Abstract：
:The study was designed to conduct human in vivo and in vitro studies on the gastrointestinal absorption of nanoparticles, using titanium dioxide as a model compound, and to compare nanoparticle behaviour with that of larger particles. A supplier's characterisation data may not fully describe a particle formulation. Most particles tested agreed with their supplied characterisation when assessed by particle number but significant proportions of 'nanoparticle formulations' were particles >100nm when assessed by particle weight. Oral doses are measured by weight and it is therefore important that the weight characterisation is taken into consideration. The human volunteer studies demonstrated that very little titanium dioxide is absorbed gastrointestinally after an oral challenge. There was no demonstrable difference in absorption for any of the three particle sizes tested. All tested formulations were shown to agglomerate in simulated gastric fluid, particularly in the smaller particle formulations. Further agglomeration was observed when dispersing formulations in polymeric or elemental foods. Virtually no translocation of titanium dioxide particles across the cell layer was demonstrated. This study found no evidence that nanoparticulate titanium dioxide is more likely to be absorbed in the gut than micron-sized particles.
journal_name
Toxicol Lettjournal_title
Toxicology lettersauthors
Jones K,Morton J,Smith I,Jurkschat K,Harding AH,Evans Gdoi
10.1016/j.toxlet.2014.12.005subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2015-03-04 00:00:00pages
95-101issue
2eissn
0378-4274issn
1879-3169pii
S0378-4274(14)01512-4journal_volume
233pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:Previous studies indicated that the enantiomers of thalidomide and its analogue EM12 exhibit differing teratogenic potencies. Unfortunately, these substances proved to be unstable and racemised considerably, so that the intrinsic teratogenic potencies of the pure enantiomers were difficult to elucidate. We have theref...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0378-4274(89)90099-4
更新日期：1989-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) have been demonstrated to be inducers of hepatic microsomal enzymes and some of their effects such as hormonal imbalance, and alteration of lipid and porphyrin metabolism could be ascribed to this mechanism. For this reason, the urinary excretion of D-glucaric acid (DGA), an indire...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0378-4274(03)00226-1
更新日期：2003-09-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Aluminum phosphide (AlP), a widely used fumigant and rodenticide leads to high mortality if ingested. Its toxicity is due to phosphine liberated when it comes in contact with moisture. The exact mechanism of action of phosphine is not known. In this study male Wistar rats were used. The animals received a single dose ...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.toxlet.2012.09.020
更新日期：2012-11-23 00:00:00
abstract：:Rat and canine hepatocyte suspensions were exposed to toxic concentrations of ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) and ionophore A-23187 in the presence and absence of extracellular calcium (Ca2+) and alpha-tocopheryl succinate (alpha-TS). The exogenous administration of alpha-TS (25 microM) completely protected hepatocytes f...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0378-4274(89)90086-6
更新日期：1989-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Metal oxide NPs are abundantly produced in nanotech industries and are emitted in several combustion processes, suggesting the need to characterize their toxic impact on the human respiratory system. The acute toxicity and the morphological changes induced by copper oxide and titanium dioxide NPs (nCuO and nTiO₂) on t...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.toxlet.2013.07.019
更新日期：2013-10-24 00:00:00
abstract：:Children may be inherently more vulnerable than adults to the lethal effects associated with chemical warfare nerve agent (CWNA) exposure because of their closer proximity to the ground, smaller body mass, higher respiratory rate, increased skin permeability and immature metabolic systems. Unfortunately, there have on...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.toxlet.2015.11.023
更新日期：2016-01-22 00:00:00
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journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.toxlet.2018.02.019
更新日期：2018-05-15 00:00:00
abstract：:The in vitro interactions of carbaryl and carcinogenic N-nitrosocarbaryl with rat liver microsomal monooxygenase activities are compared. The inhibitory effect of the nitroso-compound is demonstrated to be non-competitive on aminopyrine N-demethylase, p-nitroanisole O-demethylase and aniline hydroxylase. The nature of...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0378-4274(89)90016-7
更新日期：1989-02-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.toxlet.2009.08.018
更新日期：2009-12-15 00:00:00
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journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.toxlet.2018.07.017
更新日期：2018-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The skin absorption of aniline, aniline with 3% water content, and 1 and 2% aqueous aniline solutions was investigated in man. The time of exposure was 30 or 60 min. The absorbed amount of aniline was calculated on the basis of rho-aminophenol excretion in 24-h urine. The rate of aniline absorption from aqueous soluti...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0378-4274(82)90231-4
更新日期：1982-03-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0378-4274(93)90126-i
更新日期：1993-05-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.toxlet.2012.08.027
更新日期：2012-10-17 00:00:00
