Early rearrangements of genes encoding murine immunoglobulin kappa chains, unlike genes encoding heavy chains, use variable gene segments dispersed throughout the locus.

Abstract:

:Immunoglobulin heavy-chain variable region (TH) gene segments located closest to the joining (JH) gene segments are preferentially rearranged during ontogeny, indicating that chromosomal position influences the frequency of rearrangement. In addition, certain VH gene segments are repeatedly rearranged, suggesting that the DNA sequence or structure surrounding these segments may increase the probability of rearrangement. To determine whether there is similar based rearrangement of kappa variable (V kappa) gene segments, 25 rearrangements were sequenced from murine fetal and neonatal B-cell hybridomas and from subclones of a pre-B cell line that rearranged V kappa genes during in vitro culture. Four gene segments were isolated twice and one gene segment was isolated three times, suggesting that the process that targets individual variable gene segments for repeated rearrangement operates on both the VH and V kappa loci. Based on a current map of the V kappa locus, the rearranged gene segments belong to nine families that are dispersed throughout the locus. Thus, in these cell types, V kappa rearrangements use germ-line gene segments located across the entire locus, whereas the corresponding VH rearrangements use gene segments proximal to the JH gene segments. Heterogeneity of V kappa rearrangements would add diversity to the biased pool of VH rearrangements, producing a broad repertoire of antibodies early in development.

authors

Lawler AM,Kearney JF,Kuehl M,Gearhart PJ

doi

10.1073/pnas.86.17.6744

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

1989-09-01 00:00:00

pages

6744-7

issue

17

eissn

0027-8424

issn

1091-6490

journal_volume

86

pub_type

杂志文章
  • P-hacking in clinical trials and how incentives shape the distribution of results across phases.

    abstract::Clinical research should conform to high standards of ethical and scientific integrity, given that human lives are at stake. However, economic incentives can generate conflicts of interest for investigators, who may be inclined to withhold unfavorable results or even tamper with data in order to achieve desired outcom...

    journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1073/pnas.1919906117

    authors: Adda J,Decker C,Ottaviani M

    更新日期:2020-06-16 00:00:00

  • Disease resistance through impairment of α-SNAP-NSF interaction and vesicular trafficking by soybean Rhg1.

    abstract::α-SNAP [soluble NSF (N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor) attachment protein] and NSF proteins are conserved across eukaryotes and sustain cellular vesicle trafficking by mediating disassembly and reuse of SNARE protein complexes, which facilitate fusion of vesicles to target membranes. However, certain haplotypes of th...

    journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1073/pnas.1610150113

    authors: Bayless AM,Smith JM,Song J,McMinn PH,Teillet A,August BK,Bent AF

    更新日期:2016-11-22 00:00:00

  • Abundant microsatellite polymorphism in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and the different distributions of microsatellites in eight prokaryotes and S. cerevisiae, result from strong mutation pressures and a variety of selective forces.

    abstract::We examined the distributions of short tandemly repeated DNAs (microsatellites) in nine complete microbial genomes (Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Archaeoglobus fulgidus, Escherichia coli, Haemophilus influenzae, Helicobacter pylori, Methanococcus jannaschii, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, M. genitalium, and Synechocystis PCC6803....

    journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1073/pnas.95.4.1647

    authors: Field D,Wills C

    更新日期:1998-02-17 00:00:00

  • Melan-A/MART-1(51-73) represents an immunogenic HLA-DR4-restricted epitope recognized by melanoma-reactive CD4(+) T cells.

    abstract::The human Melan-A/MART-1 gene encodes an HLA-A2-restricted peptide epitope recognized by melanoma-reactive CD8(+) cytotoxic T lymphocytes. Here we report that this gene also encodes at least one HLA-DR4-presented peptide recognized by CD4(+) T cells. The Melan-A/MART-1(51-73) peptide was able to induce the in vitro ex...

    journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1073/pnas.97.1.400

    authors: Zarour HM,Kirkwood JM,Kierstead LS,Herr W,Brusic V,Slingluff CL Jr,Sidney J,Sette A,Storkus WJ

    更新日期:2000-01-04 00:00:00

  • Shaping a bacterial genome by large chromosomal replacements, the evolutionary history of Streptococcus agalactiae.

    abstract::Bacterial populations are subject to complex processes of diversification that involve mutation and horizontal DNA transfer mediated by transformation, transduction, or conjugation. Tracing the evolutionary events leading to genetic changes allows us to infer the history of a microbe. Here, we combine experimental and...

    journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1073/pnas.0803654105

    authors: Brochet M,Rusniok C,Couvé E,Dramsi S,Poyart C,Trieu-Cuot P,Kunst F,Glaser P

    更新日期:2008-10-14 00:00:00

  • Sterically stabilized liposomes: improvements in pharmacokinetics and antitumor therapeutic efficacy.

    abstract::The results obtained in this study establish that liposome formulations incorporating a synthetic polyethylene glycol-derivatized phospholipid have a pronounced effect on liposome tissue distribution and can produce a large increase in the pharmacological efficacy of encapsulated antitumor drugs. This effect is substa...

    journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1073/pnas.88.24.11460

    authors: Papahadjopoulos D,Allen TM,Gabizon A,Mayhew E,Matthay K,Huang SK,Lee KD,Woodle MC,Lasic DD,Redemann C

    更新日期:1991-12-15 00:00:00

  • Scavenger receptor-mediated recognition of maleyl bovine plasma albumin and the demaleylated protein in human monocyte macrophages.

    abstract::Maleyl bovine plasma albumin competed on an equimolar basis with malondialdehyde low density lipoprotein (LDL) in suppressing the lysosomal hydrolysis of 125I-labeled malondialdehyde LDL mediated by the scavenger receptor of human monocyte macrophages. Maleyl bovine plasma albumin, in which 94% of the amino groups wer...

    journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1073/pnas.82.9.2693

    authors: Haberland ME,Fogelman AM

    更新日期:1985-05-01 00:00:00

  • Cytotoxic T lymphocytes and viral turnover in HIV type 1 infection.

    abstract::To understand the role of the immune system in limiting HIV type 1 replication, it is critical to know to what extent the rapid turnover of productively infected cells is caused by viral cytopathicity or by immune-mediated lysis. We show that uncultured peripheral blood mononuclear cells of many patients contain cytot...

    journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1073/pnas.93.26.15323

    authors: Klenerman P,Phillips RE,Rinaldo CR,Wahl LM,Ogg G,May RM,McMichael AJ,Nowak MA

    更新日期:1996-12-24 00:00:00

  • Insufficiently dehydrated hydrogen bonds as determinants of protein interactions.

    abstract::The prediction of binding sites and the understanding of interfaces associated with protein complexation remains an open problem in molecular biophysics. This work shows that a crucial factor in predicting and rationalizing protein-protein interfaces can be inferred by assessing the extent of intramolecular desolvatio...

    journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1073/pnas.0136888100

    authors: Fernández A,Scheraga HA

    更新日期:2003-01-07 00:00:00

  • Impact of vegetation removal and soil aridation on diurnal temperature range in a semiarid region: application to the Sahel.

    abstract::Increased clouds and precipitation normally decrease the diurnal temperature range (DTR) and thus have commonly been offered as explanation for the trend of reduced DTR observed for many land areas over the last several decades. Observations show, however, that the DTR was reduced most in dry regions and especially in...

    journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1073/pnas.0700290104

    authors: Zhou L,Dickinson RE,Tian Y,Vose RS,Dai Y

    更新日期:2007-11-13 00:00:00

  • Isolation of a high-affinity stable single-chain Fv specific for mesothelin from DNA-immunized mice by phage display and construction of a recombinant immunotoxin with anti-tumor activity.

