Studies of human sex ratios at birth may lead to the understanding of several forms of pathology.

Abstract:

:This article deals with the problem of the causes of the variation of sex ratio (proportion male) at birth. This problem is common to a number of areas in biology and medicine, for example, obstetrics, neurology/psychiatry, parasitology, virology, oncology, and teratology. It is established that there are signifi cantly biased, but unexplained, sex ratios in each of these fields. Yet workers in them (with the possible exception of virology) have regarded the problem as a minor loose end, irrelevant to the field's major problems. However, as far as I know, no one has previously noted that unexplained biased sex ratios occur, and thus pose (perhaps similar) problems, in all these fields. Here it is suggested that similar sorts of solutions apply in each. Further research is proposed for testing each solution. If the argument here is substantially correct across this range of topics, it may lead to an improved understanding not only of sex ratio but also of some of the pathologies in these specialties.

journal_name

Hum Biol

journal_title

Human biology

authors

James WH

doi

10.3378/027.085.0513

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2013-10-01 00:00:00

pages

769-88

issue

5

eissn

0018-7143

issn

1534-6617

journal_volume

85

pub_type

杂志文章,评审
  • Evolutionary relationships between black South American and African populations.

    abstract::Data related to ten protein genetic loci expressed in blood obtained from four South American black populations were compared with data from seven African countries. Estimates of admixture among South American blacks were revised, and several indexes of gene diversity and genetic distances between the 11 populations w...

    journal_title:Human biology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:

    authors: Bortolini MC,Weimer Tde A,Salzano FM,Callegari-Jacques SM,Schneider H,Layrisse Z,Bonatto SL

    更新日期:1995-08-01 00:00:00

  • Origin and population structure of the Icelanders.

    abstract::The Norse and Celtic contributions to the founding population of Iceland have been estimated previously on a pan-Icelandic basis using gene frequency data for the entire island. Accounts of the settlement of Iceland, however, suggest that different regions received different proportions of Norse and Celtic settlers, i...

    journal_title:Human biology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:

    authors: Williams JT

    更新日期:1993-04-01 00:00:00

  • Reasons for failure of genetic classifications of South Amerind populations.

    abstract::Previous attempts to classify South American Indian tribes according to genetic characteristics have failed to yield a hierarchical system of relationships. This can be explained by the facts that (1) tribal populations did not evolve through sequential fissions but through frequent fusions of groups with diverse hist...

    journal_title:Human biology

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:

    authors: Black FL

    更新日期:1991-12-01 00:00:00

  • Introgression Makes Waves in Inferred Histories of Effective Population Size.

    abstract::Human populations have a complex history of introgression and of changing population size. Human genetic variation has been affected by both these processes, so inference of past population size depends upon the pattern of gene flow and introgression among past populations. One remarkable aspect of human population hi...

    journal_title:Human biology

    pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章

    doi:10.13110/humanbiology.89.1.04

    authors: Hawks J

    更新日期:2017-01-01 00:00:00

  • Temporal variation in phenetic affinity of early Upper Egyptian male cranial series.

    abstract::We carried out an exploratory historical biology study using temporally distinguished groups of predynastic-Early Dynastic male crania from the region of Upper Egypt. The objectives were, first, to determine the overall pattern of phenetic affinity between temporally sequential series and in relation to the earliest s...

    journal_title:Human biology

    pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章

    doi:10.3378/1534-6617(2008)80[141:TVIPAO]2.0.CO;2

    authors: Keita SO,Boyce AJ

    更新日期:2008-04-01 00:00:00

  • Genetic diversity of serum proteins in some muslim populations of India.

    abstract::The Muslim population of India is known for its historical and socioreligious significance. Literature on the genetic structure of this segment of India's population is scanty. Therefore we have investigated the allele frequency distribution of haptoglobin (HP) and transferrin (TF) phenotypes among the Muslims to expl...

    journal_title:Human biology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.3378/1534-6617-80.5.501

    authors: Ahmad R,Alam A,Fatima F,Hasnain AU

    更新日期:2008-10-01 00:00:00

  • Temporal changes and rural-urban differences in cardiovascular disease risk factors and mortality in China.

    abstract::We summarize several studies, from the last 10 years, of temporal changes and rural-urban differences in the risk factors of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in China to indicate the influences of economic modernization. Two national blood pressure surveys have shown that the prevalence of hypertension increased from 5.1%...

