Abstract：
:The networks of neocortical neurons are coordinated by spontaneous activity, the level of which exhibits high heterogeneity among neurons, ranging from low activity levels to very high activity levels, even in the same network. Highly active neurons represent a small proportion in the cerebral cortex and are mingled in a web of the vast majority of neurons with low firing rates. However, little is known about the spatial arrangement of these highly active cells within the cerebral cortex. Here, we visualized their spatial distribution by labeling them with c-Fos, a neuronal activity marker, in the mouse primary visual cortex. By introducing energy-like and entropy-like parameters that did not require arbitrary thresholds for c-Fos positivity, we found that strongly c-Fos-expressing neurons were clustered in the vicinity. The cluster size measured approximately 100 μm in diameter and was smaller in layer 2/3 than in layers 5 and 6. Layer 1 neurons did not exhibit a clustered pattern of c-Fos-expressing neurons. Our novel statistical approaches are not subject to human bias and are thus widely applicable to evaluate the spatial bias of any particles.
journal_name
Anat Sci Intjournal_title
Anatomical science internationalauthors
Makino K,Funayama K,Ikegaya Ydoi
10.1007/s12565-015-0284-zsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
2016-03-01 00:00:00pages
188-95issue
2eissn
1447-6959issn
1447-073Xpii
10.1007/s12565-015-0284-zjournal_volume
91pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:The olfactory system typically consists of two parallel systems: the main olfactory system and the accessory olfactory system. The main olfactory bulb (MOB) acts as the initial processing site for volatile chemical stimuli and receives input from the olfactory receptor cells located in the olfactory epithelium. The Af...
journal_title：Anatomical science international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s12565-014-0227-0
更新日期：2014-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The histogenesis and cornification of claws in zebrafinch embryos has been analyzed. At 10-12 days post-deposition, the epidermis at the tip of the toes forms placode-like anlage associated with a mesenchymal condensation and with a terminal phalange. Claws seem to be modified scales, the dorsal side of which becomes ...
journal_title：Anatomical science international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s12565-009-0015-4
更新日期：2009-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Arrangements of the lateral collateral ligaments of the ankle are complex. Injuries to these ligaments can occur in the inverted planter flexed position of the ankle. Traditionally, the anterior talofibular ligament (ATFL) is the first ligament involved in such ankle injuries. We reviewed the anatomical arrangements o...
journal_title：Anatomical science international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s12565-011-0109-7
更新日期：2011-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Nerve regeneration is a complex process associated with the expression of hundreds of genes. To elucidate the molecular mechanism responsible for nerve regeneration, hundreds of nerve regeneration-associated genes have been hunted using differential display polymerase chain reaction (DD-PCR), random cloning, microarra...
journal_title：Anatomical science international
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/j.1447-073X.2006.00136.x
更新日期：2006-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Renin substrate, biological renin activity, and/or renin-secreting cells in kidneys evolved at an early stage of vertebrate phylogeny. Angiotensin (Ang) I and II molecules have been identified biochemically in representative species of all vertebrate classes, although variation occurs in amino acids at positions 1, 5,...
journal_title：Anatomical science international
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s12565-016-0372-8
更新日期：2017-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Anatomical variations of the biceps brachii and triceps brachii have been described by various authors, but the occurrence of four-headed biceps brachii and triceps brachii in an ipsilateral arm is rare and has not been reported before in the literature. During routine cadaveric dissection in the department of anatomy...
journal_title：Anatomical science international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1447-073X.2007.00171.x
更新日期：2008-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Exposure to gestational stress impairs hippocampal-dependent learning in offspring. In spite of the known decisive role of hippocampal dendritic architecture in learning and memory, there has been no study to date that examines the effect of prenatal stress on the morphology of the hippocampal neurons. Therefore we pe...