    abstract::Mesothelin is a differentiation antigen present on the surface of ovarian cancers, mesotheliomas, and several other types of human cancers. Because among normal tissues, mesothelin is present only on mesothelial cells, it represents a good target for antibody-mediated delivery of cytotoxic agents. In the present study...

    journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1073/pnas.95.2.669

    authors: Chowdhury PS,Viner JL,Beers R,Pastan I

    更新日期:1998-01-20 00:00:00

  • Isoform-specific regulation of HCN4 channels by a family of endoplasmic reticulum proteins.

    abstract::Ion channels in excitable cells function in macromolecular complexes in which auxiliary proteins modulate the biophysical properties of the pore-forming subunits. Hyperpolarization-activated, cyclic nucleotide-sensitive HCN4 channels are critical determinants of membrane excitability in cells throughout the body, incl...

    journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1073/pnas.2006238117

    authors: Peters CH,Myers ME,Juchno J,Haimbaugh C,Bichraoui H,Du Y,Bankston JR,Walker LA,Proenza C

    更新日期:2020-07-28 00:00:00

  • Global trends in nature's contributions to people.

    abstract::Declining biodiversity and ecosystem functions put many of nature's contributions to people at risk. We review and synthesize the scientific literature to assess 50-y global trends across a broad range of nature's contributions. We distinguish among trends in potential and realized contributions of nature, as well as ...

    journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1073/pnas.2010473117

    authors: Brauman KA,Garibaldi LA,Polasky S,Aumeeruddy-Thomas Y,Brancalion PHS,DeClerck F,Jacob U,Mastrangelo ME,Nkongolo NV,Palang H,Pérez-Méndez N,Shannon LJ,Shrestha UB,Strombom E,Verma M

    更新日期:2020-12-22 00:00:00

  • Origin of sphinx, a young chimeric RNA gene in Drosophila melanogaster.

    abstract::Non-protein-coding RNA genes play an important role in various biological processes. How new RNA genes originated and whether this process is controlled by similar evolutionary mechanisms for the origin of protein-coding genes remains unclear. A young chimeric RNA gene that we term sphinx (spx) provides the first insi...

    journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1073/pnas.072066399

    authors: Wang W,Brunet FG,Nevo E,Long M

    更新日期:2002-04-02 00:00:00

  • Loss of perforated synapses in the dentate gyrus: morphological substrate of memory deficit in aged rats.

    abstract::Most, but not all, aged rats exhibit a profound deficit in spatial memory when tested in a radial maze--a task known to depend on the integrity of the hippocampal formation. In this study, animals were divided into three groups based on their spatial memory capacity: young adult rats with good memory, aged rats with i...

    journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1073/pnas.83.9.3027

    authors: Geinisman Y,de Toledo-Morrell L,Morrell F

    更新日期:1986-05-01 00:00:00

  • Transcription initiation is controlled by three core promoter elements in the hgl5 gene of the protozoan parasite Entamoeba histolytica.

    abstract::Entamoeba histolytica is a single cell eukaryote that is the etiologic agent of amoebic colitis. Core promoter elements of E. histolytica protein encoding genes include a TATA-like sequence (GTATTTAAAG/C) at -30, a novel element designated GAAC (GAACT) that has a variable location between TATA and the site of transcri...

    journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1073/pnas.94.16.8812

    authors: Singh U,Rogers JB,Mann BJ,Petri WA Jr

    更新日期:1997-08-05 00:00:00

  • Longevity and transposon defense, the case of termite reproductives.

    abstract::Social insects are promising new models in aging research. Within single colonies, longevity differences of several magnitudes exist that can be found elsewhere only between different species. Reproducing queens (and, in termites, also kings) can live for several decades, whereas sterile workers often have a lifespan ...

    journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1073/pnas.1804046115

    authors: Elsner D,Meusemann K,Korb J

    更新日期:2018-05-22 00:00:00

  • The point of no return in vetoing self-initiated movements.