    journal_title:Human biology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:

    authors: Zhai S,McGarvey ST

    更新日期:1992-12-01 00:00:00

  • Sex ratio and selection by early mortality in humans: fifty-year analysis in different ethnic groups.

    abstract::We studied the sex ratio (M/F) in representative populations of the main human ethnic groups, namely, US whites, US blacks, and Japanese. The data cover a period of over 50 years. For intra-ethnic comparison, we included analogous data on Italians. The populations studied show heterogeneous patterns: the US white and ...

    journal_title:Human biology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:

    authors: Ulizzi L,Zonta LA

    更新日期:1994-12-01 00:00:00

  • Genetic characterization of indigenous peoples from Oaxaca, Mexico, and its relation to linguistic and geographic isolation.

    abstract::We used 15 short tandem repeat (STR) loci (D8S1179, D21S11, D7S820, CSF1PO, D3S1358, TH01, D13S317, D16S539, D2S1338, D19S433, VWA, TPOX, D18S51, D5S818, and FGA) to genetically characterize 361 individuals from 11 indigenous populations (Amuzgo, Chinanteco, Chontal, Huave, Mazateco, Mixe, Mixteco, Triqui, Zapoteco de...

    journal_title:Human biology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.3378/027.082.0405

    authors: Quinto-Cortés CD,Arriola LA,García-Hughes G,García-López R,Molina DP,Flores M,Palacios R,Piñero D

    更新日期:2010-08-01 00:00:00

  • Isonymy structure of Sucre and Táchira, two Venezuelan states.

    abstract::The isonymy structure of two Venezuelan states, Sucre and Táchira, is described using the surnames of the Register of Electors updated in 1991. The frequency distribution of surnames pooled together by sex was obtained for the 57 counties of Sucre and the 52 counties of Táchira, based on total population sizes of 158,...

    journal_title:Human biology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:

    authors: Rodríguez-Larralde A,Barrai I

    更新日期:1997-10-01 00:00:00

  • Authenticating ancient human mitochondrial DNA.

    abstract::The use of ancient DNA techniques in human studies has been hampered by problems of contamination with modern human DNA. The main problem has been that the object of study belongs to the same species as the observer, and the complete elimination of the contamination risk is seemingly unlikely. Contamination has even b...

    journal_title:Human biology

    pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章

    doi:10.1353/hub.2001.0069

    authors: Montiel R,Malgosa A,Francalacci P

    更新日期:2001-10-01 00:00:00

  • The Y-chromosome C3* star-cluster attributed to Genghis Khan's descendants is present at high frequency in the Kerey clan from Kazakhstan.

    abstract::To verify the possibility that the Y-chromosome C3* star-cluster attributed to Genghis Khan and his patrilineal descendants is relatively frequent in the Kereys, who are the dominant clan in Kazakhstan and in Central Asia as a whole, polymorphism of the Y-chromosome was studied in Kazakhs, represented mostly by member...

    journal_title:Human biology

    pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章

    doi:10.3378/027.084.0106

    authors: Abilev S,Malyarchuk B,Derenko M,Wozniak M,Grzybowski T,Zakharov I

    更新日期:2012-02-01 00:00:00

  • Identification of a novel intron and 4 polymorphisms in the gene encoding the gamma subunit of the epithelial sodium channel.

    abstract::The amiloride-sensitive epithelial sodium channel is a highly selective sodium channel that constitutes the rate-limiting step of sodium reabsorption in distal nephrons. It consists of at least 3 subunits (alpha, beta, and gamma) of similar structure and plays an important role in sodium and fluid homeostasis. Defects...

    journal_title:Human biology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:

    authors: Xu X,Niu T,Chen C,Yang J,Fang Z,Xu X

    更新日期:1999-10-01 00:00:00

  • Genetic Differentiation in a Sample from Northern Mexico City Detected by HLA System Analysis: Impact in the Study of Population Immunogenetics.

    abstract::The major histocompatibility complex is directly involved in the immune response, and thus the genes coding for its proteins are useful markers for the study of genetic diversity, susceptibility to disease (autoimmunity and infections), transplant medicine, and pharmacogenetics, among others. The polymorphism of the s...

    journal_title:Human biology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.13110/humanbiology.89.3.02

    authors: Cortés EDJ,Sieck MAC,Perea AJA,Medrano RMM,Jaime AB,Martínez PE,Zúñiga J,Alonzo VA,Granados J,Barquera R

