Abstract:
:The emergence of antibiotic-resistant strains in facultative anaerobic Gram-positive coccal bacteria, such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), is a global health issue. Typically, MRSA strains are found associated with institutions like hospitals but recent data suggest that they are becoming more prevalent in community-acquired infections. It is thought that the incidence and prevalence of bacterial infections will continue to increase as (a) more frequent use of broad-spectrum antibiotics and immunosuppressive medications; (b) increased number of invasive medical procedures; and (c) higher incidence of neutropenia and HIV infections. Therefore, more optimal treatments, such as photodynamic therapy (PDT), are warranted. PDT requires the interaction of light, a photosensitizing agent, and molecular oxygen to induce cytotoxic effects. In this study, we investigated the efficacy and characterized the mechanism of cytotoxicity induced by photodynamic therapy sensitized by silicon phthalocyanine (Pc) 4 on (a) methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) (ATCC 25923); (b) community acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) (ATCC 43300); and (c) hospital acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (HA-MRSA) (PFGE type 300). Our data include confocal image analysis, which confirmed that Pc 4 is taken up by all S. aureus strains, and viable cell recovery assay, which showed that concentrations as low as 1.0 μM Pc 4 incubated for 3 h at 37 °C followed by light at 2.0 J/cm2 can reduce cell survival by 2-5 logs. These results are encouraging, but before PDT can be utilized as an alternative treatment for eradicating resistant strains, we must first characterize the mechanism of cell death that Pc 4-based PDT employs in eliminating these pathogens.
journal_name
Int J Mol Scijournal_title
International journal of molecular sciencesauthors
Dimaano ML,Rozario C,Nerandzic MM,Donskey CJ,Lam M,Baron EDdoi
10.3390/ijms16047851subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2015-04-08 00:00:00pages
7851-60issue
4issn
1422-0067pii
ijms16047851journal_volume
16pub_type
杂志文章abstract:OBJECTIVES:Bladder cancer is a heterogeneous malignancy. Therefore, it is difficult to find single predictive markers. Moreover, most studies focus on either the immunohistochemical or molecular assessment of tumor tissues by next-generation sequencing (NGS) or PCR, while a combination of immunohistochemistry (IHC) and...
journal_title:International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3390/ijms21197420
更新日期:2020-10-08 00:00:00
abstract::O6-alkylguanine-DNA alkyltransferase (AGT) is the main cause of tumor cell resistance to DNA-alkylating agents, so it is valuable to design tumor-targeted AGT inhibitors with hypoxia activation. Based on the existing benchmark inhibitor O6-benzylguanine (O6-BG), four derivatives with hypoxia-reduced potential and thei...
journal_title:International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3390/ijms20246308
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abstract::Dysregulation of platelet function can contribute to the disease progression in sepsis. The proteasome represents a critical and vital element of cellular protein metabolism in platelets and its proteolytic activity has been associated with platelet function. However, the role of the platelet proteasome as well as its...
journal_title:International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
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abstract::Powdery mildew caused by Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei (Bgh) is one of the most serious diseases in barley. The numerous barley varieties across China provide valuable genetic resources to screen the resistant germplasm and to discover the primary genes of resistance to powdery mildew. In this study, Chinese barley ...
journal_title:International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3390/ijms21010151
更新日期:2019-12-24 00:00:00
abstract::Diabetic complications are the major cause of mortality for the patients with diabetes. Oxidative stress and inflammation have been recognized as important contributors for the development of many diabetic complications, such as diabetic nephropathy, hepatopathy, cardiomyopathy, and other cardiovascular diseases. Seve...
journal_title:International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3390/ijms17101629
更新日期:2016-09-24 00:00:00
abstract::We have developed a focal blast model of closed-head mild traumatic brain injury (TBI) in mice. As true for individuals that have experienced mild TBI, mice subjected to 50-60 psi blast show motor, visual and emotional deficits, diffuse axonal injury and microglial activation, but no overt neuron loss. Because microgl...
journal_title:International journal of molecular sciences
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doi:10.3390/ijms16010758
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abstract::The exposure of living organisms to environmental stress triggers defensive responses resulting in the activation of protective processes. Whenever the exposure occurs at low doses, defensive effects overwhelm the adverse effects of the exposure; this adaptive situation is referred to as "hormesis". Environmental, phy...
