Abstract：
OBJECTIVE:To review the development of T follicular helper (TFH) cells and their role in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) pathogenesis, the effect of dendritic cells (DCs) on TFH cells in SLE, as well as the potential use of TFH cells as a new therapeutic target in clinical practice. DATA SOURCES:The data used in this review were retrieved mainly from the PubMed database (1989-2013). The terms used in the literature search were "T follicular helper cells," "systemic lupus erythematosus," and "dendritic cells." STUDY SELECTION:Relevant publications about the TFH cells development, the interaction between the TFH cells and the DCs, and the clinical applications of TFH cells were identified, retrieved, and reviewed. RESULTS:TFH cells, a novel distinct CD4+ T cell subset, are specialized in providing help to B cells in the formation of germinal centers (GCs) and long-term protective humoral immune responses. The development of TFH cells from naïve CD4+ T cell is a multistep process. As the pivot of immunoregulation, DCs are indispensable for TFH cells generation. In addition to receptor-ligand interactions between TFH cells and DCs, the cytokines secreted by DCs are also necessary for TFH cell generation. TFH cell dysregulation has been implicated in the development of SLE. More evidence from animal models of SLE and SLE patients suggests that TFH cells are necessary for pathogenic autoantibody production. Therefore, therapeutically targeting TFH cells can be a promising approach to treat antibody-mediated autoimmune diseases including SLE. CONCLUSION:TFH cells play a critical role in the pathogenesis of SLE, making them attractive therapeutic targets in clinical practice.
journal_name
Chin Med J (Engl)journal_title
Chinese medical journalauthors
Ma H,Wan S,Xia Csubject
Has Abstractpub_date
2014-01-01 00:00:00pages
3496-502issue
19eissn
0366-6999issn
2542-5641journal_volume
127pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：BACKGROUND:The most typical cardiac abnormality is conotruncal defects (CTDs) in patients with 22q11 deletion syndrome (22q11DS). HIRA (histone cell cycle regulator) gene, as one of the candidate genes located at the critical region of 22q11DS, was reported as possibly relevant to CTD in animal models. This study aimed...
journal_title：Chinese medical journal
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.4103/0366-6999.191745
更新日期：2016-10-20 00:00:00
abstract：: ...
journal_title：Chinese medical journal
pub_type： 信件
doi：10.4103/0366-6999.246080
更新日期：2018-12-05 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Successful antiretroviral therapy (ART) has been demonstrated to be effective in reducing the infectivity of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). We conducted a study to predict the potential effect of ART on the spread of HIV in Chaoyang District, Beijing, China, using the Asian Epidemic Model (AEM). METHOD...
journal_title：Chinese medical journal
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.4103/0366-6999.196571
更新日期：2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:It is important to modulate the expression of glucocorticoids receptor (GR) in tress and maintain the immunity homeostasis in sepsis process. Rhubarb have been shown to have potential effects on anti-inflammatory and immune modulation. The present study was designed to investigate the effects of rhubarb on t...
journal_title：Chinese medical journal
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1097/CM9.0000000000000201
更新日期：2019-05-20 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Transradial approach catheterization is now widely used in coronary angiography and angioplasty. The ulnar artery, which is one of the two terminal branches of the brachial artery, may be a potential approach for cardiac catheterization. The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety and feasibility of a t...
journal_title：Chinese medical journal
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：
更新日期：2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Studies on selected patients undergoing off-pump versus on-pump coronary artery bypass surgery have produced inconsistent results, especially in patients with multiple coronary artery disease. This study compared the clinical results of on-pump and off-pump coronary bypass surgery in patients with triple-ves...
journal_title：Chinese medical journal
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2004-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:198 preterm delivery placentas of 28 weeks to less than 37 weeks pregnancy were analyzed. Gross examination revealed that the differences of placenta previa and low implantation (2.91%), bipartate placenta and rupture of marginal sinus (0.97% respectively), large placenta (2.91%), short cord (4.85%), velamentous inser...
journal_title：Chinese medical journal
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1990-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To investigate the antitumor immune efficiency of mouse dendritic cells (mDCs) by using adenovirus-mediated tumor necrosis factor-alpha (AdV-TNF-alpha) gene transfer. METHODS:MDCs infected with AdV-TNF-alpha and AdV-pLpA (no gene insert) at 100 multiplicity of infection (MOI) were analyzed by RNase protectio...
journal_title：Chinese medical journal
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2002-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:In China the ginseng root began to be used in medicine over 2000 years ago. Ginsenosides are the most important component isolated from ginseng. The authors investigated the effect of ginsenoside Rg1 on the spectrum of gene expression in the endothelial cells stimulated by TNF-alpha and further explored the ...
journal_title：Chinese medical journal
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2004-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Recently, substrate mapping (SM) has been described to facilitate catheter ablation of stable and unstable ventricular tachycardia (VT) after myocardial infarction. However, SM is time consuming with potential disadvantages of multiple ablation lines such as impairment of ventricular function or proarrhythmi...
journal_title：Chinese medical journal
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2006-07-20 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Functional neuroimaging study has opened an avenue for exploring the pathophysiology of cluster headache (CH). The aim of our study was to assess the changes in brain activity in CH patients by the regional homogeneity method using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging technique. METHODS:The f...
journal_title：Chinese medical journal
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2012-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Jaw osteonecrosis possibly associated with the administration of bisphosphonates is expected to be treated with a non-pharmacologic approach. This study aimed to determine whether noninvasive, mechanically mediated vibration would inhibit the decline in bone mineral density (BMD) that follows menopause, enha...
journal_title：Chinese medical journal
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2008-07-05 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) alpha is one of the subtypes of PPARs. It regulates metabolism of lipid and lipoprotein, as well as glucose homeostasis. In addition, PPARalpha influences cellular proliferation, inflammation, differentiation and apoptosis, which plays a vital role in cardiov...
