Abstract:
:Recently, the lignin-degrading basidiomycete Pleurotus ostreatus has become a widely used model organism for fungal genomic and transcriptomic analyses. The increasing interest in this species has led to an increasing number of studies analyzing the transcriptional regulation of multigene families that encode extracellular enzymes. Reverse transcription (RT) followed by real-time PCR is the most suitable technique for analyzing the expression of gene sets under multiple culture conditions. In this work, we tested the suitability of 13 candidate genes for their use as reference genes in P. ostreatus time course cultures for enzyme production. We applied three different statistical algorithms and obtained a combination of stable reference genes for optimal normalization of RT-quantitative PCR assays. This reference index can be used for future transcriptomic analyses and validation of transcriptome sequencing or microarray data. Moreover, we analyzed the expression patterns of a laccase and a manganese peroxidase (lacc10 and mnp3, respectively) in lignocellulose and glucose-based media using submerged, semisolid, and solid-state fermentation. By testing different normalization strategies, we demonstrate that the use of nonvalidated reference genes as internal controls leads to biased results and misinterpretations of the biological responses underlying expression changes.
journal_name
Appl Environ Microbioljournal_title
Applied and environmental microbiologyauthors
Castanera R,López-Varas L,Pisabarro AG,Ramírez Ldoi
10.1128/AEM.00402-15subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2015-06-15 00:00:00pages
4120-9issue
12eissn
0099-2240issn
1098-5336pii
AEM.00402-15journal_volume
81pub_type
杂志文章abstract::A toxic substance contained in the blue-green alga Microcystis aeruginosa was purified and partially characterized. Toxic algal cells were collected from a highly eutrophic lake in Japan, and the toxin was purified by homogenization, ultrafiltration, gel filtration, and ion-exchange chromatography. The final preparati...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.43.4.819-822.1982
更新日期:1982-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Carbazole 1,9a-dioxygenase (CARDO), a Rieske nonheme iron oxygenase (RO), is a three-component system composed of a terminal oxygenase (Oxy), ferredoxin, and a ferredoxin reductase. Oxy has angular dioxygenation activity against carbazole. Previously, site-directed mutagenesis of the Oxy-encoding gene from Janthinobac...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.04000-13
更新日期:2014-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Copper appears to be influencing the distribution and abundance of phytoplankton in marine environments, and cyanobacteria are thought to be the most sensitive of the phytoplankton groups to copper toxicity. By using growth assays of phylogenetically divergent clades, we found that coastal strains of marine Synechococ...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.00271-09
更新日期:2009-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pseudomonas aeruginosa JB2 was isolated from a polychlorinated biphenyl-contaminated soil by enrichment culture containing 2-chlorobenzoate as the sole carbon source. Strain JB2 was subsequently found also to grow on 3-chlorobenzoate, 2,3- and 2,5-dichlorobenzoates, 2,3,5-trichlorobenzoate, and a wide range of other m...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.56.12.3842-3850.1990
更新日期:1990-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Differences in individual host responses have emerged as an issue regarding the health benefits of probiotics. Here, we applied ribosome engineering (RE) technology, developed in an actinomycete study, to Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG). RE can effectively enhance microbial potential by using antibiotics to indu...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.01448-20
更新日期:2020-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::While screening aerobic, heterotrophic marine bacteria for production of volatile organic compounds, we found that a group of isolates produced substantial amounts of acetone. Acetone production was confirmed by gas chromatography, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, and high-performance liquid chromatography. The m...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.61.1.44-47.1995
更新日期:1995-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In this study, the changes in the global proteome of Salmonella in response to desiccation and thermal treatment were investigated by using an iTRAQ multiplex technique. A Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium strain was dried, equilibrated at high (1.0) and low (0.11) water activity (aw), and thermally treated at 7...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.00393-18
更新日期:2018-08-31 00:00:00