abstract：:Oral administration of stannous chloride (SnCl2) (1.0 mg Sn2$/kg body weight) to rats, twice daily for 28 days, caused a significant increase in the tin (Sn) content and a corresponding decrease of the calcium (Ca) content in the femoral epiphysis, but was without effect on serum Ca, intestinal Ca absorption, and urin...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0378-4274(82)90259-4
更新日期：1982-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Spontaneous and mitomycin C-induced sister chromatid exchanges (SCEs) in lymphocytes were analyzed in 24 non-smokers and 24 sex- and age-matched smokers. Mean spontaneous SCE frequency for non-smokers was 9.8 SCEs/cell, and that for smokers was 11.5 SCEs/cell. The difference was statistically significant (P less than ...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0378-4274(85)90210-3
更新日期：1985-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Amiodarone (AM) is an efficacious antidysrhythmic agent that is limited clinically by numerous adverse effects. Of greatest concern is AM-induced pulmonary toxicity (AIPT) due to the potential for mortality. Mitochondrial alterations and free radicals have been implicated in the etiology of AM-induced toxicities, incl...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0378-4274(98)00097-6
更新日期：1998-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The effect of chlordimeform (CDM) treatment on the hepatic microsomal drug metabolizing enzymes was examined in male and female rats following either acute or repeated treatment. After acute administration of chlordimeform (100 mg/kg, i.p., 1 hour before killing) differential effects were observed in various parameter...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0378-4274(83)90072-3
更新日期：1983-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Several incidences of reduction in the fertility (sperm count) have been reported in India and worldwide as well. Adulteration of food and consumption of adulterated mustard oil with argemone oil (AO) are presumed to be the factors for reduction in sperm count. In the present study we have studied the exfoliation of g...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.toxlet.2009.01.006
更新日期：2009-04-25 00:00:00
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journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.toxlet.2008.03.005
更新日期：2008-05-30 00:00:00
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journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0378-4274(87)90208-6
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journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0378-4274(02)00416-2
更新日期：2003-03-03 00:00:00
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journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.toxlet.2018.07.019
更新日期：2018-10-15 00:00:00
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journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0378-4274(03)00113-9
更新日期：2003-06-05 00:00:00
abstract：:Goniothalamin, a styryllactone, has been shown to induce cytotoxicity via apoptosis in several tumor cell lines. In this study, we have examined the potential role of several genes, which were stably transfected into T-cell lines and which regulate apoptosis in different ways, on goniothalamin-induced cell death. Over...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.toxlet.2009.08.012
更新日期：2009-12-15 00:00:00
abstract：:It is well known that the oral administration of di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) produces severe seminiferous tubular atrophy in rats, but mice are far less sensitive. In the present experiment, we demonstrated that one strain of mice derived from ICR mice, Crj:CD-1, was very sensitive to DEHP-induced testicular inju...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0378-4274(93)90078-c
更新日期：1993-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Grain should be harvested at lowest possible humidity, or immediately dried to safe storage humidity to prevent the growth of fungi. Critical steps of grain harvest like conditions of used combine harvester, temperatures and aeration are discussed on their impact on mycotoxin formation. ...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.toxlet.2004.04.043
更新日期：2004-10-10 00:00:00
abstract：:The gut microbiome has tremendous potential to impact health and disease. Various environmental toxicants, including insecticides, have been shown to alter gut microbiome community structures. However, the mechanism that compositionally and functionally regulates gut microbiota remains unclear. Quorum sensing is known...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.toxlet.2017.10.023
更新日期：2018-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Mutagenic activity of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) was followed in the Ames Salmonella/microsome test using liver S-9 from control and partially hepatectomized (PH) mice. The S-9 preparations from the PH mice were capable of inducing significantly greater AFB1 mutagenic activity to strain TA100 than S-9 preparations from eithe...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0378-4274(82)90060-1
更新日期：1982-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A growing body of evidence suggests HIV patients are at a greater risk for developing atherosclerosis. However, clinical investigations have generated conflicting results with regard to whether antiretrovirals are independently involved in the development of HIV-associated atherosclerosis. By administering antiretrovi...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.toxlet.2009.02.017
更新日期：2009-06-22 00:00:00
abstract：:Similar to other types of neuronal degeneration, Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by the aggregation of a pathological protein, α-synuclein. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is the principal site of protein synthesis, quality control and degradation. Genetic mutants, environmental insults and other factors dist...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.toxlet.2020.01.019
更新日期：2020-05-15 00:00:00
