Empagliflozin for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.

Abstract:

INTRODUCTION:Despite the availability of numerous anti-diabetes drugs and treatment guidelines, many patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) do not reach recommended targets for glycemic control. There remains an unmet need for effective and well-tolerated anti-diabetes agents that can be used as monotherapy or in combination with other therapies to improve glycemic control in patients with T2DM. Sodium glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors are a new class of treatment for T2DM that reduce hyperglycemia by reducing renal glucose reabsorption and thereby increasing urinary glucose excretion. AREAS COVERED:This paper reviews the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of the SGLT2 inhibitor empagliflozin , the results of clinical trials investigating the efficacy of empagliflozin given as monotherapy or as add-on therapy on glycemic control, body weight, and blood pressure in patients with T2DM, and the safety and tolerability profile of empagliflozin. EXPERT OPINION:Empagliflozin offers good glycemic efficacy, weight loss, blood pressure reduction, and a low risk of hypoglycemia. These attributes, coupled with the ability to be used in virtually any combination with other anti-diabetes agents and at any stage in the disease process, provide a welcome new agent to our armamentarium of drugs to help manage T2DM.

authors

Jahagirdar V,Barnett AH

doi

10.1517/14656566.2014.966078

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2014-11-01 00:00:00

pages

2429-41

issue

16

eissn

1465-6566

issn

1744-7666

journal_volume

15

pub_type

杂志文章,评审
  • Several options for antiviral treatment trials in multiple sclerosis--but which targets should be selected?

    abstract::Involvement of viruses in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS) is a long-lived hypothesis, which is has not yet been proven nor refuted. This is partly due to difficulties in the evaluation of diagnostic findings on persistent infections by common viruses such as herpesviruses and endogenous retroviruses. Progr...

    journal_title:Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1517/14656566.1.6.1087

    authors: Bergström T

    更新日期:2000-09-01 00:00:00

  • Orlistat in the treatment of obesity.

    abstract::Orlistat (Xenical, Hoffmann-La Roche) is a powerful inhibitor of gastrointestinal lipase and as such, reduces fat absorption. Unlike other weight-reducing drugs it is minimally absorbed and has no effects in the CNS. Orlistat is indicated for patients with a body mass index (BMI) of at least 30 kg/m2 or 28 kg/m2 in th...

    journal_title:Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1517/14656566.1.4.841

    authors: Ballinger A

    更新日期:2000-05-01 00:00:00

  • Nesiritide: a reappraisal of efficacy and safety.

    abstract::The treatment of acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) remains a therapeutic challenge. Nesiritide was approved by the FDA in 2001 for the treatment of patients with ADHF who have dyspnea at rest or with minimal exertion. Although widely adopted for the treatment of ADHF due to its ability to decrease ventricular f...

    journal_title:Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1517/14656566.8.3.361

    authors: Shah SJ,Teerlink JR

    更新日期:2007-02-01 00:00:00

  • A pharmacoeconomic appraisal of therapies for hepatitis B and C.

    abstract::In the recent years, advances in the treatment of chronic hepatitis B and C have shown that newer, more expensive therapy may result in higher sustained viral response rates. In light of this, the pertinent question for healthcare decision-makers centres around whether this increase in efficacy 'justifies' the additio...

    journal_title:Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1517/14656566.2.2.205

    authors: Younossi ZM,Temple ME,Shermock KM

    更新日期:2001-02-01 00:00:00

  • Recent advances in the medical therapy of Crohn's disease in childhood.

    abstract::Crohn's disease (CrD) is characterised by an ongoing inflammatory response in the gut, in the absence of an obvious trigger. The treatment of CrD in children, during relapse and remission, requires special consideration of growth and development. This review addresses the use of present medical management strategies, ...

    journal_title:Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1517/14656566.8.15.2553

    authors: Bremner AR,Beattie RM

    更新日期:2007-10-01 00:00:00

  • Child cured of HIV: can this be repeated?

    abstract::Eradication of HIV infection is the most challenging research area in the HIV/AIDS field. Treatment of HIV infection with antiretrovirals halts viral replication but fails to eradicate infection because it does not eliminate latent viruses. Eradication has only been achieved in one exceptional case after bone marrow t...

