Abstract:
:A plasmid construct expressing the p66 version of the human immunodeficiency virus reverse transcriptase as a bacterial fusion protein was subjected to in vitro mutagenesis, and the resulting variant proteins were assayed to define the locations of the two major enzymatic activities. The DNA polymerase activity was localized to the N-terminal portion of the protein; mutations altering or eliminating the C-terminal portion had little or no effect on that activity. The results suggest that, in contrast with previous reports, the p51 subunit found in virions should exhibit DNA polymerase activity. Mutations in many parts of the protein eliminated RNase H activity, suggesting that several areas are needed for proper folding and generation of that activity.
journal_name
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S Aauthors
Prasad VR,Goff SPdoi
10.1073/pnas.86.9.3104subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1989-05-01 00:00:00pages
3104-8issue
9eissn
0027-8424issn
1091-6490journal_volume
86pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Goblet cell metaplasia and mucus hypersecretion are observed in many pulmonary diseases, including asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and cystic fibrosis. However, the regulation of goblet cell differentiation remains unclear. Here, we identify a regulator of this process in an N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1911071116
更新日期:2019-12-17 00:00:00
abstract::To create a universal system for the control of gene expression, we have studied methods for the construction of novel polydactyl zinc finger proteins that recognize extended DNA sequences. Elsewhere we have described the generation of zinc finger domains recognizing sequences of the 5'-GNN-3' subset of a 64-member zi...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.95.25.14628
更新日期:1998-12-08 00:00:00
abstract::We examined the interaction of ethanol with the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic system in neurons of slices of the rat central amygdala nucleus (CeA), a brain region thought to be critical for the reinforcing effects of ethanol. Brief superfusion of 11-66 mM ethanol significantly increased GABA type A (GABA(A)) re...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0437926100
更新日期:2003-02-18 00:00:00
abstract::Erythroid Krüppel-like factor (EKLF), which binds to the CACCC box in the beta-globin promoter, is required for the expression of the beta-globin gene in adult erythroid cells. It was recently demonstrated that EKLF is also required for the activity of the beta-globin locus control region (LCR) 5'HS3. Some evidence su...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.96.18.10051
更新日期:1999-08-31 00:00:00
abstract::The spectrum of cellular targets in the autoimmune diseases is both large and varied and includes among the nuclear components the so-called Sm and RNP antigens associated with systemic lupus erythematosus. The use of immunoaffinity chromatography with dual specificity for the Sm and RNP antigens has allowed for their...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.78.1.626
更新日期:1981-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::We determined that a pigeon cytochrome c-derived peptide, p43-58, possesses two anchor residues, 46 and 54, for binding with the I-Ab molecule that are compatible to the position 1 (P1) and position 9 (P9) of the core region in the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II binding peptides, respectively. In the ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.94.22.12047
更新日期:1997-10-28 00:00:00
abstract::Recombination is unknown in natural populations of Rivulus marmoratus, a selfing hermaphrodite, and genetic variation is likely due to mutation alone. DNA fingerprinting with an array of microsatellite [e.g., (CT)9] and minisatellite (e.g., the 33.15 core sequence) probes reveals very high clonal diversity within samp...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.89.22.10643
更新日期:1992-11-15 00:00:00
abstract::Trisomy is a genetic abnormality of considerable medical importance. The most familiar example is trisomy 21, which causes Down Syndrome [Cummings, M. R. (1988) Human Heredity: Principles and Issues (West Publishing Company, New York)]. In a classic paper, Axelrod and Hamilton [Axelrod, R. & Hamilton, W. D. (1981) Sci...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.95.5.2361
更新日期:1998-03-03 00:00:00
abstract::The GroE chaperonins assist substrate protein (SP) folding by cycling through several conformational states. With each cycle the SP is, in turn, captured, unfolded, briefly encapsulated (t1/2 ∼ 1 s), and released by the chaperonin complex. The protein-folding functional form is the US-football-shaped GroEL:GroES2 comp...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1412922111
更新日期:2014-09-02 00:00:00
abstract::Left-right (LR) asymmetry (handedness, chirality) is a well-conserved biological property of critical importance to normal development. Changes in orientation of the LR axis due to genetic or environmental factors can lead to malformations and disease. While the LR asymmetry of organs and whole organisms has been exte...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1103834108
更新日期:2011-07-26 00:00:00
abstract::A simple in vitro system that supports chromatin assembly was developed for Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The assembly reaction is ATP-dependent, uses soluble histones and assembly factors, and generates physiologically spaced nucleosomes. We analyze the pathway of histone recruitment into nucleosomes, using this system i...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.94.17.9034
更新日期:1997-08-19 00:00:00
abstract::RNA molecules perform diverse regulatory functions in natural biological systems, and numerous synthetic RNA-based control devices that integrate sensing and gene-regulatory functions have been demonstrated, predominantly in bacteria and yeast. Despite potential advantages of RNA-based genetic control strategies in cl...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1001721107
更新日期:2010-05-11 00:00:00
abstract::Mahler proved the following quantitative result supplementing the Lindemann-Weierstrass theorem: Sigma(i=0) (n)C(i)e(ri) > H(-n-epsilon) for any distinct rational numbers r(0),r(1),..., r(n) and rational integers C(0),C(1),...,C(n) with H = max(0=i=n) C(i). We improve Mahler's estimate by replacing exponentials e(...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.80.10.3138
更新日期:1983-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Nuclear bodies are RNA and protein-rich, membraneless organelles that play important roles in gene regulation. The largest and most well-known nuclear body is the nucleolus, an organelle whose primary function in ribosome biogenesis makes it key for cell growth and size homeostasis. The nucleolus and other nuclear bod...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1509317112
