Abstract:
:Hosts are likely to respond to parasitic infections by a combination of resistance (expulsion of pathogens) and tolerance (active mitigation of pathology). Of these strategies, the basis of tolerance in animal hosts is relatively poorly understood, with especially little known about how tolerance is manifested in natural populations. We monitored a natural population of field voles using longitudinal and cross-sectional sampling modes and taking measurements on body condition, infection, immune gene expression, and survival. Using analyses stratified by life history stage, we demonstrate a pattern of tolerance to macroparasites in mature compared to immature males. In comparison to immature males, mature males resisted infection less and instead increased investment in body condition in response to accumulating burdens, but at the expense of reduced reproductive effort. We identified expression of the transcription factor Gata3 (a mediator of Th2 immunity) as an immunological biomarker of this tolerance response. Time series data for individual animals suggested that macroparasite infections gave rise to increased expression of Gata3, which gave rise to improved body condition and enhanced survival as hosts aged. These findings provide a clear and unexpected insight into tolerance responses (and their life history sequelae) in a natural vertebrate population. The demonstration that such responses (potentially promoting parasite transmission) can move from resistance to tolerance through the course of an individual's lifetime emphasises the need to incorporate them into our understanding of the dynamics and risk of infection in the natural environment. Moreover, the identification of Gata3 as a marker of tolerance to macroparasites raises important new questions regarding the role of Th2 immunity and the mechanistic nature of the tolerance response itself. A more manipulative, experimental approach is likely to be valuable in elaborating this further.
journal_name
PLoS Bioljournal_title
PLoS biologyauthors
Jackson JA,Hall AJ,Friberg IM,Ralli C,Lowe A,Zawadzka M,Turner AK,Stewart A,Birtles RJ,Paterson S,Bradley JE,Begon Mdoi
10.1371/journal.pbio.1001901subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2014-07-08 00:00:00pages
e1001901issue
7eissn
1544-9173issn
1545-7885pii
PBIOLOGY-D-14-00083journal_volume
12pub_type
杂志文章相关文献
PLOS BIOLOGY文献大全abstract::Understanding the molecular events that underlie the evolution of morphological diversity is a major challenge in biology. Here, to identify genes whose expression correlates with species-specific morphologies, we compared transcriptomes of two closely related Hydra species. We find that species-specific differences i...
journal_title:PLoS biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.0060278
更新日期:2008-11-18 00:00:00
abstract::Meta-research is the study of research itself: its methods, reporting, reproducibility, evaluation, and incentives. Given that science is the key driver of human progress, improving the efficiency of scientific investigation and yielding more credible and more useful research results can translate to major benefits. T...
journal_title:PLoS biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.2005468
更新日期:2018-03-13 00:00:00
abstract::Amyloid-β (Aβ) accumulation in the brain is a hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology. However, the molecular mechanism controlling microglial Aβ phagocytosis is poorly understood. Here we found that the E3 ubiquitin ligase Pellino 1 (Peli1) is induced in the microglia of AD-like five familial AD (5×FAD) mice, ...
journal_title:PLoS biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.3000837
更新日期:2020-10-05 00:00:00
abstract::microRNAs (miRNAs) are single-stranded, 21- to 23-nucleotide cellular RNAs that control the expression of cognate target genes. Primary miRNA (pri-miRNA) transcripts are transformed to mature miRNA by the successive actions of two RNase III endonucleases. Drosha converts pri-miRNA transcripts to precursor miRNA (pre-m...
journal_title:PLoS biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.0030236
更新日期:2005-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pathogenicity of Pseudomonas syringae is dependent on a type III secretion system, which secretes a suite of virulence effector proteins into the host cytoplasm, and the production of a number of toxins such as coronatine (COR), which is a mimic of the plant hormone jasmonate-isoleuce (JA-Ile). Inside the plant cell, ...
journal_title:PLoS biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1001792
更新日期:2014-02-18 00:00:00
abstract::Membrane bioenergetics are universal, yet the phospholipid membranes of archaea and bacteria-the deepest branches in the tree of life-are fundamentally different. This deep divergence in membrane chemistry is reflected in other stark differences between the two domains, including ion pumping and DNA replication. We re...
