Abstract:
:The occurence of tied rank numbers in dominance hierarchies is discussed, especially its effect on the linearity of the hierarchy. This linearity is measured with Landau's index, that is calculated for several hierarchies with tied ranks on one, two of three levels. Linearity is mostly affected by ties in small groups with many ties. A distinction is made between a hierarchy of individuals and hierarchical levels. The phenomenon of despotism is called an extreme case of tied ranks. It is proposed to regard hierarchies with a linearity in a continuous scale.
journal_name
Behav Processesjournal_title
Behavioural processesauthors
Nelissen MHdoi
10.1016/0376-6357(86)90054-9subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1986-02-01 00:00:00pages
159-68issue
2eissn
0376-6357issn
1872-8308pii
0376-6357(86)90054-9journal_volume
12pub_type
杂志文章abstract::On daily time-place learning tasks animals can work for food at different spatial locations during sessions at different times of the day. In previous experiments rats tracked this pattern of food availability with ordinal timing-they learned to respond at the locations in the correct order each day. In contrast, pige...
journal_title:Behavioural processes
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0376-6357(98)00036-9
更新日期:1999-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Male and female rats of the inbred August and Fischer strains were reared during two months after weaning either in a standard laboratory environment (controls) or in a more complex environment (treated animals). The performance of these rats was measured afterwards in an operant conditioning situation with positive r...
journal_title:Behavioural processes
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0376-6357(77)90006-7
更新日期:1977-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Many animal species hoard food by carrying it to their home area. In this experiment we evaluated the interaction between persistent (formalin) pain and food-hoarding behaviour. A food-hoarding apparatus, consisting of a home cage connected with an alley at the end of which were placed food pellets, was used to test (...
journal_title:Behavioural processes
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0376-6357(95)00021-6
更新日期:1996-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::In this preliminary study defense behaviour patterns (fear responses) are described in two closely related, behaviourally different inbred labyrinth fish subspecies and in their F1 generation. The subspecies M. opercularis (characterized briefly by "active escape") and M. opercularis concolor (characterized by "passiv...
journal_title:Behavioural processes
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0376-6357(78)90038-4
更新日期:1978-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::In recent decades there has been great progress in discovering the conditions under which cue competition occurs during animal learning. In humans, however, the evidence remains equivocal regarding the degree to which stimuli compete with one another for behavioral control. We report here the results of a single exper...
journal_title:Behavioural processes
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.beproc.2018.08.008
更新日期:2018-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The importance of size asymmetries between contestants that engage in agonistic interactions at a limited food source were investigated. Rates of agonistic interactions at the experimental food sources were not density-dependent. Most of the interactions concerned dyads either of the same developmental stage or of clo...
journal_title:Behavioural processes
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0376-6357(92)90005-X
更新日期:1992-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In dyads of adult male Gryllus bimaculatus, a dominance relationship is established at the first agonistic interaction between the two insects. The comparison of the aggressive behaviour displayed by adult males shows that field crickets act in an identical manner when confronted with an unfamiliar opponent or with on...
journal_title:Behavioural processes
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0376-6357(96)00765-6
更新日期:1997-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Primates flexibly change their grooming behavior depending on group size and composition to maintain social relationships among group members. However, how drastic social changes influence their grooming behavior remains unclear. We observed the grooming behavior of adult female Japanese macaques in two groups tempora...
journal_title:Behavioural processes
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.beproc.2019.03.005
更新日期:2019-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The purpose of the present study was to test the prediction that when two rewards, a smaller but "socially closer" one and a larger but "socially more distant" one, are moved away from the subject by the same social distance, subjective value of the socially more distant reward will increase (i.e. the rate of social d...
journal_title:Behavioural processes
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.beproc.2015.02.010
更新日期:2015-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Previous studies have shown that apes, dogs and horses seem to be able to attribute attentive states to humans. Subjects had to choose between two persons: one who was able to see the animal and one who was not. Using a similar paradigm, we tested a species that does not rely strongly on visual cues, the domestic pig ...
journal_title:Behavioural processes
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.beproc.2013.03.002
更新日期:2013-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The present study investigated whether rats' rates of licking or pressing a lever for 1% liquid sucrose delivered by a continuous reinforcement schedule would decrease (contrast) or increase (induction) when the upcoming period would allow access to 32% sucrose and whether such changes would be influenced by how long ...
journal_title:Behavioural processes
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.beproc.2005.04.008
更新日期:2005-08-31 00:00:00
abstract::The serial order in which events occur can be a signal for different outcomes and therefore might be a determinant of how an animal should respond. In this report, we propose a novel design for studying serial order learning in Pavlovian conditioning. In both Experiments 1a and 1b, hungry rats were trained with succes...
journal_title:Behavioural processes
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.beproc.2004.05.003
更新日期:2004-09-30 00:00:00
abstract::In this otherwise insightful line of investigation, some aspects of rules of thumb (RoT) remain underspecified: their evolution and function, how they are selected for a task, how they are learned, and the dependence of their apparent simplicity on their embodiment and context. Theories of operant and respondent condi...
journal_title:Behavioural processes
pub_type: 评论,杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.beproc.2005.02.015
更新日期:2005-05-31 00:00:00
abstract::Short-term (within-session) and long-term (between-session) habituation of exploratory behavior was studied in rats, hamsters and gerbils. Subjects were observed in an open field containing four different objects during three 15-min sessions with an 8-14 h interval between each session. Their exploratory activity was ...
journal_title:Behavioural processes
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0376-6357(88)90040-X
更新日期:1988-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::In an elevated maze consisting of three reconvergent radial arms, golden hamsters were tested with the same experimental rule: to choose each path without repeating any choice. However, variations of procedure concerning (a) the location of the reward in the maze, and (b) reinforcement contingencies, were introduced i...
