Abstract:
:The survival of animals depends critically on prioritizing responses to motivationally salient stimuli. While it is generally believed that motivational salience increases decision speed, the quantitative relationship between motivational salience and decision speed, measured by reaction time (RT), remains unclear. Here we show that the neural correlate of motivational salience in the basal forebrain (BF), defined independently of RT, is coupled with faster and also more precise decision speed. In rats performing a reward-biased simple RT task, motivational salience was encoded by BF bursting response that occurred before RT. We found that faster RTs were tightly coupled with stronger BF motivational salience signals. Furthermore, the fraction of RT variability reflecting the contribution of intrinsic noise in the decision-making process was actively suppressed in faster RT distributions with stronger BF motivational salience signals. Artificially augmenting the BF motivational salience signal via electrical stimulation led to faster and more precise RTs and supports a causal relationship. Together, these results not only describe for the first time, to our knowledge, the quantitative relationship between motivational salience and faster decision speed, they also reveal the quantitative coupling relationship between motivational salience and more precise RT. Our results further establish the existence of an early and previously unrecognized step in the decision-making process that determines both the RT speed and variability of the entire decision-making process and suggest that this novel decision step is dictated largely by the BF motivational salience signal. Finally, our study raises the hypothesis that the dysregulation of decision speed in conditions such as depression, schizophrenia, and cognitive aging may result from the functional impairment of the motivational salience signal encoded by the poorly understood noncholinergic BF neurons.
journal_name
PLoS Bioljournal_title
PLoS biologyauthors
Avila I,Lin SCdoi
10.1371/journal.pbio.1001811subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2014-03-18 00:00:00pages
e1001811issue
3eissn
1544-9173issn
1545-7885pii
PBIOLOGY-D-13-03673journal_volume
12pub_type
杂志文章相关文献
PLOS BIOLOGY文献大全abstract::Morphogen gradients are established by the localized production and subsequent diffusion of signaling molecules. It is generally assumed that cell fates are induced only after morphogen profiles have reached their steady state. Yet, patterning processes during early development occur rapidly, and tissue patterning may...
journal_title:PLoS biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.0050046
更新日期:2007-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cell motility is essential for protozoan and metazoan organisms and typically relies on the dynamic turnover of actin filaments. In metazoans, monomeric actin polymerises into usually long and stable filaments, while some protozoans form only short and highly dynamic actin filaments. These different dynamics are partl...
journal_title:PLoS biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.2005345
更新日期:2018-07-16 00:00:00
abstract::Virus proliferation involves gene replication inside infected cells and transmission to new target cells. Once positive-strand RNA virus has infected a cell, the viral genome serves as a template for copying ("stay-strategy") or is packaged into a progeny virion that will be released extracellularly ("leave-strategy")...
journal_title:PLoS biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.3000562
更新日期:2020-07-30 00:00:00
abstract::CD45(+):Sca1(+) adult stem cells isolated from uninjured muscle do not display any myogenic potential, whereas those isolated from regenerating muscle give rise to myoblasts expressing the paired-box transcription factor Pax7 and the bHLH factors Myf5 and MyoD. By contrast, CD45(+):Sca1(+) isolated from injured Pax7( ...
journal_title:PLoS biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.0020130
更新日期:2004-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::In mammalian oocytes, three actin binding proteins, Formin 2 (Fmn2), Spire, and profilin, synergistically organize a dynamic cytoplasmic actin meshwork that mediates translocation of the spindle toward the cortex and is required for successful fertilization. Here we characterize Fmn2 and elucidate the molecular mechan...
journal_title:PLoS biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1001795
更新日期:2014-02-25 00:00:00
abstract::The issue of nonreplicable evidence has attracted considerable attention across biomedical and other sciences. This concern is accompanied by an increasing interest in reforming research incentives and practices. How to optimally perform these reforms is a scientific problem in itself, and economics has several scient...
