Biochemical stabilization of glucagon at alkaline pH.

Abstract:

BACKGROUND:For patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus, a bihormonal artificial endocrine pancreas system utilizing glucagon and insulin has been found to stabilize glycemic control. However, commercially available formulations of glucagon cannot currently be used in such systems because of physical instability characterized by aggregation and chemical degradation. Storing glucagon at pH 10 blocks protein aggregation but results in chemical degradation. Reductions in pH minimize chemical degradation, but even small reductions increase protein aggregation. We hypothesized that common pharmaceutical excipients accompanied by a new excipient would inhibit glucagon aggregation at an alkaline pH. METHODS AND RESULTS:As measured by tryptophan intrinsic fluorescence shift and optical density at 630 nm, protein aggregation was indeed minimized when glucagon was formulated with curcumin and albumin. This formulation also reduced chemical degradation, measured by liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry. Biological activity was retained after aging for 7 days in an in vitro cell-based bioassay and also in Yorkshire swine. CONCLUSIONS:Based on these findings, a formulation of glucagon stabilized with curcumin, polysorbate-80, l-methionine, and albumin at alkaline pH in glycine buffer may be suitable for extended use in a portable pump in the setting of a bihormonal artificial endocrine pancreas.

journal_name

Diabetes Technol Ther

authors

Caputo N,Jackson MA,Castle JR,El Youssef J,Bakhtiani PA,Bergstrom CP,Carroll JM,Breen ME,Leonard GL,David LL,Roberts CT Jr,Ward WK

doi

10.1089/dia.2014.0047

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2014-11-01 00:00:00

pages

747-58

issue

11

eissn

1520-9156

issn

1557-8593

journal_volume

16

pub_type

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