Abstract:
:The evolution of human languages is driven both by primitive biases present in the human sensorimotor systems and by cultural transmission among speakers. However, whether the design of the language faculty is further shaped by linguistic biological biases remains controversial. To address this question, we used near-infrared spectroscopy to examine whether the brain activity of neonates is sensitive to a putatively universal phonological constraint. Across languages, syllables like blif are preferred to both lbif and bdif. Newborn infants (2-5 d old) listening to these three types of syllables displayed distinct hemodynamic responses in temporal-perisylvian areas of their left hemisphere. Moreover, the oxyhemoglobin concentration changes elicited by a syllable type mirrored both the degree of its preference across languages and behavioral linguistic preferences documented experimentally in adulthood. These findings suggest that humans possess early, experience-independent, linguistic biases concerning syllable structure that shape language perception and acquisition.
journal_name
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S Aauthors
Gómez DM,Berent I,Benavides-Varela S,Bion RA,Cattarossi L,Nespor M,Mehler Jdoi
10.1073/pnas.1318261111subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2014-04-22 00:00:00pages
5837-41issue
16eissn
0027-8424issn
1091-6490pii
1318261111journal_volume
111pub_type
杂志文章abstract::We have previously proven that human macrophages can phagocytose porcine cells even in the absence of Ab or complement opsonization, indicating that macrophages present a pivotal immunological obstacle to xenotransplantation. A recent report indicates that the signal regulatory protein (SIRP)alpha is a critical immune...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0609661104
更新日期:2007-03-20 00:00:00
abstract::The lateral neural plate border (NPB), the neural part of the vertebrate neural border, is composed of central nervous system (CNS) progenitors and peripheral nervous system (PNS) progenitors. In invertebrates, PNS progenitors are also juxtaposed to the lateral boundary of the CNS. Whether there are conserved molecula...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1704194114
更新日期:2017-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The thymus lacks self-renewing hematopoietic cells, and thymopoiesis fails rapidly when the migration of progenitor cells to the thymus ceases. Hence, the process of thymus homing is an essential step for T-cell development and cellular immunity. Despite decades of research, the molecular details of thymus homing have...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1016428108
更新日期:2011-05-03 00:00:00
abstract::Global warming is intensifying interest in the mechanisms enabling ectothermic animals to adjust physiological performance and cope with temperature change. Here we show that embryonic temperature can have dramatic and persistent effects on thermal acclimation capacity at multiple levels of biological organization. Ze...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1205012109
更新日期:2012-08-28 00:00:00
abstract::Sensitization of defensive gill and siphon withdrawal reflexes in Aplysia results, in part, from presynaptic facilitation of transmitter release from mechanoreceptor sensory neurons that innervate the siphon skin and synapse with interneurons and motor neurons. Presynaptic facilitation also can be elicited by applicat...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.83.22.8794
更新日期:1986-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Metallic nanoscale structures are capable of supporting surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs), propagating collective electron oscillations with tight spatial confinement at the metal surface. SPPs represent one of the most promising structures to beat the diffraction limit imposed by conventional dielectric optics. Ag na...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0902064106
更新日期:2009-12-15 00:00:00
abstract::Engagement of the T cell antigen receptor (TCR) leads to rapid activation of protein tyrosine kinases, which in turn phosphorylate downstream enzymes and adapter proteins. Some adapter proteins, such as SLP-76, Vav, and LAT, positively regulate TCR-mediated signal transduction, whereas others, such as Cbl, play an inh...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.96.17.9775
更新日期:1999-08-17 00:00:00
abstract::Cystic fibrosis (CF) is an autosomal recessive disorder, the most common lethal genetic disease in Caucasians. Respiratory disease is the major cause of morbidity and mortality. Indeed, 95% of CF patients die of respiratory failure. Pseudomonas aeruginosa, an opportunistic pathogen, chronically infects the lungs of ov...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.95.10.5718
更新日期:1998-05-12 00:00:00
abstract::Complex gene regulatory circuits contain many interacting components. In principle, all of these components and interactions may be essential to the function of the circuit. Alternatively, some of them may be refinements to a simpler version of the circuit that improve its fitness. In this work, we have tested whether...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0602223104
更新日期:2007-11-06 00:00:00
abstract::The core structures of many viruses move within cells by association with host cytoskeletal motor proteins; however, the mechanisms by which intracellular viral particles are transported toward sites of replication or the cell periphery at distinct stages of infection remain to be understood. The regulation of herpesv...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0404686101
更新日期:2004-11-09 00:00:00
abstract::Cell-to-cell communication is essential for the development and patterning of multicellular organisms. In plants, plasmodesmata (PD) provide direct routes for intercellular signaling. However, the role that PD-mediated signaling plays in plant development has not been fully investigated. To gain a comprehensive view o...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1610358113
更新日期:2016-10-11 00:00:00
abstract::The gene for the RNA-dependent eIF-2 alpha protein kinase (PKR) was isolated from mouse genomic DNA and characterized. The mouse PKR gene contains 16 exons and spans about 28 kilobase pairs. Exon 1 is untranslated; the AUG translation initiation site is located early in the second exon. Exon 16 includes the UAG transl...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.91.17.7995
更新日期:1994-08-16 00:00:00
abstract::The anti-inflammatory activity of intravenous Ig (IVIG) results from a minor population of the pooled IgG molecules that contains terminal alpha2,6-sialic acid linkages on their Fc-linked glycans. These anti-inflammatory properties can be recapitulated with a fully recombinant preparation of appropriately sialylated I...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0810163105
更新日期:2008-12-16 00:00:00
abstract::Aging and disease processes may be due to deleterious and irreversible changes produced by free radical reactions. The enzyme copper-zinc superoxide dismutase (Cu-Zn SOD; superoxide:superoxide oxidoreductase, EC 1.15.1.1) performs a protective function by scavenging superoxide radicals. The Cu-Zn SOD gene (Sod) cloned...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.87.11.4270