    更新日期:2017-07-01 00:00:00

  • Does Environmental Knowledge Inhibit Hominin Dispersal?

    abstract::We investigated the relationship between the dispersal potential of a hominin population, its local-scale foraging strategies, and the characteristics of the resource environment using an agent-based modeling approach. In previous work we demonstrated that natural selection can favor a relatively low capacity for asse...

    journal_title:Human biology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.13110/humanbiology.87.3.0205

    authors: Wren CD,Costopoulos A

    更新日期:2015-07-01 00:00:00

  • Seasonality in birth weight: review of global patterns and potential causes.

    abstract::Birth weight is the single most significant determinant of infant mortality and the chances of a newborn to experience healthy development. Low birth weight also appears to be related to higher risks of several important chronic conditions, such as ischemic heart disease, non-insulin-dependent diabetes, and cancer in ...

    journal_title:Human biology

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.3378/027.081.0405

    authors: Chodick G,Flash S,Deoitch Y,Shalev V

    更新日期:2009-08-01 00:00:00

  • Differential sex mortality in a rural nineteenth-century population: Escazu, Costa Rica.

    abstract::Cross-cultural studies of sex-specific mortality indicate that, whereas males experience their greatest mortality in industrialized societies, females experience their greatest mortality in populations with low life expectancy. The higher mortality of females in low-life-expectancy communities has been interpreted as ...

    journal_title:Human biology

    pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章

    doi:

    authors: Madrigal L

    更新日期:1992-04-01 00:00:00

  • Population substructure and patterns of quantitative variation among the Gollas of southern Andhra Pradesh, India.

    abstract::Population substructure and biological differentiation was studied among the Golla, a pastoral caste living in the southern areas of Andhra Pradesh (AP) in India, using 11 anthropometric measurements and 20 quantitative dermatoglyphic variables. The data were collected from a sample of 334 adult males drawn from 30 vi...

    journal_title:Human biology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1353/hub.2001.0026

    authors: Reddy BM,Pfeffer A,Crawford MH,Langstieh BT

    更新日期:2001-04-01 00:00:00

  • Quantitative trait nucleotide analysis using Bayesian model selection.

    abstract::Although much attention has been given to statistical genetic methods for the initial localization and fine mapping of quantitative trait loci (QTLs), little methodological work has been done to date on the problem of statistically identifying the most likely functional polymorphisms using sequence data. In this paper...

    journal_title:Human biology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1353/hub.2006.0003

    authors: Blangero J,Goring HH,Kent JW Jr,Williams JT,Peterson CP,Almasy L,Dyer TD

    更新日期:2005-10-01 00:00:00

  • Hematocrit levels in children at sea level and at high altitude: effect of adrenal androgens.

    abstract::Hematocrit values are normally higher in natives living at high altitude than in natives living at sea level. Here, we have determined the hematocrit levels in relation to adrenal androgens in children living at altitudes of 150 m and 3400 m above sea level. The data demonstrate no association between serum adrenal an...

    journal_title:Human biology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:

    authors: Góñez C,Donayre M,Villena A,Gonzales GF

    更新日期:1993-02-01 00:00:00

  • How the Atacama Skeleton Might Advance Discussion of Responsible Conduct of Research Responsibilities.

    abstract::Controversies resulting from genetic testing on skeletal remains of disputed stewardship raise important questions about obligations inherent on genetic researchers to assure ethical chain of custody. In this article, we analyze and evaluate several proposed positions on whether such research should be published. Foll...

    journal_title:Human biology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.13110/humanbiology.91.1.01

    authors: May T,Nakano-Okuno M

    更新日期:2019-02-17 00:00:00

  • Mitochondrial DNA variability among six South American Amerindian villages from the Pano linguistic group.

    abstract::Although scattered throughout a large geographic area, the members of the Pano linguistic group present strong ethnic, linguistic, and cultural homogeneity, a feature that causes them to be considered components of a same "Pano" tribe. Nevertheless, the genetic homogeneity between Pano villages has not yet been examin...

    journal_title:Human biology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.3378/027.086.0203

    authors: Mendes-Junior CT,Simoes AL

    更新日期:2014-04-01 00:00:00

  • RFLPs of the APOB gene: comparative study between Greeks and southern Italian peoples.

