activators of innate immune responses and thereby may be promising adjuvants. Among the imidazoquinoline compounds, 1-benzyl-2-butyl-1H-imidazo[4,5-c]quinolin-4-amine (BBIQ) was reported to be a highly active TLR7 agonist but...
journal_title:Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/21645515.2019.1710409
更新日期:2020-08-02 00:00:00
abstract::WHO defines adolescence age between 10 to 19 years. In India, there are 243 million adolescents which constitute 21 per cent of the total population. The global burden of disease in adolescents (2011) reports that the total number of disability adjusted life years (DALYs) worldwide among adolescents were 230 million w...
journal_title:Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.4161/hv.29757
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The Solid Organ Transplantation (SOT) and Haematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation (HSCT) population is continuously increasing as a result of broader indications for transplant and improved survival. Infectious diseases, including vaccine-preventable diseases, are a significant threat for this population, primarily a...
journal_title:Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/21645515.2015.1078043
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::MENK, a penta-peptide is considered as being involved in the regulatory feedback loop between the immune and neuroendocrine systems, with marked modulation of various functions of human immune cells. The aim of the present work was to investigate change of lymphocyte subpopulations in peripheral blood of 50 cancer pat...
journal_title:Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.4161/hv.28804
更新日期:2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Various glycoprotein conjugate vaccines have been developed for the prevention of invasive meningococcal disease, having significant advantages over pure polysaccharide vaccines. One of the most important features of the conjugate vaccines is the induction of a T-cell dependent immune response, which enables both the ...
journal_title:Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/21645515.2016.1153206
更新日期:2016-07-02 00:00:00
abstract::The multicomponent meningococcal serogroup B vaccine, 4CMenB, has demonstrated effectiveness in preventing invasive MenB disease in infants and in controlling MenB outbreaks. The need for/timing of additional booster doses is not yet established. We reviewed eight studies that evaluated antibody persistence and booste...
journal_title:Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/21645515.2019.1627159
更新日期:2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The manner in which providers respond to parental concerns about the recommended childhood vaccination schedule is an area of increasing interest in pediatrics and medical ethics. Like many aspects of vaccination policy and practice, evaluating the reactions of providers to parental vaccine hesitancy--including the po...
journal_title:Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.4161/hv.26371
更新日期:2013-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Anti-vaccination movement has existed as long as the vaccines themselves, but its mode of action and social influences evolved over time. Such attitude with no doubt has negative impact on vaccination rates and eradication of infectious diseases. In this study, we used an online survey to examine vaccination attitudes...
journal_title:Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/21645515.2017.1365994
更新日期:2017-11-02 00:00:00
abstract::In recent years, nanomedicine has transformed many areas of traditional medicine, and enabled fresh insights into the prevention of previously difficult to treat diseases. An example of the transformative power of nanomedicine is a recent nano-vaccine against listeriosis, a serious bacterial infection affecting not on...
journal_title:Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/21645515.2015.1063756
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::HIV-specific T-cell responses play a key role in controlling HIV infection, and therapeutic vaccines for HIV that aim to improve viral control will likely need to improve on the T-cell responses induced by infection. However, in the setting of chronic infection, an effective therapeutic vaccine must overcome the enorm...
journal_title:Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/21645515.2018.1448328
更新日期:2018-07-03 00:00:00
abstract::Objective: The objective of this study was to analyze the 100 most cited studies on vaccine.Methods: A comprehensive search of studies on vaccine was performed in the Web of Science Core Collection without year or language restrictions. The 100 top-cited studies were retrieved after screening abstracts or full-texts. ...
journal_title:Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/21645515.2019.1614398
更新日期:2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The objective of this study was to calculate Vaccine Effectiveness (VE) in healthcare workers (HCW) and to compare VE between patients and HCW. A case-control investigation based on the prospective study was conducted between 2004 and 2009 in a teaching hospital. All HCW with influenza-like illness (ILI) from particip...
journal_title:Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/21645515.2015.1079677
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The usual treatments for patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), such as advanced lung adenocarcinoma, are unspecific and aggressive, and include lung resection, radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Recently, treatment with monoclonal antibodies and biological inhibitors has emerged as an effective alternative, ge...
journal_title:Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/21645515.2016.1249551
更新日期:2017-04-03 00:00:00