Abstract：
:With the introduction of biological agents, over the last two decades treatment prospects in many medical fields including Rheumatology have experienced an exciting revolution. The advent of biological therapy for specifically rheumatic diseases has provided more effective control of both the underlying disease, and sustained amelioration of disease activity, compared to the pre-biological era when only anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressant drugs were available. Although the importance of potential improved clinical outcome cannot be overstated, these efficacious treatments for rheumatic diseases are not without a high cost. Biological agents are expensive and rheumatological diseases are common. The patent and regulatory data protection periods for the first and second waves of biological agents based on recombinant proteins have begun to expire, leaving open the potential for development and regulatory approval of one or more "generic" versions of these biological therapies, termed "biosimilars" or "BSs" in Europe (the term we shall use from henceforth), "subsequent entry biologics" in Canada, or "follow-on-biologics" in US. We aimed to review the critical topics of efficacy, safety and regulatory approach of upcoming biosimilars.
journal_name
Int Immunopharmacoljournal_title
International immunopharmacologyauthors
Lie G,Sciascia S,Cuadrado MJdoi
10.1016/j.intimp.2015.04.022subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2015-08-01 00:00:00pages
220-3issue
2eissn
1567-5769issn
1878-1705pii
S1567-5769(15)00186-1journal_volume
27pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:Isolating and purifying liver immune cells are crucial for observing the changes in intrahepatic immune responses during the development of liver diseases and exploring the potential immunological mechanisms. Therefore, the aim of this study was to provide an optimal protocol for isolating immune cells with a high yie...
journal_title：International immunopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106632
更新日期：2020-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Previous studies have demonstrated that polypeptides extracted from scorpion venom (PESV) inhibited cell proliferation in several tumors, however, the effect on dysfunctional and exhausted natural killer cells which contribute to tumor escape from immune surveillance remain to be elucidated. In this study, we determin...
journal_title：International immunopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.intimp.2016.03.045
更新日期：2016-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Although it is widely accepted that the "hygiene hypothesis" explains the increased incidence of asthma, the lack of suitable animal models hinders further in-depth studies of the underlying molecular immune mechanisms. Therefore, we aimed to develop a robust mouse asthma model to investigate the role of bac...
journal_title：International immunopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106453
更新日期：2020-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The potentiation of the immune system in pregnant rats was performed with Complete Freund's Adjuvant [CFA; 20μl, subcutaneous at gestation day (GD) 18] in experimentally-induced hyperthyroidism by Levo-thyroxine (L-T4; 10μg/100g of b.w., intraperitoneal from GD 2 to 17). The potential effects on the fetal neuroendocri...
journal_title：International immunopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.intimp.2015.09.004
更新日期：2015-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Pemphigus vulgaris (PV) is a rare autoimmune disease due to the production of pathogenic autoantibodies directed against desmoglein 1 and 3, usually affecting both skin and mucous membranes. Recently, rituximab, a chimeric IgG1 monoclonal antibody which targets the CD20 molecules have been regarded as a promising trea...
journal_title：International immunopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.intimp.2017.11.005
更新日期：2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Ulcerative colitis is a chronic nonspecific inflammatory disease of unknown cause. The aim of this study was to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effect of tauroursodeoxycholate in 2, 4, 6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid-induced experimental colitis in mice. After the induction of colitis for 24h, the mice were administrate...
journal_title：International immunopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.intimp.2016.04.037
更新日期：2016-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Pulmonary exposure of rodents to porcine pancreatic elastase (PPE) induces lesions that morphologically resemble human panacinar emphysema. However, there has been little work on the comprehensive analysis of this model. The present study was designed to extensively examine the biological effects of PPE on inflammatio...
journal_title：International immunopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.intimp.2010.07.016
更新日期：2010-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:High mobility group box protein 1 (HMGB1) and receptor for the advanced glycation end product (RAGE) play important roles in the development of sepsis-induced acute lung injury (ALI). Ketamine is considered to confer protective effects on ALI during sepsis. In this study, we investigated the effects of ketamine on HMG...
journal_title：International immunopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.intimp.2016.01.021
更新日期：2016-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:The precise role of innate immune responses in the early stage of traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI), especially those mediated by natural killer (NK) cells, is poorly understood. METHODS:The frequency and phenotype of NK cells from traumatic SCI patients and healthy controls were assessed by flow cytometry...
journal_title：International immunopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.intimp.2019.105722
更新日期：2019-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The effect of pifithrin (PFT)-α, a pharmacological inhibitor of p53, on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced nitric oxide (NO) production in RAW 264.7 macrophage-like cells was examined. PFT-α inhibited the production of NO but not tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α in response to LPS. PFT-α inhibited LPS-induced NO production...
journal_title：International immunopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.intimp.2013.02.014
更新日期：2013-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Stephanoside E (STE) and its aglycone Stephanthraniline A (STA) isolated from the stems of Stephanotis mucronata (Blanco) Merr. were evaluated for their suppressive potentials on Th1 and Th2 immune responses in vitro, and the effects of the C-3 sugar chains on their activities were discussed. STE and STA significantly...
journal_title：International immunopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.intimp.2010.06.021
更新日期：2010-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Chelidonic acid (CA) is known as an inhibitor of the rat brain glutamate decarboxylase. However, the pharmacological effects of CA in allergic reactions have not yet been defined. Here, we show the effects and the mechanism of CA in the ovalbumin (OVA)-sensitized allergic rhinitis (AR) model. CA significantly decrease...
journal_title：International immunopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.intimp.2010.10.002
更新日期：2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Old livers are more damaged by hepatic ischemia and reperfusion (IR) injury than young livers. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of ischemic and rapamycin preconditioning on IR injury in old livers. Young (8-week-old) and aged (60-week-old) mice were subjected to IR or a sham control procedure. The ...
