Beyond junk-variable tandem repeats as facilitators of rapid evolution of regulatory and coding sequences.

Abstract:

:Copy Number Variations (CNVs) and Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) have been the major focus of most large-scale comparative genomics studies to date. Here, we discuss a third, largely ignored, type of genetic variation, namely changes in tandem repeat number. Historically, tandem repeats have been designated as non functional "junk" DNA, mostly as a result of their highly unstable nature. With the exception of tandem repeats involved in human neurodegenerative diseases, repeat variation was often believed to be neutral with no phenotypic consequences. Recent studies, however, have shown that as many as 10% to 20% of coding and regulatory sequences in eukaryotes contain an unstable repeat tract. Contrary to initial suggestions, tandem repeat variation can have useful phenotypic consequences. Examples include rapid variation in microbial cell surface, tuning of internal molecular clocks in flies and the dynamic morphological plasticity in mammals. As such, tandem repeats can be useful functional elements that facilitate evolvability and rapid adaptation.

journal_name

Genes (Basel)

journal_title

Genes

authors

Gemayel R,Cho J,Boeynaems S,Verstrepen KJ

doi

10.3390/genes3030461

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2012-07-26 00:00:00

pages

461-80

issue

3

issn

2073-4425

pii

genes3030461

journal_volume

3

pub_type

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