更新日期:2015-09-22 00:00:00
abstract::Bacteriophage Mu was inserted into the unc genes of Escherichia coli. The resulting mutation AS12 had a polar effect on the unc operon: membranes of the mutant AS12 contained the dicyclohexylcarbodiimide-binding protein c and the protein a as sole subunits of the ATP synthase. It was shown by peptide mapping and amino...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.78.11.6643
更新日期:1981-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) tuberculosis (TB) highlights the urgent need to understand the mechanisms of resistance to the drugs used to treat this disease. The aminoglycosides kanamycin and amikacin are important bactericidal drugs used to treat MDR TB, and resistance to one or both of these drugs is a...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0907925106
更新日期:2009-11-24 00:00:00
abstract::A method is presented for variational calculation of the energy and the spin densities derived from a single-determinant wavefunction. Sum and difference coordinates [unk]R = (1/2)([unk]r(1) + [unk]r(1)) and [unk]r = [unk]r(1) - [unk]r(1) are introduced, and the density matrix P([unk]r(1),[unk]r(1)) is expanded in par...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.77.11.6293
更新日期:1980-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The activity of cullin-containing ubiquitin protein ligase complexes is stimulated by linkage to cullin of the ubiquitin-like protein Nedd8 ("neddylation"). Neddylation is inhibited by the tight binding of cullins to CAND1 (cullin-associated and neddylation-dissociated 1) protein, and Nedd8 is removed from cullins by ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0603921103
更新日期:2006-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Sulfonated gallium(III) corroles are intensely fluorescent macrocyclic compounds that spontaneously assemble with carrier proteins to undergo cell entry. We report in vivo imaging and therapeutic efficacy of a tumor-targeted corrole noncovalently assembled with a heregulin-modified protein directed at the human epider...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0901531106
更新日期:2009-04-14 00:00:00
abstract::Precipitation extreme changes are often assumed to scale with, or are constrained by, the change in atmospheric moisture content. Studies have generally confirmed the scaling based on moisture content for the midlatitudes but identified deviations for the tropics. In fact half of the twelve selected Intergovernmental ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0903186107
更新日期:2010-01-12 00:00:00
abstract::Adenosine deaminases that act on RNA (ADARs) constitute a family of RNA-editing enzymes that convert adenosine to inosine within double-stranded regions of RNA. We previously developed a method to identify inosine-containing RNAs and used it to identify five ADAR substrates in Caenorhabditis elegans. Here we use the s...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.112704299
更新日期:2002-06-11 00:00:00
abstract::Mitochondria isolated from maize plants with S-type male-sterile cytoplasms are capable of synthesizing four species of RNA at concentrations of actinomycin D that eliminate all DNA-directed RNA synthesis. No RNA synthesis occurs under the same conditions with mitochondria from plants possessing normal (N) cytoplasm o...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.83.14.5175
更新日期:1986-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Infectious tolerance describes the process of CD4(+) regulatory T cells (Tregs) converting naïve T cells to become additional Tregs. We show that antigen-specific Tregs induce, within skin grafts and dendritic cells, the expression of enzymes that consume at least 5 different essential amino acids (EAAs). T cells fail...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0903919106
更新日期:2009-07-21 00:00:00
abstract::Secretion of inflammatory mediators by rat mast cells (line RBL-2H3) was earlier shown to be inhibited upon clustering a membrane glycoprotein by monoclonal antibody G63. This glycoprotein, named mast cell function-associated antigen (MAFA), was also shown to interfere with the coupling cascade of the type 1 Fc epsilo...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.92.20.9397
更新日期:1995-09-26 00:00:00
abstract::Fish in schooling formations navigate complex flow fields replete with mechanical energy in the vortex wakes of their companions. Their schooling behavior has been associated with evolutionary advantages including energy savings, yet the underlying physical mechanisms remain unknown. We show that fish can improve thei...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1800923115
更新日期:2018-06-05 00:00:00
abstract::Setting aside high-quality large areas of habitat to protect threatened populations is becoming increasingly difficult as humans fragment and degrade the environment. Biologists and managers therefore must determine the best way to shepherd small populations through the dual challenges of reductions in both the number...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1504732112
更新日期:2015-08-18 00:00:00
abstract::HIV-1, the cause of AIDS, is composed of four phylogenetic lineages, groups M, N, O, and P, each of which resulted from an independent cross-species transmission event of simian immunodeficiency viruses (SIVs) infecting African apes. Although groups M and N have been traced to geographically distinct chimpanzee commun...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1502022112
更新日期:2015-03-17 00:00:00
abstract::Lon (or La) is a soluble, homooligomeric ATP-dependent protease. Mass determination and cryoelectron microscopy of pure mitochondrial Lon from Saccharomyces cerevisiae identify Lon as a flexible ring-shaped heptamer. In the presence of ATP or 5'-adenylylimidodiphosphate, most of the rings are symmetric and resemble ot...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.96.12.6787
更新日期:1999-06-08 00:00:00
abstract::A major challenge in interpreting genome sequences is understanding how the genome encodes the information that specifies when and where a gene will be expressed. The first step in this process is the identification of regions of the genome that contain regulatory information. In higher eukaryotes, this cis-regulatory...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.231608898
更新日期:2002-01-22 00:00:00
abstract::Chronic microbial infections are associated with fibrotic and inflammatory reactions known as granulomas showing similarities to wound-healing and tissue repair processes. We have previously mapped three leishmaniasis susceptibility loci, designated lmr1, -2, and -3, which exert their effect independently of T cell im...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0505630102
更新日期:2005-10-25 00:00:00