journal_title：International immunopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.intimp.2019.105711
更新日期：2019-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Previously it was shown that treatment with mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) attenuated renal inflammation and glomerular injury in a model of diabetes. However, the mechanism involved in the renoprotective effects of MMF in experimental diabetes has not been clearly delineated. Diabetes was induced by injection of strepto...
journal_title：International immunopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.intimp.2005.09.006
更新日期：2006-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is a crucial pathological type of lung cancer. Immune-infiltration of the tumor microenvironment positively associated with overall survival in LUAD. TTC21A is a gene has not reported in cancer, and the mechanism behind it is still unclear. Our study assesses TTC21A role in LUAD, v...
journal_title：International immunopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.intimp.2019.106077
更新日期：2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Emodin, an anthraquinone derivative isolated from the rhizomes of Rheum palmatum, has been reported to have a protective effect against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced mastitis. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms are not well understood. The aim of this study was to investigate the molecular mechanisms of e...
journal_title：International immunopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.intimp.2014.05.019
更新日期：2014-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Although available evidence from clinical trials has shown that immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) combination therapy can lead to a series of immune-related adverse events (irAEs), the overall risk of irAEs on combination therapy has yet not been systematically reported. Therefore, we performed a meta-anal...
journal_title：International immunopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi：10.1016/j.intimp.2018.08.014
更新日期：2018-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A focused library of novel mannosylated glycophospholipids was synthesized employing imidate coupling and H-phosphate phosphorylation methods. All novel glycophospholipids were evaluated for their receptor interactions by molecular docking studies. Docking studies revealed dendritic cell-specific intercellular adhesio...
journal_title：International immunopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.intimp.2019.105684
更新日期：2019-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:There has been a rapid expansion in the use of IGIV for an ever-growing number of conditions. It is a product with an excellent safety record without the side effects of steroids or other immunosuppressive agents. There have been numerous recent advances in our understanding of the mechanisms of action of IGIV in many...
journal_title：International immunopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.intimp.2005.11.017
更新日期：2006-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Oridonin is a natural compound purified from Rabdosia rubescens that has remarkable anti-inflammatory and antitumor activities. Although oridonin has been used in traditional Chinese medicine for many years to treat inflammatory diseases, the underlying mechanisms of these activities are not well understood. In this p...
journal_title：International immunopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.intimp.2013.10.023
更新日期：2013-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Total glucosides of paeony (TGP) is a bioactive compound extracted from paeony roots and has been widely used to ameliorate inflammation in several autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. However, the anti-inflammatory effect of TGP on oral lichen planus (OLP), a chronic inflammatory oral condition characterized by T-ce...
journal_title：International immunopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.intimp.2016.04.010
更新日期：2016-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Acute lung injury (ALI) is linked with considerable morbidity and mortality. ALI can be caused by various agents, one of them being sepsis. ALI is characterized by injury to vascular endothelium and alveolar epithelium that results in edema, pulmonary immune cells infiltration and hypoxemia. Neutrophils and T cells pa...
journal_title：International immunopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106369
更新日期：2020-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Neutrophils are the first line of innate immune defense against infectious diseases. However, since their discovery by Elie Metchnikoff, they have always been considered tissue-destructive cells responsible for inflammatory tissue damage occurring during acute infections. Now, extensive research in the field of neutro...
journal_title：International immunopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.intimp.2010.08.012
更新日期：2010-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Hepatitis C virus (HCV) envelope E2 is a glycoprotein that are implicated in HCV infection by facilitating its entry and immune evasion, which in turn leads to hepatitis, hepatocellular carcinoma and other chronic liver diseases. It is reported that the HCV E2 stem region comprise a functional region for HCV entry; ho...
journal_title：International immunopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.intimp.2015.11.009
更新日期：2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The proteasome influences cellular homeostasis through the degradation of regulatory proteins, many of which are also involved in disease pathogenesis. In particular, numerous regulatory proteins associated with tumor growth, such as cyclins, cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors, tumor suppressors, and NF-κB inhibitors ...
journal_title：International immunopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.intimp.2015.11.013
更新日期：2016-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This report sought to establish the mechanistic role of sirtuin-1 (Sirt1), a NAD+-dependent deacetylase in the modulation of primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) pathogenesis. 64 PBC patients (diagnosed based on practice guidelines for American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases) and 60 healthy controls were inc...
journal_title：International immunopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106386
更新日期：2020-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cancers of the lung and pleura remain a major cause of cancer deaths, both in men and women, with strong causal relationships between cigarette smoking and asbestos fibres, and deaths from lung cancer and mesothelioma, respectively. The poor survival rates for small cell lung cancer and mesotheliomas argue powerfully ...
journal_title：International immunopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.intimp.2007.07.013
更新日期：2007-12-20 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Allergic rhinitis (AR) is characterized by a Th2 polarized immune response and soluble HLA (sHLA) molecules play an immunomodulatory role in this response. Previously, it has been reported that these molecules are increased in sera of patients with pollen-induced allergic rhinitis studied outside the pollen ...
journal_title：International immunopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.intimp.2009.04.014
更新日期：2009-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Hepatic ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury occurs in different clinical settings as hepatic transplantation, and different types of shock. I/R injury is the main cause of hepatic damage and failure due to the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inflammatory cytokines. Dimethyl fumarate (DMF), an i...
journal_title：International immunopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.intimp.2019.106131
更新日期：2020-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE), an the active component of propolis, is known to have anticarcinogenic, antiviral and various biological activities; however, the effect of CAPE on the immunomodulatory activity in vivo remains unknown. We have investigated the effect of CAPE on the immune system in female Balb/c m...
journal_title：International immunopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.intimp.2004.01.013
更新日期：2004-03-01 00:00:00
