Abstract:
:Establishment of Leishmania infection inside macrophages requires deactivation of various signaling pathways that are dispensable for effective immune responses against the parasite. In the present study, we provide evidence that Leishmania infantum promastigotes attachment on the surface of peritoneal macrophages, internalization and transformation to amastigotes abrogated the activation of extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases (ERK) 1/2, p38 mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPK) and c-Jun NH2-terminal kinases (JNK) and the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-12 and TNFalpha. Subsequent macrophage stimulation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) during the first hours of exposure to parasite or infection resulted in restoration of MAPK phosphorylation. However, LPS-mediated MAPK activation required parasite internalization (uptake) since cytochalasin-D pretreated macrophages did not responded to LPS stimulation. IL-12, TNFalpha, and NO production was positively regulated with MAPK phosphorylation in contrast to nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kB) which was MAPK independent. Specifically, inhibition of MAPK activation with specific inhibitors revealed that IL-12 production required p38 MAPK activation, whereas TNFalpha and NO production required all three MAPK. The restoration of NO production resulted in decrease of infection rates. Hence, these results suggest that in contrast to phagocytosis of L. infantum promastigotes, establishment of infection does not desensitize macrophages to subsequent stimulation with LPS, resulting in parasite elimination through MAPK and NF-κB activation and partial restoration of IL-12, TNFalpha and NO synthesis.
journal_name
J Biol Regul Homeost Agentsjournal_title
Journal of biological regulators and homeostatic agentsauthors
Agallou M,Dotsika E,Frydas S,Karagouni Esubject
Has Abstractpub_date
2014-01-01 00:00:00pages
41-52issue
1eissn
0393-974Xissn
1724-6083pii
5journal_volume
28pub_type
杂志文章abstract::The aim of this work is to assess the level of the human alkaline phosphatase enzyme (ALP) during palatal expansion with Quad-Helix (QH) appliance. A total of twenty-two orthodontic patients characterized by contraction of the upper jaw, that needed application of a QH in order to treat their condition, were included ...
journal_title:Journal of biological regulators and homeostatic agents
pub_type: 信件
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journal_title:Journal of biological regulators and homeostatic agents
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journal_title:Journal of biological regulators and homeostatic agents
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journal_title:Journal of biological regulators and homeostatic agents
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journal_title:Journal of biological regulators and homeostatic agents
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journal_title:Journal of biological regulators and homeostatic agents
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journal_title:Journal of biological regulators and homeostatic agents
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journal_title:Journal of biological regulators and homeostatic agents
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journal_title:Journal of biological regulators and homeostatic agents
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
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journal_title:Journal of biological regulators and homeostatic agents
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journal_title:Journal of biological regulators and homeostatic agents
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journal_title:Journal of biological regulators and homeostatic agents
pub_type: 社论,评审
doi:
更新日期:2014-04-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of biological regulators and homeostatic agents
pub_type: 社论,收录出版
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journal_title:Journal of biological regulators and homeostatic agents
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journal_title:Journal of biological regulators and homeostatic agents
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journal_title:Journal of biological regulators and homeostatic agents
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journal_title:Journal of biological regulators and homeostatic agents
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journal_title:Journal of biological regulators and homeostatic agents
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journal_title:Journal of biological regulators and homeostatic agents
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