journal_title：Chinese medical journal
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2008-08-20 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Some patients with pelvic organ prolapse may suffer from lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS), especially stress urinary incontinence (SUI) named de novo SUI after pelvic floor reconstruction. This study aimed to investigate the incidence and risk factors of de novo SUI. METHODS:This is a nested case-control...
journal_title：Chinese medical journal
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.4103/0366-6999.201592
更新日期：2017-03-20 00:00:00
abstract：:Using scanning electron microscope (SEM), The CSF leucocytes from 3 healthy subjects and 12 patients with various NS diseases were observed. The findings were used to compare with those by optical microscope (OM) and those of human peripheral blood cells by SEM. Five types of CSF cells with particular surface structur...
journal_title：Chinese medical journal
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1989-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Previous studies demonstrated general anesthetics affect potassium ion channels, which may be one of the mechanisms of general anesthesia. Because the effect of etomidate on potassium channels in rat hippocampus which is involved in memory function has not been studied, we investigated the effects of etomida...
journal_title：Chinese medical journal
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2010-03-20 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Colon cancer is one of the major malignancies worldwide and it still remains resistant to much of the currently available chemotherapy. Downregulation of HGF/c-Met signaling pathway is an emerging therapy for cancer treatment. METHODS:In this study, the inhibitory effects of c-Met phosphorylation were obser...
journal_title：Chinese medical journal
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2013-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To determine whether mutation of the coding or junction region of glucokinase gene (GCK) is also the pathogenic cause of the common form of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) in Chinese. METHODS:Single strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) analysis was performed after the 12 exons and junction...
journal_title：Chinese medical journal
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1996-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Early diagnosis and accurate staging are important to improve the cure rate and prognosis for pancreatic cancer. This study was performed to develop an automatic and accurate imaging processing technique system, allowing this system to read computed tomography (CT) images correctly and make diagnosis of panc...
journal_title：Chinese medical journal
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1097/CM9.0000000000000544
更新日期：2019-12-05 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Alveolar echinococcosis (AE) is a disease in human and animals, and the cure rate is unsatisfactory. This study aimed to investigate the curative efficacy of different doses of locally applied radiotherapy on alveolar echinococcosis in rats. METHODS:Rats infected with Echinococcus multilocularis were random...
journal_title：Chinese medical journal
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2011-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of misoprostol in term labour induction. DATA SOURCES:Data from published English and Chinese literatures about misoprostol in term labour induction were identified from Medline and CBMdisk (using the search terms "misoprostol" and "labour induction") before 2001; hand sea...
journal_title：Chinese medical journal
pub_type： 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi：
更新日期：2004-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Combination therapy is an effective method to reduce the blood pressure (BP) for patients with hypertension. This study was performed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of benazepril/lercanidipine compared with benazepril alone in patients with mild-to-moderate hypertension. METHODS:One hundred and eighty-...
journal_title：Chinese medical journal
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：
更新日期：2013-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Various experimental and clinical studies have reported on coronary microcirculatory dysfunction ("no-reflow" phenomenon). Nevertheless, pathogenesis and effective treatment are yet to be fully elucidated. This study aimed to measure the intracoronary pressure gradient in the no-reflow artery during emergent...
journal_title：Chinese medical journal
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1097/CM9.0000000000000709
更新日期：2020-04-05 00:00:00
abstract：:Since February 1982, 23 patients with scoliosis were treated by releasing the soft tissues on the concave side and plaster spinal fusion jacket. Of these patients, 13 had congenital scoliosis and 10 idiopathic scoliosis. Follow-up for 1 to 8.5 years showed that the results of correction were satisfactory. The maximum ...
journal_title：Chinese medical journal
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1992-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Endolymphatic sac papillary tumor (ELST) is an extremely rare and aggressive tumor characterized by hearing loss and temporal bone destruction. A case with clinical, imaging, pathologic and treatment data is reported and relevant literature is reviewed. A 25-year-old woman, with ELST underwent craniotomy for tumor sub...
journal_title：Chinese medical journal
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：2011-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To investigate the feasibility of adrenal sparing surgery for selected renal cell carcinoma (RCC), since the necessity of routine adrenalectomy during radical nephrectomy for RCC has been challenged in recent years. METHODS:178 patients underwent perifascial nephrectomy in a 16-year period. Of these patients...
journal_title：Chinese medical journal
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1998-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Pancreatic cancer is a highly malignant tumor affecting an ever increasing number of patients with a mean 5-year survival rate below 4%. Therefore, gene therapy for cancer has become a potential novel therapeutic modality. In this study we sought to determine the inhibitory effects of adenovirus-mediated hum...
journal_title：Chinese medical journal
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2008-10-20 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Dry eye patients suffer from all kinds of symptoms. Sometimes, the clinical signs evaluation does not disclose any obvious difference in routine examination; in vivo confocal microscopy (IVCM) is a powerful tool for ocular surface disease. This study aimed to clarify meibomian gland (MG) alterations in dry e...
journal_title：Chinese medical journal
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.4103/0366-6999.192782
更新日期：2016-11-05 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) exerts strong fibrogenic potential in culture-activated HSCs. Smad4 is a key intracellular mediator for the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) superfamily of growth factors. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of the antisense Smad4 gene on Ito...
journal_title：Chinese medical journal
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2004-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Although there are several drugs and drug combinations for the treatment of Pneumocystis carinii (P. carinii) pneumonia, all drugs have the toxicity as well as low efficacy. Iron chelators have been proposed as a source of new drugs for combating these infections. We hypothesized that iron chelators would su...
journal_title：Chinese medical journal
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2004-11-01 00:00:00