    journal_title:Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy

    pub_type: 社论

    doi:10.1517/14656566.2013.835396

    authors: Blanco J

    更新日期:2013-12-01 00:00:00

  • Pharmacogenetics of colorectal cancer.

    abstract::Colorectal cancer is one of the most common types of cancer in both men and women. Multiple chemotherapy combinations exist; however, there is currently no strategy for individualised therapy selection prior to treatment. Genetic polymorphisms in genes involved in the metabolism, transport or targets for the commonly ...

    journal_title:Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1517/14656566.6.15.2607

    authors: Marsh S

    更新日期:2005-12-01 00:00:00

  • Ezetimibe plus simvastatin for the treatment of hypercholesterolemia.

    abstract:INTRODUCTION:Cardiovascular disease is a major cause of death, and hypercholesterolemia is a major risk factor. Statins, with simvastatin among the most widely used, have ample evidence demonstrating prevention of cardiovascular events and mortality. Ezetimibe is effective at improving serum lipids in combination with ...

    journal_title:Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1517/14656566.2015.1041504

    authors: Gryn SE,Hegele RA

    更新日期:2015-06-01 00:00:00

  • Abacavir/lamividune combination in the treatment of HIV-1 infection: a review.

    abstract::Consensus guidelines for the management of HIV infection recommend the use of two nucleoside analogues in combination with either a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor or a ritonavir-boosted protease inhibitor in therapy-naive patients. As adherence is crucial for treatment success, regimens with fewer pill...

    journal_title:Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1517/14656566.7.18.2571

    authors: Waters L,Moyle G

    更新日期:2006-12-01 00:00:00

  • Treatment options in Waldenström's macroglobulinaemia: the role of the purine analogues.

    abstract::The purine nucleoside analogues, either alone or in combination with other chemotherapeutic agents, are increasingly used in the treatment of patients with indolent B-cell lymphoproliferative disorders. The initial studies in Waldenström's macroglobulinaemia (WM) are very promising. Approximately 40% of patients who h...

    journal_title:Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1517/14656566.2.6.945

    authors: Owen RG

    更新日期:2001-06-01 00:00:00

  • Immunosuppressive therapy of childhood idiopathic nephrotic syndrome.

    abstract::Childhood nephrotic syndrome (NS) is a distressing chronic renal disorder with potentially life threatening complications. Over 80% of cases in children are due to minimal change disease and the majority will respond to corticosteroid therapy. Steroid-sensitive NS is considered a relatively benign condition, since pro...

    journal_title:Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1517/14656566.3.5.513

    authors: Abeyagunawardena A,Brogan PA,Trompeter RS,Dillon MJ

    更新日期:2002-05-01 00:00:00

  • Cardiac sodium channels and inherited electrophysiological disorders: an update on the pharmacotherapy.

    abstract:INTRODUCTION:Since the recognition of inherited sodium (Na(+)) channel disease, the cardiac Na(+) channel has been extensively studied. Both loss-of-function and gain-of-function mutations of the cardiac Na(+) channel are associated with cardiac arrhythmia and sudden cardiac death. Pathophysiological mechanisms that ma...

    journal_title:Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1517/14656566.2014.936380

    authors: van Hoeijen DA,Blom MT,Tan HL

    更新日期:2014-09-01 00:00:00

  • Comparative evaluation of efficacy and safety of cefotaxime-sulbactam with amoxicillin-clavulanic acid in children with lower respiratory tract infections.

    abstract:OBJECTIVE:Beta-lactamase producing bacteria present a major problem in treating lower respiratory tract infections. The objective of this study was to evaluate efficacy and safety of cefotaxime-sulbactam combination versus amoxicillin-clavulanic acid injection as an alternative therapeutic option for treatment of lower...

    journal_title:Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy

    pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验

    doi:10.1517/14656566.9.16.2751

    authors: Pareek A,Kulkarni M,Daga S,Deshpande A,Chandurkar N

    更新日期:2008-11-01 00:00:00

  • Management of bone mineral density in HIV-infected patients.

    abstract:INTRODUCTION:Loss of bone mineral density is an emerging problem in persons living with HIV infection. Earlier and more rapid bone demineralization has been attributed not only to the high prevalence of traditional risk factors, but also to specific HIV-related factors. The aim of this guidance is to stimulate an appro...