更新日期:1990-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::N6-Cyclohexyl[3H]adenosine ([3H]CHA) and 1,3-diethyl-8-[3H]phenylxanthine ([3H]DPX) to bind to adenosine receptors in brain membranes. The agonist [3H]CHA has high affinity in both bovine and guinea pig brain (Kd, 0.7 nM and 6 nM, respectively). [3H]CHA binding kinetics are slow (dissociation t1/2;60 min); binding is ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.77.9.5547
更新日期:1980-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The global financial crisis has precipitated an increasing appreciation of the need for a systemic perspective toward financial stability. For example: What role do large banks play in systemic risk? How should capital adequacy standards recognize this role? How is stability shaped by concentration and diversification...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1213767109
更新日期:2012-11-06 00:00:00
abstract::Understanding the relationship between the structural and functional organization of the human brain is one of the most important goals of neuroscience. Individual variability in brain structure means that it is essential to obtain this information from the same subject. To date, this has been almost impossible. Even ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0437896100
更新日期:2003-03-04 00:00:00
abstract::Fibronectin (FN) forms the primitive fibrillar matrix in both embryos and healing wounds. To study the matrix in living cell cultures, we have constructed a cell line that secretes FN molecules chimeric with green fluorescent protein. These FN-green fluorescent protein molecules were assembled into a typical matrix th...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.96.5.2153
更新日期:1999-03-02 00:00:00
abstract::A combined genetic, biochemical, and immunological approach has clarified structural relationships involving the first three enzymes of de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis. A procedure involving antibody and protein A-Sepharose was used to isolate the enzymes carbamoyl-phosphate synthase [ATP:carbamate phosphotransferase ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.76.4.1731
更新日期:1979-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Synthetic bradykinin, a nonapeptide formed from alpha-2 globulin in plasma, injected intra-arterially or intraperitoneally in cats in doses of 10-50 mug, evoked activity in the central nervous system in pathways associated with the signaling of pain. Similar injections of bradykinin in intact normal cats and dogs evok...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.63.3.705
更新日期:1969-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Physiological properties of the flagellar rotary motor have been taken to indicate a tightly coupled mechanism in which each revolution is driven by a fixed number of energizing ions. Measurements that would directly test the tight-coupling hypothesis have not been made. Energizing ions flow through membrane-bound com...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1419955112
更新日期:2015-04-14 00:00:00
abstract::Analogy-the ability to find and apply deep structural patterns across domains-has been fundamental to human innovation in science and technology. Today there is a growing opportunity to accelerate innovation by moving analogy out of a single person's mind and distributing it across many information processors, both hu...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1807185116
更新日期:2019-02-05 00:00:00
abstract::COVID-19 has emerged as one of the deadliest and most disruptive events in recent human history. Drawing from political science and psychological theories, we examine the effects of daily confirmed cases in a country on citizens' support for the political leader through the first 120 d of 2020. Using three unique data...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.2009252117
更新日期:2020-10-13 00:00:00
abstract::An explosion of new information linking activation of cell surface signal initiators to changes in gene expression has recently emerged. The focus of much of this information has centered around the agonist-dependent activation of the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases. Although this intracellular signal transduc...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1073/pnas.90.13.5889
更新日期:1993-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ionizing radiation has been used to selectively separate the circadian oscillator function of the eye of Aplysia from some of its other functions--synchronous compound action potential (CAP) generation, the light response, synaptic transmission between photoreceptors and output neurons, and the bursting pacemaker mech...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.77.9.5542
更新日期:1980-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Although current demands for therapeutic mAbs are growing quickly, production methods to date, including in vitro mammalian tissue culture and transgenic animals, provide only limited quantities at high cost. Several tumor-associated antigens in tumor cells have been identified as targets for therapeutic mAbs. Here we...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0603043103
更新日期:2006-06-06 00:00:00
abstract::Aggregation chimeras were formed between C57BL/6 mice heterozygous for the Apc(min) (Min) mutation and wild-type SWR mice, that differ in their Pla2g2a status, a modifier of Apc(min), and also in their resistance to intestinal polyp formation. Variation in the dolichos biflorus agglutinin-staining patterns of the inte...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.96.22.12553
更新日期:1999-10-26 00:00:00
abstract::Grain growth under shear annealing is crucial for controlling the properties of polycrystalline materials. However, their microscopic kinetics are not well understood because individual atomic trajectories are difficult to track. Here, we study grain growth with single-particle kinetics in colloidal polycrystals using...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.2013456117
更新日期:2020-09-29 00:00:00
abstract::The aspartate receptor involved in chemotaxis is modified by methyl esterification at four distinct glutamate residues during the adaptive response of this receptor. To explain the high degree of specificity of this modification, it has been proposed that the methyltransferase recognizes the sequence Glu-Glu-Xaa-Xaa-A...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.83.18.6707
更新日期:1986-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Eph receptor tyrosine kinases and their ephrin ligands regulate cell navigation during normal and oncogenic development. Signaling of Ephs is initiated in a multistep process leading to the assembly of higher-order signaling clusters that set off bidirectional signaling in interacting cells. However, the structural an...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1004148107
更新日期:2010-06-15 00:00:00