Abstract:
:Seven transmembrane receptors (7TMRs), also known as G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), have proven to be valuable targets for the development of therapeutics. The expansion of our understanding of 7TMR downstream signaling pathways beyond G-proteins has broadened our appreciation of the versatility of these cell surface receptors. In particular, the increased awareness of 7TMR engagement of β-arrestin signaling has opened up additional avenues for drug discovery. 7TMRs can adopt different conformations and in response to various ligands can lead to a bias in downstream signaling mechanisms when comparing the overall efficacy between G-protein and β-arrestin dependent pathways. In 2012, we organized a session at the Spring National Meeting of the American Chemical Society on biased signaling in 7TMRs.1-4 Building on that experience, we provide in this Miniperspective some examples that exemplify developments in the area of biased 7TMR signaling and highlight some cautionary notes as well as some of the exciting opportunities for drug discovery.
journal_name
J Med Chemjournal_title
Journal of medicinal chemistryauthors
Correll CC,McKittrick BAdoi
10.1021/jm401677gsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
2014-08-28 00:00:00pages
6887-96issue
16eissn
0022-2623issn
1520-4804journal_volume
57pub_type
杂志文章abstract::The synthesis of 5-(arylacetyl)-4-[(alkylamino)methyl]furo[3,2-c] pyridines (16-23, 26, 27) and their activities as kappa-opioid receptor agonists are described. kappa-Agonist potency was particularly sensitive to the nature of the basic moiety. In particular, in the rabbit vas deferens (kappa-specific tissue), the 3-...
journal_title:Journal of medicinal chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1021/jm00040a004
更新日期:1994-07-08 00:00:00
abstract::A series of 9-hydrazono-4H-pyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidin-4-ones was prepared. The compounds were evaluated in the rat passive cutaneous anaphylaxis test for antiallergic activity. Structure-activity relationship studies revealed that the presence of a monosubstituted hydrazone moiety in position 9 and an unsubstituted 2-posi...
journal_title:Journal of medicinal chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1021/jm00362a008
更新日期:1983-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Current drugs for the treatment of seizure disorders, although effective in many patients, still suffer from a number of failures and are not effective in some forms of resistant epilepsies. Historically, many of these drugs have multiple mechanisms of action including calcium and sodium channel blockade as well as GA...
journal_title:Journal of medicinal chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1021/jm901497b
更新日期:2010-01-28 00:00:00
abstract::The need for drugs that lack the obtrusive and limiting side effects of the tricyclic antidepressants has prompted the search for agents with greatly enhanced selectivity for specific mechanisms believed to be essential for antidepressant efficacy. The potential role of derangements of 5-HT pathways in the etiology of...
journal_title:Journal of medicinal chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1021/jm00377a021
更新日期:1984-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Conjugation of pleuromutilin is an attractive strategy for the development of novel antibiotics and the fight against multiresistant bacteria as the class is associated with low rates of resistance and cross-resistance development. Herein, the preparation of 35 novel (+)-pleuromutilin conjugates is reported. Their des...
journal_title:Journal of medicinal chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c01328
更新日期:2020-12-24 00:00:00
abstract::Probucol (1) and probucol analogues with the substitutions at the disulfide-linked carbon (2, 3) and an additional substitution at a tert-butyl of each phenolic ring (4) were tested for their ability to lower total serum cholesterol and prevent aortic atherosclerosis in modified Watanabe heritable hyperlipidemic (WHHL...
journal_title:Journal of medicinal chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1021/jm00105a046
更新日期:1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::A series of nitroimidazoles incorporating sulfonamide/sulfamide/sulfamate moieties were designed and synthesized as radio/chemosensitizing agent targeting the tumor-associated carbonic anhydrase (CA) isoforms IX and XII. Most of the new compounds were nanomolar inhibitors of these isoforms. Crystallographic studies on...
journal_title:Journal of medicinal chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1021/jm4009532
更新日期:2013-11-14 00:00:00
abstract::Seven pyranoses and three furanoses with a nitrogen in the ring were prepared by chemical synthesis, microbial conversion, and isolation from plants to investigate the contribution of epimerization, deoxygenation, and conformation to the potency of inhibition and specificity of mammalian glycosidases. The seven pyrano...
journal_title:Journal of medicinal chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1021/jm00048a006
更新日期:1994-10-28 00:00:00
abstract::The constitution of chlorpromazine has been studied in the context of its phototoxicity. Electron transfer from the side chain to the aromatic nucleus of the drug contributes to its instability to light. Even without the side chain, however, chlorophenothiazines appear to be very photolabile, so that it is unlikely th...