journal_title:Behavioural processes
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0376-6357(82)90007-9
更新日期:1982-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Morphological and behavioural effects of testosterone (T) and of 5 α-dihydrotestosterone (5α-DHT) injected daily for a 3-week period at dosages of 0.5, 1, 5 and 10 mg for T and 1 and 5 mg for α-DHT were studied in the adult male castrated Japanese quail. Injections of 0.5 or 1.0 mg T produced only slight development o...
journal_title:Behavioural processes
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0376-6357(82)90020-1
更新日期:1982-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Lateralisation, the different use of one or other side or appendix of the body, is basically determined by brain asymmetry which, in turn, is likely to be due to adaptive reasons. Several studies have been carried out on birds in general. However, birds of prey in particular, although they are very good candidates, ha...
journal_title:Behavioural processes
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.beproc.2004.08.008
更新日期:2004-11-30 00:00:00
abstract::The depressive effects of noncontingent and explicitly unpaired food unconditioned stimuli (USs) and the recovery from those effects on autoshaped responding were examined in a series of experiments with pigeons. In Experiments 1 and 2, responding to a keylight conditioned stimulus (CS) previously paired with food was...
journal_title:Behavioural processes
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.beproc.2006.09.005
更新日期:2007-01-10 00:00:00
abstract::Previous research suggested that 16-week old dog pups, but not wolf pups, show attachment behaviour to a human caregiver. Attachment to a caregiver in dog pups has been demonstrated by differential responding to a caregiver compared to a stranger in the Ainsworth Strange Situation Test. We show here that 3-7 week old ...
journal_title:Behavioural processes
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.beproc.2014.11.005
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In a simulated open-field situation we tried to obtain information about the ability of tomcats to distinguish between urine marks of differing ages. Reactions to these marks were sniffing, sniffing intensively and "Flehmen". The variables we chose to demonstrate a possible discriminatory ability between urine marks o...
journal_title:Behavioural processes
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0376-6357(77)90026-2
更新日期:1977-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recently, Hursh and Silberberg (2008) have advanced a behavior-economic approach to measure the value of reinforcers, in which demand elasticity is measured relative to the point at which price is zero, a technique that allows for comparisons across reinforcers that show different consumption patterns or across differ...
journal_title:Behavioural processes
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.beproc.2011.01.007
更新日期:2011-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Twenty-six male rats, maintained on a 23-h food deprivation regime, were trained on a DRL learning schedule. During pretraining (CRF) rats were placed in two groups according to speed in obtaining the criterion (good and poor learners). The performance of good and poor learners, injected with lysine vasopressin (LVP) ...
journal_title:Behavioural processes
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0376-6357(83)90023-2
更新日期:1983-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Norway rat subjects were exposed for either 3 or 10 days to conspecific demonstrators eating a cinnamon-flavoured, protein-deficient diet. While in contact with their demonstrators, and for several days thereafter, subjects were offered a choice between the cinnamon-flavoured, protein-deficient diet that their demonst...
journal_title:Behavioural processes
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0376-6357(95)00008-i
更新日期:1995-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The aim of the present study was to evaluate whether dogs that exhibit stereotypy also show higher behavioral persistence in an extinction-learning task. Thirteen pet dogs with stereotypy and 13 breed-matched control dogs were assessed on a resistance to extinction test. Each dog was trained for 40 trials using a food...
journal_title:Behavioural processes
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.beproc.2014.04.009
更新日期:2014-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Kin recognition requires the ability to discriminate between one's own genetic relatives and non-relatives. There are two mechanisms that aid in kin discrimination: phenotype matching and familiarity. Dogs may be a good model for assessing these mechanisms as dogs are a promiscuous social species with a keen sense of ...
journal_title:Behavioural processes
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.beproc.2015.08.004
更新日期:2015-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The way animals move through space is likely to affect the way they learn and remember spatial information. For example, a pelagic fish, Astyanax fasciatus, moves freely in vertical and horizontal space and encodes information from both dimensions with similar accuracy. Benthic fish can also move with six degrees of f...
journal_title:Behavioural processes
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.beproc.2014.08.011
更新日期:2014-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The life cycle of commercially used molluscicidal rhabditid nematodes Phasmarhabditis hermaphrodita and entomopathogenic steinernematid nematodes is similar: infective stages carry symbiotic bacteria, which kill their host. Nematodes complete their life cycle feeding on the proliferating symbiont and the host tissue. ...
journal_title:Behavioural processes
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.beproc.2008.09.012
更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::When shown prawns in a glass tube, cuttlefish quickly learn to inhibit their predatory behaviour. The available literature suggests that cuttlefish show an excellent retention between 2 and 8 min, a recovery of the predatory responses around 20 min, and good retention after 1 h of the training phase. These results hav...
journal_title:Behavioural processes
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0376-6357(98)00024-2
更新日期:1998-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pavlovian conditioning is sensitive to the temporal relationship between the conditioned stimulus (CS) and the unconditioned stimulus (US). This has motivated models that describe learning as a process that continuously updates associative strength during the trial or specifically encodes the CS-US interval. These mod...
journal_title:Behavioural processes
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.beproc.2017.04.017
更新日期:2017-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Propositional models of associative learning postulate that the behavioral impact of regularities in the presence of two events is mediated by the formation of propositions about the relation between these events. Because the mere statistical contingency between events often does not provide enough information to infe...
journal_title:Behavioural processes
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.beproc.2014.02.002
更新日期:2014-05-01 00:00:00