journal_title：Anatomical science international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1447-073X.2007.00186.x
更新日期：2007-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The human superficial brachial artery passes superficially to the median nerve and can be classified into three subtypes according to its topographical relationship to the pectoral ansa. When the superficial brachial artery passes superficially to the pectoral ansa, it is defined as the highest superficial artery. We ...
journal_title：Anatomical science international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s12565-010-0094-2
更新日期：2011-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A case of an additional right external iliac vein lacking a right common iliac vein was found in an 84-year-old female cadaver during a dissection course at Aichi Medical University in 2014. The findings are reported and discussed from the embryological and clinical viewpoints. The right and left iliac venous systems ...
journal_title：Anatomical science international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s12565-015-0277-y
更新日期：2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:After the authors' previous report an additional case of partial anomalous pulmonary venous return was encountered during dissection practice for medical students. In an 87-year-old Japanese male cadaver, the anomalous vein from the right upper lobe drained into the superior vena cava at a point just below the entranc...
journal_title：Anatomical science international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1447-073X.2007.00187.x
更新日期：2008-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The purpose of the study was to discover a way to study the internal structure and evolution of human embryos noninvasively. The human embryo was stained with phosphotungstic acid solution (PTA) in ethanol (EPTA) and scanned using a micro computed tomography (micro-CT) scanner. Using appropriate software, a three-dime...
journal_title：Anatomical science international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s12565-016-0377-3
更新日期：2017-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Thiel's embalming method provides natural coloration, flexibility, and tissue plasticity, and is used widely to prepare specimens for cadaver surgical training. However, this method causes brain softening, thereby restricting the cadaver surgical training of intra-cranial procedures. In this study, three cadavers were...
journal_title：Anatomical science international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s12565-020-00545-z
更新日期：2020-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Demineralization can facilitate the dissection of soft tissue structures in inaccessible locations by softening surrounding bone so that it can be easily removed without risking damage to the structure of interest. However, it is unclear whether demineralization alters the morphometry of soft tissues if used for this ...
journal_title：Anatomical science international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s12565-014-0248-8
更新日期：2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The increase in autoimmune diseases in recent years has drawn attention back to the thymus, with new approaches to improve and/or restore immune function being investigated. As the primary lymphoid organ responsible for functional T cell development, studies on the pre-/post-natal development of this organ and T lymph...
journal_title：Anatomical science international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s12565-018-0456-8
更新日期：2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) and its three relatives constitute a novel family of neurotrophic factors, the GDNF family ligands. These factors signal through a multicomponent receptor complex comprising a glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored cell surface molecule (GDNF family receptor (GFR) alph...
journal_title：Anatomical science international
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/j.1447-073x.2005.00099.x
更新日期：2005-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:It was recently reported that the internal branch of the accessory nerve not only comprises the cranial root but also various combinations of the cranial root, spinal root, and the vagal component of the vagus nerve. The aim of this study was to demonstrate the anatomical distribution of each component of the internal...
journal_title：Anatomical science international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s12565-014-0244-z
更新日期：2015-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:For a long time, because of its location at the skull base level, the sphenoid bone was rather mysterious as it was too difficult for anatomists to reach and to elucidate its true configuration. The configuration of the sphenoid bone led to confusion regarding its sutures with the other skull bones, its shape, its det...
journal_title：Anatomical science international
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s12565-017-0399-5
更新日期：2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Knowledge of development and various possible positions of the appendix is important in understanding the pathophysiology of appendicitis. In the present case, we report on a lateral pouch type of appendix in a formalin-embalmed male cadaver. The appendix was found to be situated in a space between the caecum and the ...
journal_title：Anatomical science international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s12565-014-0249-7
更新日期：2015-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Knowledge of variations in the formation of superficial palmar arch is beneficial for successful vascular surgery in the hand as well as for plastic surgeons. The authors describe an unusual completion of superficial palmar arch by first dorsal metacarpal branch of radial artery at the first interdigital cleft which w...