journal_title:PLoS biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1001926
更新日期:2014-08-12 00:00:00
abstract::A substantial proportion of protein interactions relies on small domains binding to short peptides in the partner proteins. Many of these interactions are relatively low affinity and transient, and they impact on signal transduction. However, neither the number of potential interactions mediated by each domain nor the...
journal_title:PLoS biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.0020014
更新日期:2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mutations affect individual health, population persistence, adaptation, diversification, and genome evolution. There is evidence that the mutation rate varies among genotypes, but the causes of this variation are poorly understood. Here, we link differences in genetic quality with variation in spontaneous mutation in ...
journal_title:PLoS biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1002419
更新日期:2016-03-25 00:00:00
abstract::Binocular vision requires an exquisite matching of projections from each eye to form a cohesive representation of the visual world. Eye-specific inputs are anatomically segregated, but in register in the visual thalamus, and overlap within the binocular region of primary visual cortex. Here, we show that the transmemb...
journal_title:PLoS biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.0050241
更新日期:2007-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::There is currently a demand for new highly efficient and specific drugs to treat osteoporosis, a chronic bone disease affecting millions of people worldwide. We have developed a combinatorial strategy for engineering bispecific inhibitors that simultaneously target the unique combination of c-FMS and αvβ3 integrin, wh...
journal_title:PLoS biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.2002979
更新日期:2018-08-24 00:00:00
abstract::Inspiratory breathing movements depend on pre-Bötzinger complex (preBötC) interneurons that express calcium (Ca2+)-activated nonselective cationic current (ICAN) to generate robust neural bursts. Hypothesized to be rhythmogenic, reducing ICAN is predicted to slow down or stop breathing; its contributions to motor patt...
journal_title:PLoS biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.2006094
更新日期:2019-02-21 00:00:00
abstract::Cancer research has become a global enterprise, and the number of researchers, as well as the cost for their activities, has skyrocketed. The budget for the National Cancer Institute of the United States National Institutes of Health alone was US$5.2 billion in 2015. Since most of the research is funded by public mone...
journal_title:PLoS biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.2000314
更新日期:2016-09-29 00:00:00
abstract::HAPLESS2 (HAP2) is a broadly conserved, gamete-expressed transmembrane protein that was shown recently to be structurally homologous to viral class II fusion proteins, which initiate fusion with host cells via insertion of fusion loops into the host membrane. However, the functional conformation of the HAP2 fusion loo...
journal_title:PLoS biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.2006357
更新日期:2018-08-13 00:00:00
abstract::Zinc is an essential mineral, but our understanding of its uses in the body is limited. Capitalizing on approaches available in the model system Caenorhabditis elegans, Zhao and colleagues show that zinc transduces a signal that induces sperm to become motile. This is an enigmatic process because sperm in all sexually...
journal_title:PLoS biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.2006204
更新日期:2018-06-07 00:00:00
abstract::Intestinal epithelial cells exist within a complex environment that affects how they interpret and respond to stimuli. We have applied a multi-scale in vivo systems approach to understand how intestinal immune cells communicate with epithelial cells to regulate responses to inflammatory signals. Multivariate modeling ...
journal_title:PLoS biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1001393
更新日期:2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Central mechanisms by which specific motor programs are selected to achieve meaningful behaviors are not well understood. Using electrophysiological recordings from pharyngeal nerves upon central activation of neurotransmitter-expressing cells, we show that distinct neuronal ensembles can regulate different feeding mo...
journal_title:PLoS biology
pub_type: 评论,杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1001893
更新日期:2014-06-24 00:00:00
abstract::Dopamine guides behavior and learning through pleasure, according to classic understanding. Dopaminergic neurons are traditionally thought to signal positive or negative prediction errors (PEs) when reward expectations are, respectively, exceeded or not matched. These signed PEs are quite different from the unsigned P...
journal_title:PLoS biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.3000744
更新日期:2020-06-19 00:00:00
abstract::[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3000311.]. ...