journal_title:International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3390/ijms21197053
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abstract::Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a deadly form of liver malignancy with limited treatment options. Amplification and/or overexpression of c-MYC is one of the most frequent genetic events in human HCC. The mammalian target of Rapamycin Complex 1 (mTORC1) is a major functional axis regulating various aspects of cellula...
journal_title:International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3390/ijms21228467
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abstract::We evaluated the potential of nine vitamin B3 scaffold-based derivatives as acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) inhibitors, as a starting point for the development of novel drugs for treating disorders with cholinergic neurotransmission-linked pathology. As the results indicate, all compounds ...
journal_title:International journal of molecular sciences
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doi:10.3390/ijms21218088
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abstract::The purpose of this study was to assess the in vitro antimicrobial activity of alkaloid-enriched extracts from Prosopis juliflora (Fabaceae) pods in order to evaluate them as feed additives for ruminants. As only the basic chloroformic extract (BCE), whose main constituents were juliprosopine (juliflorine), prosoflori...
journal_title:International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3390/ijms14048496
更新日期:2013-04-17 00:00:00
abstract::The human gastrointestinal tract is inhabited by many types of microbiota, including bacteria, viruses, and fungi. Dysregulations of their microenvironment are associated with various health problems, not only limited to gastrointestinal disorders, such as inflammatory bowel disease, but to impacts beyond the intestin...
journal_title:International journal of molecular sciences
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更新日期:2019-01-17 00:00:00
abstract::For many years, it was of interest to identify the sequences encoding the two melatonin receptors (MT₁ and MT₂) from various species. After publishing the basic molecular characterization of the human, rat, mouse, sheep, and platypus MT₁, MT₂, or Mel1c receptors, we began cloning the genes from other animals, such as ...
journal_title:International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3390/ijms19071957
更新日期:2018-07-04 00:00:00
abstract::In the absence of lymphatics, fluid and solutes such as amyloid-β (Aβ) are eliminated from the brain along basement membranes in the walls of cerebral capillaries and arteries-the Intramural Peri-Arterial Drainage (IPAD) pathway. IPAD fails with age and insoluble Aβ is deposited as plaques in the brain and in IPAD pat...
journal_title:International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3390/ijms21041225
更新日期:2020-02-12 00:00:00
abstract::Intravenous iron preparations are typically classified as non-dextran-based or dextran/dextran-based complexes. The carbohydrate shell for each of these preparations is unique and is key in determining the various physicochemical properties, the metabolic pathway, and the immunogenicity of the iron-carbohydrate comple...
journal_title:International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3390/ijms17071185
更新日期:2016-07-21 00:00:00
abstract::Type 1 diabetes mellitus is a disease involving changes to energy metabolism. Chronic hyperglycemia is a major cause of diabetes complications. Hyperglycemia induces mechanisms that generate the excessive production of reactive oxygen species, leading to the development of oxidative stress. Studies with animal models ...
journal_title:International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3390/ijms21082852
更新日期:2020-04-19 00:00:00
abstract::Despite the fact that G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are the largest signal-conveying receptor family and mediate many physiological processes, their role in tumor biology is underappreciated. Numerous lines of evidence now associate GPCRs and their downstream signaling targets in cancer growth and development. I...
journal_title:International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3390/ijms17081320
更新日期:2016-08-12 00:00:00
abstract::Legume root nodules develop as a result of a symbiotic relationship between the plant and nitrogen-fixing rhizobia bacteria in soil. Auxin activity is detected in different cell types at different stages of nodule development; as well as an enhanced sensitivity to auxin inhibits, which could affect nodule development....
journal_title:International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3390/ijms18122547
更新日期:2017-11-28 00:00:00
abstract::Wound healing is a complex process with a linear development that involves many actors in a multistep timeline commonly divided into four stages: Hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. Chronic non-healing wounds fail to progress beyond the inflammatory phase, thus precluding the next steps and, ultim...
journal_title:International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3390/ijms20153721
更新日期:2019-07-30 00:00:00
abstract::Polysaccharides from Morchella esculenta have been proven to be functional and helpful for humans. The purpose of this study was to investigate the chemical structure and anti-proliferating and antitumor activities of a Morchella esculenta polysaccharide (MEP) extracted by pulsed electric field (PEF) in submerged ferm...