    abstract::In humans, spontaneous movements are often preceded by early brain signals. One such signal is the readiness potential (RP) that gradually arises within the last second preceding a movement. An important question is whether people are able to cancel movements after the elicitation of such RPs, and if so until which po...

    journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1073/pnas.1513569112

    authors: Schultze-Kraft M,Birman D,Rusconi M,Allefeld C,Görgen K,Dähne S,Blankertz B,Haynes JD

    更新日期:2016-01-26 00:00:00

  • Somatic integration of an oncogene-harboring Sleeping Beauty transposon models liver tumor development in the mouse.

    abstract::The Sleeping Beauty (SB) transposon system can integrate foreign sequences of DNA in the genome of mouse somatic cells eliciting long-term expression in vivo. This technology holds great promise for human gene therapy as a nonviral technology to deliver therapeutic genes. SB also provides a means to study the effects ...

    journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1073/pnas.0502974102

    authors: Carlson CM,Frandsen JL,Kirchhof N,McIvor RS,Largaespada DA

    更新日期:2005-11-22 00:00:00

  • Biological effects in unirradiated human tissue induced by radiation damage up to 1 mm away.

    abstract::A central tenet in understanding the biological effects of ionizing radiation has been that the initially affected cells were directly damaged by the radiation. By contrast, evidence has emerged concerning "bystander" responses involving damage to nearby cells that were not themselves directly traversed by the radiati...

    journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1073/pnas.0505020102

    authors: Belyakov OV,Mitchell SA,Parikh D,Randers-Pehrson G,Marino SA,Amundson SA,Geard CR,Brenner DJ

    更新日期:2005-10-04 00:00:00

  • A model system to study genomic imprinting of human genes.

    abstract::Somatic-cell hybrids have been shown to maintain the correct epigenetic chromatin states to study developmental globin gene expression as well as gene expression on the active and inactive X chromosomes. This suggests the potential use of somatic-cell hybrids containing either a maternal or a paternal human chromosome...

    journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1073/pnas.95.25.14857

    authors: Gabriel JM,Higgins MJ,Gebuhr TC,Shows TB,Saitoh S,Nicholls RD

    更新日期:1998-12-08 00:00:00

  • Creatine maintains intestinal homeostasis and protects against colitis.

    abstract::Creatine, a nitrogenous organic acid, replenishes cytoplasmic ATP at the expense of mitochondrial ATP via the phosphocreatine shuttle. Creatine levels are maintained by diet and endogenous synthesis from arginine and glycine. Glycine amidinotransferase (GATM) catalyzes the rate-limiting step of creatine biosynthesis: ...

    journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1073/pnas.1621400114

    authors: Turer E,McAlpine W,Wang KW,Lu T,Li X,Tang M,Zhan X,Wang T,Zhan X,Bu CH,Murray AR,Beutler B

    更新日期:2017-02-14 00:00:00

  • Assessing ecological infrastructure investments.

    abstract::Conventional markets can underprovide ecosystem services. Deliberate creation of a market for ecosystem services [e.g., a payments for ecosystem services (PES) scheme] can close the gap. The new ecosystem service market alters behaviors and quantities of ecosystem service provided and reveals prices for the ecosystems...

    journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1073/pnas.1802883116

    authors: Adamowicz W,Calderon-Etter L,Entem A,Fenichel EP,Hall JS,Lloyd-Smith P,Ogden FL,Regina JA,Rouhi Rad M,Stallard RF

    更新日期:2019-03-19 00:00:00

  • Elevated c-myc protooncogene expression in autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease.

    abstract::The polycystic kidney diseases (PKDs) are a group of disorders characterized by the growth of epithelial cysts from the nephrons and collecting ducts of kidney tubules. The diseases can be inherited or can be provoked by environmental factors. To investigate the molecular basis of the abnormal cell growth associated w...

    journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1073/pnas.84.23.8394

    authors: Cowley BD Jr,Smardo FL Jr,Grantham JJ,Calvet JP

    更新日期:1987-12-01 00:00:00

  • In vitro suicide inhibition of self-splicing of a group I intron from Pneumocystis carinii by an N3' --> P5' phosphoramidate hexanucleotide.

    abstract::Binding enhancement by tertiary interactions is a strategy that takes advantage of the higher order folding of functionally important RNAs to bind short nucleic acid-based compounds tightly and more specifically than possible by simple base pairing. For example, tertiary interactions enhance binding of specific hexame...

    journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1073/pnas.96.6.2734

    authors: Testa SM,Gryaznov SM,Turner DH

    更新日期:1999-03-16 00:00:00

  • ALKBH5-dependent m6A demethylation controls splicing and stability of long 3'-UTR mRNAs in male germ cells.

    abstract::N6-methyladenosine (m6A) represents one of the most common RNA modifications in eukaryotes. Specific m6A writer, eraser, and reader proteins have been identified. As an m6A eraser, ALKBH5 specifically removes m6A from target mRNAs and inactivation of Alkbh5 leads to male infertility in mice. However, the underlying mo...

    journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1073/pnas.1717794115

    authors: Tang C,Klukovich R,Peng H,Wang Z,Yu T,Zhang Y,Zheng H,Klungland A,Yan W

    更新日期:2018-01-09 00:00:00

  • A thermodynamic model of regulation: modulation of redox equilibria in camphor monoxygenase.

    abstract::Regulation of biological phenomena occurs in all types of systems, being manifested in many different reaction types, from allosteric behavior in proteins, through modulation in energy and information transfer, to the control of growth and differentiation in cells, organelles, and organisms. In this communication, a m...

    journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1073/pnas.73.4.1078

    authors: Sligar SG,Gunsalus IC

    更新日期:1976-04-01 00:00:00

  • New strategy for the synthesis of chemically modified RNA constructs exemplified by hairpin and hammerhead ribozymes.

    abstract::The CuAAC reaction (click chemistry) has been used in conjunction with solid-phase synthesis to produce catalytically active hairpin ribozymes around 100 nucleotides in length. Cross-strand ligation through neighboring nucleobases was successful in covalently linking presynthesized RNA strands with high efficiency (tr...

    journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1073/pnas.1006447107

    authors: El-Sagheer AH,Brown T

    更新日期:2010-08-31 00:00:00

  • 2',5'-Bis-O-(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)-3'-spiro-5''-(4''-amino-1'',2''- oxathiole-2'',2'-dioxide)pyrimidine (TSAO) nucleoside analogues: highlyselective inhibitors of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 that are targeted at the viral reverse transcriptase.

    abstract::A series of pyrimidine nucleoside analogues containing [2',5'-bis-O-(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)-3'-spiro-5''-(4''-amino- 1'',2''-oxathiole-2'',2''-dioxide)]-beta-D-ribofuranose as the pentose were found to inhibit human immunodeficiency virus type 1 [HIV-1(IIIB)] replication at a concentration of 0.06-0.8 microM but wer...

    journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1073/pnas.89.10.4392

    authors: Balzarini J,Pérez-Pérez MJ,San-Félix A,Schols D,Perno CF,Vandamme AM,Camarasa MJ,De Clercq E

    更新日期:1992-05-15 00:00:00

  • Radical mechanisms for 1,5-dihydroflavin reduction of carbonyl compounds.

    abstract::A discussion of the expected mechanism of radical reduction of carbonyl compounds by dihydroflavin as it relates to the structure of the carbonyl compound is provided. Factors which must be taken into account are the free energies of formation of the radical anions (CR2O), THE ACIDITY OF THE CONJUGATE ACID OF THE CARB...

    journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1073/pnas.72.5.1763

    authors: Williams RF,Shinkai S,Bruice TC

    更新日期:1975-05-01 00:00:00