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Immune modulation in advanced radiotherapies: Targeting out-of-field effects.

Abstract：

:By virtue of being a localized treatment modality, radiotherapy is unable to deliver a tumoricidal radiation dose to tissues outside of the irradiated field. Nevertheless, ionizing radiation may result in radiation damage mediated by a bystander like effect away from the irradiated field, but this response is likely to be modest when radiotherapy is the sole treatment modality. Over the last decade there has been a re-emergence of immune modulating therapies as anti-cancer treatment modalities. Clinical trials on vaccines have on the whole been largely disappointing, but greater response rates have been observed from the immune checkpoint modulators. A clinical benefit of using such agents has been shown in disease sites such as melanoma and non-small cell lung cancer. There is growing pre-clinical data and a number of case reports which suggest the presence of abscopal effects when radiotherapy is co-administered with immune checkpoint inhibitors, suggesting that this combination may lead to an enhanced tumour response outside of the primary treatment field. In this review, the mechanisms of such an enhanced out-of-field tumour response, the potential clinical utilities, the optimal radiotherapy delivery and considerations for clinical follow-up following treatment are discussed.

journal_name

Cancer Lett

journal_title

Cancer letters

authors

Hanna GG,Coyle VM,Prise KM

doi

10.1016/j.canlet.2015.04.007

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2015-11-28 00:00:00

pages

246-51

issue

2

eissn

0304-3835

issn

1872-7980

pii

S0304-3835(15)00265-7

journal_volume

368

pub_type

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