abstract::Nested PCR with three highly degenerate primers was used for amplification and identification of DNA polymerase (pol) genes from viruses which infect three genera of microalgae. Group-specific primers (AVS1 and AVS2) were designed on the basis of inferred amino acid sequences unique to the DNA pol genes of viruses (PB...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.61.4.1274-1278.1995
更新日期:1995-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Two subpopulations of Bacillus megaterium spores (1.360 and 1.355 g/ml) were obtained by density gradient centrifugation. The heavier spores had a higher thermoresistance (e.g., D(80) = 186 versus 81 min) and a higher DNA content (1.25 x 10 versus 0.65 x 10 g per spore, apparently corresponding to digenomic versus mon...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.56.9.2919-2921.1990
更新日期:1990-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Medicinal plants are valuable resources of natural antimicrobial materials. A novel small protein with antimicrobial activities, designated LJAMP1, was purified from the seeds of a medicinal herb, motherwort (Leonurus japonicus Houtt). LJAMP1 is a heat-stable protein with a molecular mass of 7.8 kDa and a determined i...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.02016-06
更新日期:2007-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::A stable shuttle vector which replicates in Escherichia coli and Clostridium perfringens was constructed by ligating a 3.6-kilobase (kb) fragment of plasmid pBR322 with C. perfringens plasmid pHB101 (3.1 kb). The marker for this shuttle plasmid originated from the 1.3-kb chloramphenicol resistance gene of plasmid pHR1...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.55.2.360-365.1989
更新日期:1989-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The kinetics of adhesion of Vibrio strains isolated from diseased fish to skin mucus of gilt-head sea bream was studied. A modified Langmuir adsorption isotherm was calculated, and the results obtained indicate that the strains tested (Vibrio alginolyticus DP1HE4 and Vibrio anguillarum-like DC12R8 and DC12R9) showed a...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.62.10.3650-3654.1996
更新日期:1996-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Flavobacterium psychrophilum, a member of the Cytophaga-Flavobacterium-Bacteroides group, is an important pathogen of salmonid fish. Previous attempts to develop genetic techniques for this fastidious, psychrotrophic bacterium have met with failure. Here we describe the development of techniques for the genetic manipu...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/aem.70.1.581-587.2004
更新日期:2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::This work presents data on the application of a bacterial luciferase used to monitor gene expression of Streptococcus thermophilus in the digestive tract. The main result is that the bacterium was able to produce an active beta-galactosidase in the digestive tract, although it did not multiply during its transit. This...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/aem.68.2.938-941.2002
更新日期:2002-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Studies of phytoplasma-insect vector interactions and epidemiological surveys of plant yellows associated with the stolbur phytoplasma (StolP) require the identification of relevant candidate genes and typing markers. A recent StolP genome survey identified a partial coding sequence, SR01H10, having no homologue in th...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.02613-08
更新日期:2009-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Microbial bioremediation is a promising approach for the removal of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) contaminants. Many degraders of PAHs possess efflux pump genes in their genomes; however, their specific roles in the degradation of PAHs have not been clearly elucidated. In this study, two efflux pumps, TtgABC a...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.01882-17
更新日期:2017-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::We have previously reported that the prominent industrial enzyme producer Trichoderma reesei (teleomorph Hypocrea jecorina; Hypocreales, Ascomycota, Dikarya) has a genetically isolated, sympatric sister species devoid of sexual reproduction and which is constituted by the majority of anamorphic strains previously attr...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.01184-10
更新日期:2010-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Flux balance analysis and phenotypic data were used to provide clues to the relationships between the activities of gene products and the phenotypes resulting from the deletion of genes involved in respiratory function in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The effect of partial or complete respiratory deficiency on the ethanol...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.00009-08
更新日期:2008-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Lactococcin 972 (Lcn972) is a nonlantibiotic bacteriocin that inhibits septum biosynthesis in Lactococcus lactis rather than forming pores in the cytoplasmic membrane. In this study, a deeper analysis of the molecular basis of the mode of action of Lcn972 was performed. Of several lipid cell wall precursors, only lipi...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.00092-08
