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Molecular and functional significance of Ca(2+)-activated Cl(-) channels in pulmonary arterial smooth muscle.

Abstract：

:Increased peripheral resistance of small distal pulmonary arteries is a hallmark signature of pulmonary hypertension (PH) and is believed to be the consequence of enhanced vasoconstriction to agonists, thickening of the arterial wall due to remodeling, and increased thrombosis. The elevation in arterial tone in PH is attributable, at least in part, to smooth muscle cells of PH patients being more depolarized and displaying higher intracellular Ca(2+) levels than cells from normal subjects. It is now clear that downregulation of voltage-dependent K(+) channels (e.g., Kv1.5) and increased expression and activity of voltage-dependent (Cav1.2) and voltage-independent (e.g., canonical and vanilloid transient receptor potential [TRPC and TRPV]) Ca(2+) channels play an important role in the functional remodeling of pulmonary arteries in PH. This review focuses on an anion-permeable channel that is now considered a novel excitatory mechanism in the systemic and pulmonary circulations. It is permeable to Cl(-) and is activated by a rise in intracellular Ca(2+) concentration (Ca(2+)-activated Cl(-) channel, or CaCC). The first section outlines the biophysical and pharmacological properties of the channel and ends with a description of the molecular candidate genes postulated to encode for CaCCs, with particular emphasis on the bestrophin and the newly discovered TMEM16 and anoctamin families of genes. The second section provides a review of the various sources of Ca(2+) activating CaCCs, which include stimulation by mobilization from intracellular Ca(2+) stores and Ca(2+) entry through voltage-dependent and voltage-independent Ca(2+) channels. The third and final section summarizes recent findings that suggest a potentially important role for CaCCs and the gene TMEM16A in PH.

journal_name

Pulm Circ

journal_title

Pulmonary circulation

authors

Leblanc N,Forrest AS,Ayon RJ,Wiwchar M,Angermann JE,Pritchard HA,Singer CA,Valencik ML,Britton F,Greenwood IA

doi

10.1086/680189

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2015-06-01 00:00:00

pages

244-68

issue

eissn

2045-8932

issn

2045-8940

pii

PC2013162

journal_volume

pub_type

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Molecular and functional significance of Ca(2+)-activated Cl(-) channels in pulmonary arterial smooth muscle.