journal_title:Journal of medicinal chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1021/jm00188a016
更新日期:1979-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Twenty-five naturally occurring pentacyclic triterpenes, 15 of which were synthesized in this study, were biologically evaluated as inhibitors of rabbit muscle glycogen phosphorylase a (GPa). From SAR studies, the presence of a sugar moiety in triterpene saponins resulted in a markedly decreased activity ( 7, 18- 20) ...
journal_title:Journal of medicinal chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1021/jm8000949
更新日期:2008-06-26 00:00:00
abstract::The plant metabolite 3,4,5-tri-O-galloylquinic acid methyl ester (TGAME, compound 6) was synthesized, and its potential effect on calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM) crystal binding to the surface of Madin-Darby canine kidney cells type I (MDCKI) and crystal growth in a Drosophila melanogaster Malpighian tubule (MT) mod...
journal_title:Journal of medicinal chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b01566
更新日期:2018-02-22 00:00:00
abstract::New linear and cyclic guanidines were synthesized and tested in vitro for their antifungal activity toward clinically relevant strains of Candida species, in comparison to fluconazole. Macrocyclic compounds showed a minimum inhibitory concentration in the micromolar range and a biological activity profile in some case...
journal_title:Journal of medicinal chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1021/jm900760k
更新日期:2009-12-10 00:00:00
abstract::We recently reported the bioinspired synthesis of a highly potent nonpeptidic xanthone, 2c (AM-0016), with potent antibacterial activity against MRSA. Herein, we report a thorough structure-activity relationship (SAR) analysis of a series of nonpeptidic amphiphilic xanthone derivatives in an attempt to identify more p...
journal_title:Journal of medicinal chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b01500
更新日期:2016-01-14 00:00:00
abstract::The neutral endopeptidase inhibitor (2R)-2-[(1-{[(5-ethyl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)amino]carbonyl}cyclopentyl)methyl]pentanoic acid 2 is metabolized to acyl glucuronide 3. Unprecedentedly, at pH 7.4, 3 does not undergo the O-acyl migration characteristic of acyl glucuronides but rapid, eliminative cyclization (t1/2 at 37...
journal_title:Journal of medicinal chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1021/jm0706766
更新日期:2007-11-29 00:00:00
abstract::A series of novel, potent orthopoxvirus egress inhibitors was identified during high-throughput screening of the ViroPharma small molecule collection. Using structure--activity relationship information inferred from early hits, several compounds were synthesized, and compound 14 was identified as a potent, orally bioa...
journal_title:Journal of medicinal chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1021/jm061484y
更新日期:2007-04-05 00:00:00
abstract::Fragment-based drug design exploits initial screening of low molecular weight compounds and their concomitant affinity improvement. The multitude of possible chemical modifications highlights the necessity to obtain structural information about the binding mode of a fragment. Herein we describe a novel NMR methodology...
journal_title:Journal of medicinal chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b00845
更新日期:2017-11-09 00:00:00
abstract::Rebeccamycin analogues containing uncommon sugars and substitutions on the imide nitrogen have been synthesized. Their cytotoxicities were tested in colon cancer and leukemia cells. Their ability to target topoisomerase I was examined using the in vivo complex of the topoisomerase bioassay in Hela cells. Compared with...
journal_title:Journal of medicinal chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1021/jm0493764
更新日期:2005-04-07 00:00:00
abstract::Two natural occurring melanotropins, camel betaC2-MSH and bovine beta-MSH, have been synthesized by improved solid-phase procedures. The coupling reaction of tert-butyloxycarbonylamino acids was achieved by using their preformed symmetrical anhydrides. The synthetic hormones were purified by gel filtration on Sephadex...
journal_title:Journal of medicinal chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1021/jm00225a006
更新日期:1976-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Two novel classical antifolates N-{4-[(2,4-diamino-5-methyl-4,7-dihydro-3H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6-yl)thio]benzoyl}-L-glutamic acid 3 and N-{4-[(2-amino-4-oxo-5-methyl-4,7-dihydro-3H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6-yl)thio]benzoyl}-L-glutamic acid 4 were designed, synthesized, and evaluated as antitumor agents. Compounds ...
