Abstract:
BACKGROUND:Pneumonia is a leading cause of death among children less than five years old during humanitarian emergencies. Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) and Streptococcus pneumoniae are the leading causes of bacterial pneumonia. Vaccines for both of these pathogens are available to prevent pneumonia. Problem This study describes an economic analysis from a publicly funded health care system perspective performed on a birth cohort in Somalia, a country that has experienced a protracted humanitarian emergency. METHODS:An impact and cost-effectiveness analysis was performed comparing: no vaccine, Hib vaccine only, pneumococcal conjugate vaccine 10 (PCV10) only, and both together administered through supplemental immunization activities (SIAs). The main summary measure was the incremental cost per disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) averted. One-way sensitivity analysis was conducted for uncertainty in parameter values. RESULTS:Each SIA would avert a substantial number of cases and deaths. Compared with no vaccine, the DALYs averted by two SIAs for two doses of Hib vaccine was US $202.93 (lower and upper limits: $121.80-$623.52), two doses of PCV10 was US $161.51 ($107.24-$227.21), and two doses of both vaccines was US $152.42 ($101.20-$214.42). Variables that influenced the cost-effectiveness for each strategy most substantially were vaccine effectiveness, case fatality rates (CFRs), and disease burden. CONCLUSIONS:The World Health Organization (WHO) defines a cost-effective intervention as costing one to three times the per capita gross domestic product (GDP; in 2011, for Somalia=US $112). Based on the presented model, Hib vaccine alone, PCV10 alone, or Hib vaccine and PCV10 given together in SIAs are cost-effective interventions in Somalia. The WHO/Strategic Advisory Group of Experts decision-making factors for vaccine deployment appear to have all been met: the disease burden is large, the vaccine-related risk is low, prevention in this setting is more feasible than treatment, the vaccine duration probably is sufficient for the vulnerable period of the child's life, cost is reasonable, and herd immunity is possible.
journal_name
Prehosp Disaster Medjournal_title
Prehospital and disaster medicineauthors
Gargano LM,Hajjeh R,Cookson STdoi
10.1017/S1049023X15004781subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2015-08-01 00:00:00pages
402-11issue
4eissn
1049-023Xissn
1945-1938pii
S1049023X15004781journal_volume
30pub_type
杂志文章abstract:INTRODUCTION:On 26 December 2004, an earthquake (9.0 Richter, 10 kilometers below the sea) near Sumatra, Indonesia, triggered a tsunami, which traveled at approximately 800 km per hour to strike the Indian coastline. The disaster response at a 100-bed hospital situated on the beach front (2,028 km from the epicenter) i...
journal_title:Prehospital and disaster medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s1049023x00003939
更新日期:2006-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Training emergency personnel on the clinical management of a mass-casualty incident (MCI) with prior chemical, biological, radioactive, nuclear, or explosives (CBRNE) -exposed patients is a component of hospital preparedness procedures. OBJECTIVE:The objective of this research was to determine whether a V...
journal_title:Prehospital and disaster medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s1049023x00008505
更新日期:2010-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::In 1994, the first World Conference on Natural Disaster Reduction held in Yokohama, Japan affirmed that "Disaster prevention, mitigation, and preparedness are better than disaster response in achieving the goals and objectives of the decade. Disaster response alone is not sufficient, as it yields only temporary result...
journal_title:Prehospital and disaster medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S1049023X18000419
更新日期:2018-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Fibrinolysis is an acceptable treatment for acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) when primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) cannot be performed within 120 minutes. The American Heart Association has recommended Emergency Medical Services (EMS) interventions such as prehospital ...
journal_title:Prehospital and disaster medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S1049023X20000801
更新日期:2020-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::In October 2004, a World Association for Disaster and Emergency Medicine (WADEM) Seminar was convened in Brusselsby the Education Committee to discuss Disaster Education and Training. During this seminar, it became apparent that there was no single tool available to assess knowledge, skills, and resources within this ...
journal_title:Prehospital and disaster medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s1049023x00003629
更新日期:2006-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Professional behavior is one of the cornerstones of effective emergency medical services (EMS) practice and is a required part of the National Standard Curricula for advanced levels of EMS education. However, peer rating of emergency medical technicians with respect to the 11 categories of professional beh...