journal_title:International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3390/ijms17060986
更新日期:2016-06-22 00:00:00
abstract::Lafora disease (LD, OMIM #254780) is a rare, recessively inherited neurodegenerative disease with adolescent onset, resulting in progressive myoclonus epilepsy which is fatal usually within ten years of symptom onset. The disease is caused by loss-of-function mutations in either of the two genes EPM2A (laforin) or EPM...
journal_title:International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3390/ijms18081743
更新日期:2017-08-11 00:00:00
abstract::Aging is associated with a dysregulation of the immune system, leading to a general pro-inflammatory state of the organism, a process that has been named inflamm-aging. Oxidative stress has an important role in aging and in the regulation of immune responses, probably playing a role in the development of age-related d...
journal_title:International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3390/ijms18122612
更新日期:2017-12-05 00:00:00
abstract::Clinical conditions leading to chronic pain show important sex-related differences in the prevalence, severity, and degree of functional disability. Decades of epidemiological and clinical studies have demonstrated that women are more sensitive to pain than men. Arthritis, including rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and osteo...
journal_title:International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3390/ijms21217938
更新日期:2020-10-26 00:00:00
abstract::Haemophilus parasuis (H. parasuis) can cause Glässer’s disease in pigs. However, the molecular mechanism of the inflammation response induced by H. parasuis remains unclear. The high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) protein is related to the pathogenesis of various infectious pathogens, but little is known abou...
journal_title:International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3390/ijms19051307
更新日期:2018-04-27 00:00:00
abstract::The physiological function of Arabidopsis thaliana universal stress protein (AtUSP) in plant has remained unclear. Thus, we report here the functional role of the Arabidopsis universal stress protein, AtUSP (At3g53990). To determine how AtUSP affects physiological responses towards cold stress, AtUSP overexpression (A...
journal_title:International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3390/ijms18122546
更新日期:2017-11-27 00:00:00
abstract::The members of the Burkholderia genus are characterized by high versatility and adaptability to various ecological niches. With the availability of the genome sequences of numerous species of Burkholderia, many studies have been conducted to elucidate the unique features of this exceptional group of bacteria. Genomic ...
journal_title:International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3390/ijms20010121
更新日期:2018-12-29 00:00:00
abstract::Hypoxia, a common factor ruling the microenvironment composition, leads to tumor progression. In this hypoxic context, cytokines and cells cooperate to favor cancer development and metastasis. Tumor hypoxia is heterogeneously distributed. Oxygen gradients depend on the vicinity, functionality of blood vessels, and oxy...
journal_title:International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3390/ijms21249492
更新日期:2020-12-14 00:00:00
abstract::Inflammation is involved in the pathogenesis of seawater aspiration-induced acute lung injury (ALI). Although several studies have shown that Semaphorin 7A (SEMA7A) promotes inflammation, there are limited reports regarding immunological function of SEMA7A in seawater aspiration-induced ALI. Therefore, we investigated...
journal_title:International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3390/ijms151119650
更新日期:2014-10-28 00:00:00
abstract::Class I and II histone deacetylases (HDAC) are considered important regulators of immunity and inflammation. Modulation of HDAC expression and activity is associated with altered inflammatory responses but reports are controversial and the specific impact of single HDACs is not clear. We examined class I and II HDACs ...
journal_title:International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3390/ijms21238943
更新日期:2020-11-25 00:00:00
abstract::Agricultural production continues to be constrained by a number of biotic and abiotic factors that can reduce crop yield quantity and quality. Potassium (K) is an essential nutrient that affects most of the biochemical and physiological processes that influence plant growth and metabolism. It also contributes to the s...
journal_title:International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3390/ijms14047370
更新日期:2013-04-02 00:00:00
abstract::Chitosan is a versatile compound with multiple biotechnological applications. This polymer inhibits clinically important human fungal pathogens under the same carbon and nitrogen status as in blood. Chitosan permeabilises their high-fluidity plasma membrane and increases production of intracellular oxygen species (ROS...
journal_title:International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3390/ijms20020332
更新日期:2019-01-15 00:00:00