journal_title:Journal of medicinal chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1021/jm058234m
更新日期:2005-11-17 00:00:00
abstract::5'-(Bromoacetamido)-2',5'-dideoxyuridine (3) and derivatives (8, 10, 12, and 14) substituted at the 5-position with bromo, iodo, fluoro, and ethyl groups have been synthesized as potential inhibitors of enzymes that metabolize pyrimidine nucleosides. Also prepared were 2',5'-dideoxyuridine derivatives (4-6) substitute...
journal_title:Journal of medicinal chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1021/jm00388a031
更新日期:1987-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Activators of nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) could lead to promising therapeutics for prevention and treatment of oxidative stress and inflammatory disorders. Ubiquitination and subsequent degradation of the transcription factor NRF2 is mediated by Kelch-like ECH-associated protein-1 (KEAP1). Inhib...
journal_title:Journal of medicinal chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b01133
更新日期:2018-09-13 00:00:00
abstract::A novel series of 3,4-dihydroxychalcones was synthesized to evaluate their effects against 5-lipoxygenase and cyclooxygenase. Almost all compounds exhibited potent inhibitory effects on 5-lipoxygenase with antioxidative effects, and some also inhibited cyclooxygenase. The 2',5'-disubstituted 3,4-dihydroxychalcones wit...
journal_title:Journal of medicinal chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1021/jm00076a019
更新日期:1993-11-26 00:00:00
abstract::A broad screening program previously identified phenprocoumon (1) as a small molecule template for inhibition of HIV protease. Subsequent modification of this lead through iterative cycles of structure-based design led to the activity enhancements of pyrone and dihydropyrone ring systems (II and V) and amide-based sub...
journal_title:Journal of medicinal chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1021/jm9802158
更新日期:1998-08-27 00:00:00
abstract::New carboxyalkyl compounds derived from Phe-Leu and Phe-Ala were synthesized and checked as inhibitors of "enkephalinase", a metalloendopeptidase cleaving the Gly3-Phe4 bond of enkephalins from mouse striatal membranes. Differential recognition of both brain enkephalinase and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) cataly...
journal_title:Journal of medicinal chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1021/jm00355a013
更新日期:1983-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Fragment-based lead discovery has over the years matured into an attractive alternative to high-throughput screening (HTS) for lead generation. Several techniques for screening libraries of typically 10(3)-10(4) fragments have been reported. In this work, the practical success rates that can be expected from the scree...
journal_title:Journal of medicinal chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1021/jm0700316
更新日期:2007-07-12 00:00:00
abstract::An atom economic and stereoselective synthesis of several spiro-piperidin-4-ones through 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of azomethine ylides generated in situ from isatin and alpha-amino acids viz . proline, phenylglycine, and sarcosine to a series of 1-methyl-3,5-bis[(E)-arylmethylidene]tetrahydro-4(1H)-pyridinones is des...
journal_title:Journal of medicinal chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1021/jm800545k
更新日期:2008-09-25 00:00:00
abstract::9-acridinyl derivatives of 1,6-hexanediamine, 1,8-octanediamine, bis(3-aminopropyl)amine, N,N'-bis(3-amino-propyl)piperazine, and N-ethyl-1,6-hexanediamine in the form of their hydrochlorides were prepared in high yields and converted into potential hetero bis DNA intercalating diacridines. The corresponding potential...
journal_title:Journal of medicinal chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1021/jm00364a028
更新日期:1983-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::An inactin-anesthetized rat cardiovascular (CV) assay was employed in a screening mode to triage multiple classes of melanin-concentrating hormone receptor 1 (MCHr1) antagonists. Lead identification was based on a compound profile producing high drug concentration in both plasma (>40 microM) and brain (>20 microg/g) w...
journal_title:Journal of medicinal chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1021/jm0512286
更新日期:2006-04-06 00:00:00
abstract::We synthesized 5-substituted pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine antifolates (compounds 5-10) with one-to-six bridge carbons and a benozyl ring in the side chain as antitumor agents. Compound 8 with a 4-carbon bridge was the most active analogue and potently inhibited proliferation of folate receptor (FR) α-expressing Chinese ha...
journal_title:Journal of medicinal chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1021/jm401328u
更新日期:2013-12-27 00:00:00
abstract::Class IIb bacteriocins are ribosomally synthesized antimicrobial peptides comprising two different peptides synergistically acting in equal amounts for optimal potency. In this study, we demonstrate for the first time potent (nanomolar) antimicrobial activity of a representative class IIb bacteriocin, plantaricin S (P...
journal_title:Journal of medicinal chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1021/jm101540e
更新日期:2011-04-14 00:00:00