    journal_title:Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1517/14656566.2016.1146690

    authors: Negredo E,Bonjoch A,Clotet B

    更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00

  • Pharmacological management of paracoccidioidomycosis.

    abstract::A systemic and endemic emerging mycosis in Latin America, paracoccidioidomycosis, is characterised by its chronicity and by the severity of the disseminated form in healthy individuals, as well as in immunocompromised individuals co-infected with HIV, resulting, in the latter, in a mortality rate in the range of 30 - ...

    journal_title:Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1517/14656566.6.3.385

    authors: Yasuda MA

    更新日期:2005-03-01 00:00:00

  • Pharmacotherapy of retinal disease with visual cycle modulators.

    abstract:INTRODUCTION:Pharmacotherapy with visual cycle modulators (VCMs) is under investigation for retinitis pigmentosa (RP), Leber congenital amaurosis (LCA), Stargardt macular dystrophy (SMD) and nonexudative age-related macular degeneration (AMD), all blinding diseases that lack effective treatment options. AREAS COVERED:...

    journal_title:Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1080/14656566.2018.1448060

    authors: Hussain RM,Gregori NZ,Ciulla TA,Lam BL

    更新日期:2018-04-01 00:00:00

  • Update on pharmacotherapy of myoclonic seizures.

    abstract:INTRODUCTION:Myoclonic seizures are brief, involuntary muscular jerks arising from the central nervous system that can occur in different epilepsy syndromes, including idiopathic generalized epilepsies or the most severe group of epileptic encephalopathies. Valproate is commonly the first choice alone or in combination...

    journal_title:Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1080/14656566.2017.1280459

    authors: Striano P,Belcastro V

    更新日期:2017-02-01 00:00:00

  • Long-term oral carvedilol in chronic heart failure.

    abstract::The long-term beta-blockade strategy with carvedilol, metoprolol succinate or bisoprolol is now strongly recommended to reduce the rates of mortality and morbidity in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF). Although the benefits observed with such drugs are viewed as a class effect, theoretically, carvedilol might ...

    journal_title:Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1517/14656566.5.6.1359

    authors: Di Lenarda A,Sabbadini G,Moretti M,Sinagra G

    更新日期:2004-06-01 00:00:00

  • Indacaterol: a new long-acting β2-agonist in the management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

    abstract:INTRODUCTION:Bronchodilators represent the mainstay of symptomatic treatment for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The principal bronchodilator agents are β(2)-agonists, anticholinergics and methylxanthines, used singly or in combination. Indacaterol is a novel long-acting β(2)-agonist for maintenance bronc...

    journal_title:Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1517/14656566.2012.674513

    authors: Steiropoulos P,Papanas N,Nena E,Bouros D

    更新日期:2012-05-01 00:00:00

  • A pharmacoeconomic analysis of severe psoriasis therapy: a review of treatment choices and cost efficiency.

    abstract:INTRODUCTION:Psoriasis is a chronic, inflammatory disease afflicting 2% of the US population; it results in significant morbidity. The annual healthcare costs related to psoriasis are an estimated $11.3 billion and, with an expanding biologic market, an updated costs analysis is needed. AREAS COVERED:Current treatment...

    journal_title:Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1517/14656566.2011.590475

    authors: Staidle JP,Dabade TS,Feldman SR

    更新日期:2011-09-01 00:00:00

  • The use of alpha-adrenoceptor antagonists in lower urinary tract disease.

    abstract::alpha-adrenoceptor antagonists have traditionally been used in the treatment of hypertension but in recent years they have become increasingly common in the treatment of benign prostatic enlargement (BPE), where they reduce the 'dynamic' component of bladder outlet obstruction and appear to have additional actions to ...

    journal_title:Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1517/14656566.3.2.167

    authors: Chess-Williams R

    更新日期:2002-02-01 00:00:00

  • Pharmacotherapy of postpartum depression: an update.

    abstract:INTRODUCTION:Postpartum depression (PPD) is a common and serious illness that affects up to 14% of women in the first month after childbirth. We present an update on the pharmacologic treatment of PPD, although there continues to be a lack of large, randomized controlled trials (RCTs). AREAS COVERED:A review of the li...

    journal_title:Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1517/14656566.2014.911842

    authors: Kim DR,Epperson CN,Weiss AR,Wisner KL

    更新日期:2014-06-01 00:00:00

  • Pharmacological management of renal fibrotic disease.