journal_title:Prehospital and disaster medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s1049023x00002284
更新日期:2005-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:In November 2013, the Haiyan typhoon hit parts of the Philippines. The typhoon caused severe damage to the medical facilities and many injuries and deaths. Health professionals have a crucial role in the immediate disaster response system, but knowledge of their experiences of working during and in the immed...
journal_title:Prehospital and disaster medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S1049023X16001412
更新日期:2017-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Using the pediatric version of the Simple Triage and Rapid Treatment (JumpSTART) algorithm for the triage of pediatric patients in a mass-casualty incident (MCI) requires assessing the results of each step and determining whether to move to the next appropriate action. Inappropriate application can lead to...
journal_title:Prehospital and disaster medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S1049023X15005002
更新日期:2015-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:The number of deaths due to trauma from road traffic accidents (RTAs), and from the use of firearms either for homicide or armed robbery, ethnic conflicts, and other events, such as flooding, explosions from petroleum products, and religious violence, is on the rise in Nigeria. This preliminary study is a ...
journal_title:Prehospital and disaster medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s1049023x00002454
更新日期:2005-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The 12 January 2010 earthquake that struck Port-au-Prince, Haiti caused >200,000 deaths, thousands of injuries requiring immediate surgical interventions, and 1.5 million internally displaced survivors. The earthquake destroyed or disabled most medical facilities in the city, seriously hampering the ability to deliver...
journal_title:Prehospital and disaster medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s1049023x00008645
更新日期:2010-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::This report details the background, planning, and establishment of a mass-casualty management area for the Durban Moses Mabhida Stadium at the Natal Mounted Rifles base, by the Department of Health and the eThekwini Fire and Rescue Service, for the Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA) 2010 Soccer W...
journal_title:Prehospital and disaster medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S1049023X12000453
更新日期:2012-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:This Supplement is a Report of the Conference convened by the South East Asia Regional Office (SEARO) of the World Health Organization (WHO). The Conference was a follow-up to the WHO Conference of May 2005 in Phuket, Thailand on the Earthquake and Tsunami of 26 December 2004. The invitational meeting brou...
journal_title:Prehospital and disaster medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2006-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::This paper outlines each aspect of coordination as it relates to the responses made by various organizations in the disaster-affected areas. It is a synthesis of the presentations and discussions pertaining to coordination during the Conference, Health Aspects of the Tsunami Disaster in Asia, convened by the World Hea...
journal_title:Prehospital and disaster medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s1049023x00003150
更新日期:2005-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Introduction In the foothills of the Cumberland Mountains, in central Appalachia (a region that spans 13 states in the US), sits an economically distressed and rural community of the United States. Once a thriving coal-mining area, this region now is reported as one of the hardest places to live in the US. Southeaster...
journal_title:Prehospital and disaster medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S1049023X1600090X
更新日期:2016-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To analyze the availability and level of medical services for fans at major league baseball games in the United States. METHODS:A 10-item questionnaire was sent to the operations managers of each of 28 major league baseball stadiums. The survey was distributed in cooperation with a major league baseball club...
journal_title:Prehospital and disaster medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s1049023x00042151
更新日期:1995-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:Predicting injury patterns of patients based only on mechanism of injury is difficult and is well described in the literature. Characteristics of patients on-scene immediately following injury(ies) may lead to predicting injury patterns. Although reported frequently, the significance of victim ambulation aft...
journal_title:Prehospital and disaster medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S1049023X12001501
更新日期:2013-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Full-scale disaster drills are complex, expensive, and may involve hundreds or thousands of people. However, even when carefully planned, they often fail to manifest the details of medical care given to the casualties during the drill. OBJECTIVE:To assess the feasibility of integrating physicians among th...
journal_title:Prehospital and disaster medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1997-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Dialysis centers struggled to maintain continuity of care for dialysis patients during and immediately following Hurricane Katrina's landfall on the US Gulf Coast in August 2005. However, the impact on patient health and service use is unclear. PROBLEM:The impact of Hurricane Katrina on hospitalization ra...