journal_title:PLoS biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.2001846
更新日期:2017-04-26 00:00:00
abstract::Centromeres are differentiated chromatin domains, present once per chromosome, that direct segregation of the genome in mitosis and meiosis by specifying assembly of the kinetochore. They are distinct genetic loci in that their identity in most organisms is determined not by the DNA sequences they are associated with,...
journal_title:PLoS biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1001082
更新日期:2011-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Modern whole-organism genome analysis, in combination with biomass estimates, allows us to estimate a lower bound on the total information content in the biosphere: 5.3 × 1031 (±3.6 × 1031) megabases (Mb) of DNA. Given conservative estimates regarding DNA transcription rates, this information content suggests biospher...
journal_title:PLoS biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1002168
更新日期:2015-06-11 00:00:00
abstract::Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) plays a key role in regulating the levels of plasma low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). Here, we demonstrate that the compound PF-06446846 inhibits translation of PCSK9 by inducing the ribosome to stall around codon 34, mediated by the sequence of the nasc...
journal_title:PLoS biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.2001882
更新日期:2017-03-21 00:00:00
abstract::The oversupply of postdoctoral scholars relative to available faculty positions has led to calls for better assessment of career outcomes. Here, we report the results of a study of postdoctoral outcomes at the University of California, San Francisco, and suggest that institutions have an obligation to determine where ...
journal_title:PLoS biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1002458
更新日期:2016-05-06 00:00:00
abstract::The eukaryotic XPD helicase is an essential subunit of TFIIH involved in both transcription and nucleotide excision repair (NER). Mutations in human XPD are associated with several inherited diseases such as xeroderma pigmentosum, Cockayne syndrome, and trichothiodystrophy. We performed a comparative analysis of XPD f...
journal_title:PLoS biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1001954
更新日期:2014-09-30 00:00:00
abstract::Induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells are generated from somatic cells by genetic manipulation. Reprogramming entails multiple transgene integrations and occurs apparently stochastically in rare cells over many days. Tissue stem cells may be subject to less-stringent epigenetic restrictions than other cells and might t...
journal_title:PLoS biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.0060253
更新日期:2008-10-21 00:00:00
abstract::The demonstration of association between common genetic variants and chronic human diseases such as obesity could have profound implications for the prediction, prevention, and treatment of these conditions. Unequivocal proof of such an association, however, requires independent replication of initial positive finding...
journal_title:PLoS biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.0030315
更新日期:2005-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Genome editing occurs in the context of chromatin, which is heterogeneous in structure and function across the genome. Chromatin heterogeneity is thought to affect genome editing efficiency, but this has been challenging to quantify due to the presence of confounding variables. Here, we develop a method that exploits ...
journal_title:PLoS biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.2005595
更新日期:2018-12-12 00:00:00
abstract::Several studies have demonstrated that poor early nutrition, followed by growth compensation, can have negative consequences later in life. However, it remains unclear whether this is attributable to the nutritional deficit itself or a cost of compensatory growth. This distinction is important to our understanding bot...
journal_title:PLoS biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.0040251
更新日期:2006-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Chronic pain is a debilitating problem, and insights in the neurobiology of chronic pain are needed for the development of novel pain therapies. A genome-wide association study implicated the 5p15.2 region in chronic widespread pain. This region includes the coding region for FAM173B, a functionally uncharacterized pr...
journal_title:PLoS biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.2003452
更新日期:2018-02-14 00:00:00
abstract::The hippocampus comprises two neural signals-place cells and θ oscillations-that contribute to facets of spatial navigation. Although their complementary relationship has been well established in rodents, their respective contributions in the primate brain during free navigation remains unclear. Here, we recorded neur...
journal_title:PLoS biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.3000546
更新日期:2019-12-09 00:00:00
abstract::The relative contributions to modern European populations of Paleolithic hunter-gatherers and Neolithic farmers from the Near East have been intensely debated. Haplogroup R1b1b2 (R-M269) is the commonest European Y-chromosomal lineage, increasing in frequency from east to west, and carried by 110 million European men....