    abstract::Chronic kidney diseases frequently advance to end-stage renal failure, and the number of patients affected is steadily increasing worldwide. At the molecular level, progression of renal insufficiency correlates closely with ongoing pathological matrix protein expansion (i.e., renal fibrosis), in a manner independent o...

    journal_title:Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1517/14656566.7.4.377

    authors: Gaedeke J,Neumayer HH,Peters H

    更新日期:2006-03-01 00:00:00

  • Current and emerging drug treatment strategies for peripheral arterial disease.

    abstract:INTRODUCTION:Peripheral artery disease (PAD) is a prevalent but underdiagnosed manifestation of atherosclerosis that has a worse prognosis than coronary artery disease. Patients with PAD are at heightened risk of both systemic cardiovascular adverse events and limb-related morbidity. There is insufficient awareness of ...

    journal_title:Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1080/14656566.2020.1774556

    authors: Essa H,Torella F,Lip GYH

    更新日期:2020-09-01 00:00:00

  • Once-monthly paliperidone palmitate in recently diagnosed and chronic non-acute patients with schizophrenia.

    abstract:OBJECTIVE:To explore the treatment response, tolerability and safety of once-monthly paliperidone palmitate (PP1M) in non-acute patients switched from oral antipsychotics, stratified by time since diagnosis as recently diagnosed (≤3 years) or chronic patients (>3 years). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS:Post hoc analysis o...

    journal_title:Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy

    pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究

    doi:10.1080/14656566.2016.1174692

    authors: Hargarter L,Bergmans P,Cherubin P,Keim S,Conca A,Serrano-Blanco A,Bitter I,Bilanakis N,Schreiner A

    更新日期:2016-06-01 00:00:00

  • Non-insulin pharmacological therapies for treating type 1 diabetes.

    abstract:INTRODUCTION:Despite intensified insulin treatment, many persons with type 1 diabetes (T1D) do not achieve glycemic and metabolic targets. Consequently, non-insulin chemical therapies that improve glycemic control and metabolic parameters without increasing the risk of adverse events (including hypoglycemia) are of int...

    journal_title:Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1080/14656566.2018.1483339

    authors: Frandsen CS,Dejgaard TF,Madsbad S,Holst JJ

    更新日期:2018-06-01 00:00:00

  • Recent important trials of pharmacotherapy in Parkinson's disease.

    abstract::Parkinson's disease (PD) affects approximately 1% of individuals > 60 years. Of these PD patients approximately 40% suffer dementia in later life. Levodopa is commonly used in the treatment of PD. Experimental evidence suggests that the dopamine synthesised from levodopa may contribute to the further degeneration of d...

    journal_title:Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1517/14656566.6.6.1025

    authors: Doggrell SA

    更新日期:2005-06-01 00:00:00

  • Pharmacological management of depression in patients with multiple sclerosis.

    abstract:INTRODUCTION:The pharmacotherapeutic management of depression in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) is a matter of debate that cannot be decided from the evidence available in the current literature. Therefore, its management essentially relies on the clinical experience of the prescribing clinician rather than on e...

    journal_title:Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1080/14656566.2018.1516207

    authors: Carta MG,Paribello P,Anastasia A,De Berardis D,Nardi AE,Fornaro M

    更新日期:2018-10-01 00:00:00

  • Oseltamivir in the management of influenza.

    abstract::Seasonal influenza causes significant morbidity and mortality in adults and children. However, a worldwide influenza pandemic could cause considerably more deaths (20-40 million) and would majorly disrupt everyday life in most countries. Oseltamivir has proven to be safe and effective for the prevention or treatment o...

    journal_title:Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1517/14656566.6.14.2493

    authors: Oxford J

    更新日期:2005-11-01 00:00:00

  • Recent developments in antibiotic agents for the treatment of complicated intra-abdominal infections.

    abstract:INTRODUCTION:Treatment of complicated intra-abdominal infections (cIAIs) is becoming increasingly difficult because of the widespread emergence of multidrug-resistant organisms. AREAS COVERED:In this review, we discuss the effectiveness of several new antibiotics for the treatment of cIAIs, including new β-lactamase i...

    journal_title:Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1517/14656566.2016.1122756

    authors: Lin SY,Huang CH,Ko WC,Chen YH,Hsueh PR

    更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00