更新日期:2008-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::An inexpensive, simple-to-construct nephelometer which was used to monitor the lysis of spheroplasts is described. The nephelometer is a flow-through device with a linear response to cell concentration from the lower detection limit to 8 x 10(8) cells per ml. ...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.44.6.1476-1478.1982
更新日期:1982-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Bacillus thuringiensis serovar israelensis (B. thuringiensis subsp. israelensis) produces four insecticidal crystal proteins (ICPs) (Cry4A, Cry4B, Cry11A, and Cyt1A). Toxicity of recombinant B. thuringiensis subsp. israelensis strains expressing only one of the toxins was determined with first instars of Tipula paludo...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.01056-06
更新日期:2007-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::We report a method which combines epifluorescence microscopy and microautoradiography to determine both the total number of microorganisms in natural water populations and those individual organisms active in the uptake of specific substrates. After incubation with H-labeled substrate, the sample is filtered and, whil...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.44.4.945-953.1982
更新日期:1982-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Both the wild type and an isogenic hydrogenase-negative mutant of Azorhizobium caulinodans growing ex planta on N(2) as the N source were studied in succinate-limited steady-state chemostat cultures under 0.2 to 3.0% dissolved O(2) tension. Production or consumption of O(2), H(2), and CO(2) was measured with an on-lin...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.60.6.1859-1866.1994
更新日期:1994-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The differential resistance of substratum-attached, detached, and planktonic cells of Salmonella enteritidis phage type 4 was studied by using several inimical processes and in vivo bioluminescence as a nondestructive, real-time reporter of metabolic activity. Bioluminescence in this strain was mediated by a construct...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.61.5.1731-1738.1995
更新日期:1995-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::A simple gel immunodiffusion agar procedure was developed for detecting toxigenic strains of Clostridium botulinum type A. The method consisted of overlaying colonies grown on thin-layer tryptone-peptone-glucose-yeast extract agar with gel diffusion agar containing desired levels of C. botulinum type A antitoxin. Conc...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.42.6.1057-1061.1981
更新日期:1981-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Phylogenetic and "fingerprinting" analyses of the 16S rRNA genes of prokaryotes have been a mainstay of microbial ecology during the last two decades. However, many methods and results from studies that rely on the 16S rRNA gene for detection and quantification of specific microbial taxa have seemingly received only c...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.02166-08
更新日期:2009-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Metabolic inhibitors were added to a culture medium inoculated with theramlly stressed Vibrio parahaemolyticus to obtain information pertaining to biosynthetic processes required for recovery from heat damage. Ribonucleic acid and protein syntheses, in addition to membrane repair, were required during recovery of inju...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.35.6.1035-1040.1978
更新日期:1978-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The microbial degradation of tensile test pieces made of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) [P(3HB)] or a copolymer of 90% 3-hydroxybutyric acid and 10% 3-hydroxyvaleric acid was studied in soils incubated at a constant temperature of 15, 28, or 40 degrees C for up to 200 days. In addition, hydrolytic degradation in sterile buff...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.59.10.3233-3238.1993
更新日期:1993-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Haa1 is a transcription factor that adapts Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells to weak organic acid stresses by activating the expression of various genes. Many of these genes encode membrane proteins, such as TPO2 and YRO2 How Haa1 is activated by weak acids is not clear. Here, we show that casein kinase I isoform Hrr25 i...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.00672-17
更新日期:2017-06-16 00:00:00
abstract::A simple replica method is described for the rapid identification of colonies of bacteria which adhere to polystyrene. A correlation was found between the adherence of bacterial strains to polystyrene and cell surface hydrophobicity, suggesting the use of this technique in screening for cell surface mutants and in the...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.42.2.375-377.1981
更新日期:1981-08-01 00:00:00