    abstract::Restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) at codons 2488 (XbaI), 3611 (MspI), and 4154 (EcoRI) of the apolipoprotein B gene were investigated in sample groups from Athens (Greece) and Calabria (southern Italy) to verify whether the distribution of the APOB gene variants in Calabria, where Greek colonization oc...

    journal_title:Human biology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:

    authors: De Benedictis G,Leone O,Falcone E,Rose G,Brancati C,Carotenuto L

    更新日期:1993-06-01 00:00:00

  • Twinning trend in Escazú, Costa Rica, 1851-1901.

    abstract::The cross-cultural study of secular trends in twinning has been of interest to students of human biology. Although recent vital statistics are likely to be more reliable, older vital records allow a long-term study of twinning trends and of the effect of epidemics on twin incidence. Here, I report the results of an in...

    journal_title:Human biology

    pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章

    doi:

    authors: Madrigal L

    更新日期:1997-04-01 00:00:00

  • Genetic polymorphism study at four minisatellite loci (D1S80, D17S5, D19S20, and APOB) among five Indian population groups.

    abstract::The present study reports the genetic variation observed among five anthropologically distinct population groups of India, using four highly polymorphic minisatellite loci (D1S80, D17S5, D19S20, and APOB 3' VNTR) in order to examine the effect of geographical and linguistic affiliations on the genetic affinities among...

    journal_title:Human biology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1353/hub.2002.0028

    authors: Das B,Ghosh A,Chauhan PS,Seshadri M

    更新日期:2002-06-01 00:00:00

  • Mitochondrial DNA polymorphism in northern Greece.

    abstract::The polymorphism of human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) was studied in 118 unrelated Greeks (from northern Greece) using total blood cell DNA and the restriction enzymes HpaI, BamHI, HaeII, MspI, AvaII, and HincII. One new morph was identified for MspI (named MspI morph 18Gr) and is the result of a mutation in a previousl...

    journal_title:Human biology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:

    authors: Astrinidis A,Kouvatsi A

    更新日期:1994-08-01 00:00:00

  • Quantitative genetics of relative organ weight variation in captive baboons.

    abstract::Anthropoid phylogeny has been characterized by dramatic increases in relative brain size. Given the importance of genetic mechanisms in evolution, quantitative genetic analyses of the biological concomitants of relative brain size variation should greatly augment our understanding of this phylogenetic phenomenon. In h...

    journal_title:Human biology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:

    authors: Mahaney MC,Williams-Blangero S,Blangero J,Leland MM

    更新日期:1993-12-01 00:00:00

  • Genetic structure of autochthonous populations of Meso-America: Mexico.

    abstract::We analyze the possible effect of gene flow on the genetic structure of present-day Mexicans. For this purpose we reviewed previous admixture estimates for various Indian and Mestizo groups. Several facts seem clear: (1) There are no pure Indian groups in Mexico, because all Indian groups show variable degrees of admi...

    journal_title:Human biology

    pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究

    doi:

    authors: Lisker R,Ramírez E,Babinsky V

    更新日期:1996-06-01 00:00:00

  • Novel mitochondrial DNA insertion polymorphism and its usefulness for human population studies.

    abstract::The frequency of a polymorphic mitochondrial DNA insertion into the nuclear genome was determined for 870 individuals from a geographically diverse set of 20 populations. The mtDNA insertion frequency varies significantly among populations, having a large GST value (0.178) and high heterozygosity values within populat...

    journal_title:Human biology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:

    authors: Thomas R,Zischler H,Pääbo S,Stoneking M

    更新日期:1996-12-01 00:00:00

  • The genetic position of the autochthonous subpopulation of Northern Navarre (Spain) in relation to other basque subpopulations. A study based on GM and KM immunoglobulin allotypes.

    abstract::GM and KM immunoglobulin (Ig) allotypes were tested in 118 autochthonous Basques from northern Navarre. The results are compared to those obtained for the same genetic markers in 6 other Basque subpopulations, 3 from Spain (Guipúzcoa, Vizcaya, and Alava) and 3 from France: Macaye, Saint-Jean Pied de Port, and Mauleon....

    journal_title:Human biology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:

    authors: Calderón R,Perez-Miranda A,Peña JA,Vidales C,Aresti U,Dugoujon JM

    更新日期:2000-08-01 00:00:00