journal_title:PLoS biology
pub_type: 已发布勘误
doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.3000514
更新日期:2019-10-04 00:00:00
abstract::Long distance migration of differentiating granule cells from the cerebellar upper rhombic lip has been reported in many vertebrates. However, the knowledge about the subcellular dynamics and molecular mechanisms regulating directional neuronal migration in vivo is just beginning to emerge. Here we show by time-lapse ...
journal_title:PLoS biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1000240
更新日期:2009-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::In mammalian oocytes, three actin binding proteins, Formin 2 (Fmn2), Spire, and profilin, synergistically organize a dynamic cytoplasmic actin meshwork that mediates translocation of the spindle toward the cortex and is required for successful fertilization. Here we characterize Fmn2 and elucidate the molecular mechan...
journal_title:PLoS biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1001795
更新日期:2014-02-25 00:00:00
abstract::Over 20 years ago, alterations to the protein myocilin were confirmed to be linked to a heritable form of the prevalent eye disease, glaucoma, and 10 years ago, my lab set out to develop a deeper understanding of myocilin in its normal and diseased state. We have made strides in understanding how genetic mutations in ...
journal_title:PLoS biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.3000237
更新日期:2019-04-22 00:00:00
abstract::Changes to the structure of nodes of Ranvier in the normal-appearing white matter (NAWM) of multiple sclerosis (MS) brains are associated with chronic inflammation. We show that the paranodal domains in MS NAWM are longer on average than control, with Kv1.2 channels dislocated into the paranode. These pathological fea...
journal_title:PLoS biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.3001008
更新日期:2020-12-14 00:00:00
abstract::RNA-mediated interference (RNAi) is a method to inhibit gene function by introduction of double-stranded RNA (dsRNA). Recently, an RNAi library was constructed that consists of bacterial clones expressing dsRNA, corresponding to nearly 90% of the 19,427 predicted genes of C. elegans. Feeding of this RNAi library to th...
journal_title:PLoS biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.0000012
更新日期:2003-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells are generated from somatic cells by genetic manipulation. Reprogramming entails multiple transgene integrations and occurs apparently stochastically in rare cells over many days. Tissue stem cells may be subject to less-stringent epigenetic restrictions than other cells and might t...
journal_title:PLoS biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.0060253
更新日期:2008-10-21 00:00:00
abstract::Protein kinase B (PKB/Akt) belongs to the AGC superfamily of related serine/threonine protein kinases. It is a key regulator downstream of various growth factors and hormones and is involved in malignant transformation and chemo-resistance. Full-length PKB protein has not been crystallised, thus studying the molecular...
journal_title:PLoS biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1000017
更新日期:2009-01-20 00:00:00
abstract::Adaptive evolution is generally assumed to progress through the accumulation of beneficial mutations. However, as deleterious mutations are common in natural populations, they generate a strong selection pressure to mitigate their detrimental effects through compensatory genetic changes. This process can potentially i...
journal_title:PLoS biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1001935
更新日期:2014-08-26 00:00:00
abstract::Mutations can originate from the chance misincorporation of nucleotides during DNA replication or from DNA lesions that arise between replication cycles and are not repaired correctly. We introduce a model that relates the source of mutations to their accumulation with cell divisions, providing a framework for underst...
journal_title:PLoS biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1002355
更新日期:2016-01-13 00:00:00
abstract::In this Open Highlight, Senior Editor Lauren Richardson features exciting new Open Access research into how species evolve their characteristic traits. ...
journal_title:PLoS biology
pub_type: 评论,杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.3000020
更新日期:2018-10-04 00:00:00
abstract::The steroid hormone progesterone (P4) mediates many physiological processes through either nuclear receptors that modulate gene expression or membrane P4 receptors (mPRs) that mediate nongenomic signaling. mPR signaling remains poorly understood. Here we show that the topology of mPRβ is similar to adiponectin recepto...
journal_title:PLoS biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.3000901
更新日期:2020-11-02 00:00:00
abstract::Courtship is a widespread behavior in which one gender conveys to the other a series of cues about their species identity, gender, and suitability as mates. In many species, females decode these male displays and either accept or reject them. Despite the fact that courtship has been investigated for a long time, the g...
journal_title:PLoS biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1001964
更新日期:2014-10-07 00:00:00