journal_title:Prehospital and disaster medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S1049023X12000945
更新日期:2012-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::There is a cascade of risks associated with a hazard evolving into a disaster that consists of the risk that: (1) a hazard will produce an event; (2) an event will cause structural damage; (3) structural damage will create functional damages and needs; (4) needs will create an emergency (require use of the local respo...
journal_title:Prehospital and disaster medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S1049023X16000285
更新日期:2016-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:The State University of New York at Downstate (SUNY) conducted a web-based long-distance tabletop drill (LDTT) designed to identify vulnerabilities in safety, security, communications, supplies, incident management, and surge capacity for a number of hospitals preceding the 2010 FIFA World Cup. The tableto...
journal_title:Prehospital and disaster medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S1049023X11006443
更新日期:2011-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Abuse or unintended overdose (OD) of opiates and heroin may result in prehospital and emergency department (ED) care. Prehospital naloxone use has been suggested as a surrogate marker of community opiate ODs. The study objective was to verify externally whether prehospital naloxone use is a surrogate marker ...
journal_title:Prehospital and disaster medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S1049023X15004793
更新日期:2015-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Heart failure poses a significant burden of disease, resulting in 2,658 Australian deaths in 2008, and listed as an associated cause of death in a further 14,466 cases. Common in the hospital setting, continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy is a non-invasive ventilation technique used to prevent a...
journal_title:Prehospital and disaster medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1017/S1049023X12001562
更新日期:2013-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Adenosine (Adenocard) is an endogenous purine nucleoside that has been approved recently for intravenous treatment of paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia. With a serum half-life of 10 seconds, reported side effects including facial flushing, dyspnea, and chest pressure are common, but very transient. An elderly wo...
journal_title:Prehospital and disaster medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s1049023x00042849
更新日期:1996-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Aim The goal of this study was to compare the relative effectiveness of three adjunctive maneuvers - head elevation (HE), forward laryngoscope traction (FT), and external laryngeal manipulation (ELM) - on laryngoscopic view, intubation time, and intubation success performed by a sample of novice intubators using a sim...
journal_title:Prehospital and disaster medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S1049023X17006392
更新日期:2017-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The purpose of this discussion is to review the use of destinations other than the hospital emergency department, to transport patients injured as a result of a mass-casualty incident (MCI). A MCI has the ability to overwhelm traditional hospital resources normally thought of as appropriate destinations for the transp...
journal_title:Prehospital and disaster medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s1049023x00007949
更新日期:2010-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Few previous studies have been conducted on the prehospital management of hypotensive trauma patients in Stockholm County. The aim of this study was to describe the prehospital management of hypotensive trauma patients admitted to the largest trauma center in Sweden, and to assess whether prehospital traum...
journal_title:Prehospital and disaster medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s1049023x00002582
更新日期:2005-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Tete Province, Mozambique has experienced chronic food insecurity and a dramatic fall in livestock numbers due to the cyclic problems characterized by the floods in 2000 and severe droughts in 2002 and 2003. The Province has been a beneficiary of emergency relief programs, which have assisted > 22% of the po...
journal_title:Prehospital and disaster medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s1049023x00004301
更新日期:2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Many of the problems that develop in disaster management can be avoided with good program planning. Assessment following a disaster is essential. Needs assessment is essential in the early phases of a disaster and situation assessments become more important as the disaster process continues. Both are dynamic and conti...
journal_title:Prehospital and disaster medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1998-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:The ever-present risk of mass casualties and disaster situations may result in airway management situations that overwhelm local emergency medical services (EMS) resources. Endotracheal intubation requires significant user education/training and carries the risk of malposition. Furthermore, personal protec...
journal_title:Prehospital and disaster medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s1049023x00007743
更新日期:2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:The development of syndromic surveillance systems to detect bioterrorist attacks and emerging infectious diseases has become an important and challenging goal to many governmental agencies and healthcare authorities. This study utilized the sharp increase of glow product-related calls to demonstrate the ut...
journal_title:Prehospital and disaster medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s1049023x00006567
更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00