journal_title：Anatomical science international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s12565-012-0130-5
更新日期：2013-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Olfactory bulb (OB) interneurons, predominantly periglomerular (PG) and granule (GR) cells, are derived from neural stem cells in the subventricular zone (SVZ) throughout life and migrate to the OB in the rostral migratory stream (RMS). In the adult superficial GR layer transgene expression was found, either enhanced ...
journal_title：Anatomical science international
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/j.1447-073X.2007.00209.x
更新日期：2008-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We herein report a case showing the simultaneous occurrence of an aberrant right subclavian artery (ARSA) and accessory lobe of the liver in a 75-year-old female cadaver. In the thorax, the left aortic arch branched into the right common carotid artery, left common carotid artery, left subclavian artery, and ARSA, in ...
journal_title：Anatomical science international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s12565-010-0100-8
更新日期：2011-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A plate-like structure is located posterior to the portal vein system, between the pancreatic head and roots and/or branches of two major arteries of the aorta: the celiac trunk and superior mesenteric artery. We aimed to clarify the distribution and components of this plate-like structure. Macroscopic examination of ...
journal_title：Anatomical science international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s12565-020-00597-1
更新日期：2021-01-08 00:00:00
abstract：:The lateral costotransverse ligament, a short band that stabilizes the costovertebral joint, is found in close proximity to the dorsal root ganglion. This ligament is an important surgical landmark during tumor resections or nerve blocks in the paravertebral space. The purpose of this study was to quantitatively and q...
journal_title：Anatomical science international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s12565-016-0381-7
更新日期：2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The current study conducted a careful description of the histological events during the embryonic development of quail stomach. Daily histological specimens from the quail stomach from day 4 to day 17 post incubation were examined by light microscopy. The primitive gut tube of the embryonic quail appeared at day 4 pos...
journal_title：Anatomical science international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s12565-015-0318-6
更新日期：2016-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The rotator cable is a semicircular thickening of the glenohumeral joint capsule. It travels between tubercles of the humerus and interweaves with the supra- and infraspinatus muscle tendons. The rotator cable anchors these tendons to the tubercles, playing the role of a suspension bridge. However, little is known abo...
journal_title：Anatomical science international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s12565-018-0447-9
更新日期：2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The extrinsic neural supply of the hypopharynx is well established. However, little is known about the intrinsic neurons and neuroendocrine cells (NECs) of the human hypopharynx that are under the influence of the extrinsic nerves. We aimed to identify and characterize such cell populations within the outer wall of th...
journal_title：Anatomical science international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s12565-014-0256-8
更新日期：2015-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:It might have been recognized that surface prismless enamel with no prism sheaths or boundaries is formed by needle-shaped crystals in parallel arrangements and shows almost the same crystal size as the underlying prismatic enamel. This study found that some island- and band-shaped prismless enamel in third molars and...
journal_title：Anatomical science international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1046/j.0022-7722.2003.00041.x
更新日期：2003-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:No prior publication studying the biomechanical and histological properties of cadavers fixed with Logan or modified Logan solution (MLS) was found in the literature. It was aimed in this study to compare MLS fixation and other cadaver preservation procedures regarding the use in basic histological studies, anatomy ed...
journal_title：Anatomical science international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s12565-019-00508-z
更新日期：2020-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We describe an anatomical variation of the right maxillary artery, discovered during dissection of a male human cadaver. The right maxillary artery bifurcates into unequal superficial (larger) and deep (smaller) divisions. Each division gives off several branches that distribute to the muscles of mastication, facial s...
journal_title：Anatomical science international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s12565-011-0106-x
更新日期：2011-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Reproductive toxicity is one of the side effects of cyclophosphamide (CP) in cancer treatment. Pumpkin seeds and Zingiber officinale are natural sources of antioxidants. We investigated the possible protective effect of combined pumpkin seed and Zingiber officinale extracts on sperm characteristics, epididymal histolo...
journal_title：Anatomical science international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s12565-015-0314-x
更新日期：2016-09-01 00:00:00