journal_title:PLoS biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1000285
更新日期:2010-01-19 00:00:00
abstract::A vast and rich body of information has grown up as a result of the world's enthusiasm for 'omics technologies. Finding ways to describe and make available this information that maximise its usefulness has become a major effort across the 'omics world. At the heart of this effort is the Genomic Standards Consortium (G...
journal_title:PLoS biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1001088
更新日期:2011-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Translation termination at premature termination codons (PTCs) triggers degradation of the aberrant mRNA, but the mechanism by which a termination event is defined as premature is still unclear. Here we show that the physical distance between the termination codon and the poly(A)-binding protein PABPC1 is a crucial de...
journal_title:PLoS biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.0060092
更新日期:2008-04-29 00:00:00
abstract::During gestation, uterine smooth muscle cells transition from a state of quiescence to one of contractility, but the molecular mechanisms underlying this transition at a genomic level are not well-known. To better understand these events, we evaluated the epigenetic landscape of the mouse myometrium during the pregnan...
journal_title:PLoS biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.3000710
更新日期:2020-07-15 00:00:00
abstract::The ability to identify and react to novelty within the environment is fundamental to survival. Computational models emphasize the potential role of the hippocampus in novelty detection, its unique anatomical circuitry making it ideally suited to act as a comparator between past and present experience. The hippocampus...
journal_title:PLoS biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.0040424
更新日期:2006-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Developmental biology (including embryology) is proposed as "the stem cell of biological disciplines." Genetics, cell biology, oncology, immunology, evolutionary mechanisms, neurobiology, and systems biology each has its ancestry in developmental biology. Moreover, developmental biology continues to roll on, budding o...
journal_title:PLoS biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.2003691
更新日期:2017-12-28 00:00:00
abstract::The link between single-cell variation and population-level fate choices lacks a mechanistic explanation despite extensive observations of gene expression and epigenetic variation among individual cells. Here, we found that single human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) have different and biased differentiation potentials ...
journal_title:PLoS biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.3000453
更新日期:2019-09-26 00:00:00
abstract::RNA interference is triggered by double-stranded RNA that is processed into small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) by Dicer enzyme. Endogenously, RNA interference triggers are created from small noncoding RNAs called microRNAs (miRNAs). RNA-induced silencing complexes (RISC) in human cells can be programmed by exogenously in...
journal_title:PLoS biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.0040210
更新日期:2006-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Many genes are regulated as an innate part of the eukaryotic cell cycle, and a complex transcriptional network helps enable the cyclic behavior of dividing cells. This transcriptional network has been studied in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (budding yeast) and elsewhere. To provide more perspective on these regulatory mec...
journal_title:PLoS biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.0030225
更新日期:2005-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The fate of neural progenitor cells (NPCs) during corticogenesis is determined by a complex interplay of genetic or epigenetic components, but the underlying mechanism is incompletely understood. Here, we demonstrate that Suppressor of Mek null (Smek) interact with methyl-CpG-binding domain 3 (Mbd3) and the complex pl...
journal_title:PLoS biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.2001220
更新日期:2017-05-03 00:00:00
abstract::FBW7 is a crucial component of an SCF-type E3 ubiquitin ligase, which mediates degradation of an array of different target proteins. The Fbw7 locus comprises three different isoforms, each with its own promoter and each suspected to have a distinct set of substrates. Most FBW7 targets have important functions in devel...
journal_title:PLoS biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1001586
更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Inspiratory breathing movements depend on pre-Bötzinger complex (preBötC) interneurons that express calcium (Ca2+)-activated nonselective cationic current (ICAN) to generate robust neural bursts. Hypothesized to be rhythmogenic, reducing ICAN is predicted to slow down or stop breathing; its contributions to motor patt...
journal_title:PLoS biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.2006094
更新日期:2019-02-21 00:00:00
abstract::Adaptive evolution is generally assumed to progress through the accumulation of beneficial mutations. However, as deleterious mutations are common in natural populations, they generate a strong selection pressure to mitigate their detrimental effects through compensatory genetic changes. This process can potentially i...
journal_title:PLoS biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1001935
更新日期:2014-08-26 00:00:00