Medically assisted nutrition for palliative care in adult patients.

abstract：BACKGROUND:Dysvascularity accounts for 75% of all lower limb amputations in the UK. Around 37% of these procedures are done at the transfemoral level (mid-thigh), with most patients over the age of 60 and having existing comorbidities. A significant number of these amputees are prescribed a lower limb prosthesis for wa...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Barr S,Howe TE

更新日期：2018-10-23 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Absence seizures are brief epileptic seizures which present in childhood and adolescence. They are characterised by sudden loss of awareness and an electroencephalogram (EEG) typically shows generalised spike wave discharges at three cycles per second. Ethosuximide, valproate and lamotrigine are currently us...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Posner EB,Mohamed K,Marson AG

更新日期：2003-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVES:To assess the effectiveness of vaccination against Pseudomonas aeruginosa in patients with cystic fibrosis. SEARCH STRATEGY:The Cochrane Cystic Fibrosis and Genetic Disorders Group specialist trials register which comprises references identified from comprehensive electronic database searches, handsearching...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Keogan MT,Johansen HK

更新日期：2000-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:This is an update of the original Cochrane review published in Issue 2, 2007. Some antiepileptic medicines have a place in the treatment of neuropathic pain (pain due to nerve damage). This updated review adds five new additional studies looking at evidence for Lamotrigine as an effective treatment for acute...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Wiffen PJ,Derry S,Moore RA

更新日期：2011-02-16 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:The perianal abscess is a common surgical problem. A third of perianal abscesses may manifest a fistula-in-ano which increases the risk of abscess recurrence requiring repeat surgical drainage. Treating the fistula at the same time as incision and drainage of the abscess may reduce the likelihood of recurren...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Malik AI,Nelson RL,Tou S

更新日期：2010-07-07 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Gastric cancer is the third most common cause of cancer-related mortality in the world. Currently there are two surgical options for potentially curable patients (i.e. people with non-metastatic gastric cancer), laparoscopic and open gastrectomy. However, it is not clear whether one of these options is super...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Best LM,Mughal M,Gurusamy KS

更新日期：2016-03-31 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Trials on the effect of systemic chemotherapy on survival and recurrence in adults with high-grade glioma have had inconclusive results. We undertook a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the effects of such treatment on survival and recurrence. OBJECTIVES:To compare radiotherapy plus chemotherapy...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Glioma Meta-Analysis Trialists (GMT) Group.

更新日期：2002-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:The behavioural problems of people with dementia are often considered as one of the most challenging issues in caring. Special Care Units (SCUs) have flourished since the 1980s with the aim of taking care of dementia patients, usually those with Alzheimer's disease, and in particular for those with behaviour...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Lai CK,Yeung JH,Mok V,Chi I

更新日期：2009-10-07 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:A patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) complicates the clinical course of preterm infants, increasing their risks of developing chronic lung disease (CLD), necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), and intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH). Indomethacin is used as standard therapy to close a PDA, but is associated with reduced...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Ohlsson A,Walia R,Shah S

更新日期：2008-01-23 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:The results from controlled clinical trials investigating the efficacy of azathioprine and 6-mercaptopurine for the treatment of active Crohn's disease were conflicting and controversial. A meta-analysis was performed to assess the effectiveness of these drugs for the induction of remission in active Crohn's...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Prefontaine E,Macdonald JK,Sutherland LR

更新日期：2009-10-07 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Many dental procedures cause bacteraemia and it is believed that this may lead to bacterial endocarditis (BE) in a few people. Guidelines in many countries recommend that prior to invasive dental procedures antibiotics are administered to people at high risk of endocarditis. However, it is unclear whether th...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Oliver R,Roberts GJ,Hooper L

更新日期：2004-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Cancer patients are 1.4 times more likely to be unemployed than healthy people. Therefore it is important to provide cancer patients with programmes to support the return-to-work (RTW) process. This is an update of a Cochrane review first published in 2011. OBJECTIVES:To evaluate the effectiveness of interv...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： de Boer AG,Taskila TK,Tamminga SJ,Feuerstein M,Frings-Dresen MH,Verbeek JH

更新日期：2015-09-25 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Ingrowing toenails are a common condition which, when recurrent and painful, are often treated surgically. OBJECTIVES:To evaluate the effectiveness of methods of the surgical treatment of ingrowing toenails. SEARCH STRATEGY:Electronic database searching (CENTRAL, MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL) followed by invest...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Rounding C,Bloomfield S

更新日期：2005-04-18 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Osteomyelitis (both acute and chronic) is one of the most common infectious complications in people with sickle cell disease. There is no standardized approach to antibiotic therapy and treatment is likely to vary from country to country. Thus, there is a need to identify the efficacy and safety of different...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Martí-Carvajal AJ,Agreda-Pérez LH

更新日期：2012-12-12 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a significant risk factor for premature cardiovascular disease and death. Increased oxidative stress in people with CKD has been implicated as a potential causative factor for some cardiovascular diseases. Antioxidant therapy may reduce cardiovascular mortality and morbidity i...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Jun M,Venkataraman V,Razavian M,Cooper B,Zoungas S,Ninomiya T,Webster AC,Perkovic V

更新日期：2012-10-17 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:In cardiac ischaemia, the accumulation of adenosine may lead to or exacerbate bradyasystole and diminish the effectiveness of catecholamines administered during resuscitation. Aminophylline is a competitive adenosine antagonist. Case studies suggest that aminophylline may be effective for atropine-resistant ...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Hurley KF,Magee K,Green R

更新日期：2013-08-15 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Several antibiotics have been evaluated in Crohn's disease (CD), however randomised controlled trials (RCTs) have produced conflicting results. OBJECTIVES:To assess the efficacy and safety of antibiotics for induction and maintenance of remission in CD. SEARCH METHODS:We searched MEDLINE, Embase, CENTRAL, ...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Townsend CM,Parker CE,MacDonald JK,Nguyen TM,Jairath V,Feagan BG,Khanna R

更新日期：2019-02-07 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Demographic changes are leading to an increase in the number of older drivers: as dementia is an age-related disease, there is also an increase in the numbers of drivers with dementia. Dementia can impact on both the mobility and safety of drivers, and the impact of formal assessment of driving is unknown in...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Martin AJ,Marottoli R,O'Neill D

更新日期：2009-01-21 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Fuchs endothelial dystrophy (FED), first described by Ernst Fuchsis in 1910, is a condition in which there is premature degeneration of corneal endothelial cells. When the number of endothelial cells is reduced to a significant degree fluid begins to accumulate within the cornea. As a result the cornea loses...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Nanavaty MA,Shortt AJ

更新日期：2011-07-06 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Escalating awareness of the magnitude of the challenge posed by low levels of physical activity in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) highlights the need for interventions to increase physical activity participation. The widely-accepted benefits of physical activity, coupled with the in...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Burge AT,Cox NS,Abramson MJ,Holland AE

更新日期：2020-04-16 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:People with asthma who come from minority groups often have poorer asthma outcomes, including more acute asthma-related doctor visits for flare-ups. Various programmes used to educate and empower people with asthma have previously been shown to improve certain asthma outcomes (e.g. adherence outcomes, asthma...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： McCallum GB,Morris PS,Brown N,Chang AB

更新日期：2017-08-22 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Oxytocin is the commonest induction agent used worldwide. It has been used alone, in combination with amniotomy or following cervical ripening with other pharmacological or non-pharmacological methods. Prior to the introduction of prostaglandin agents oxytocin was used as a cervical ripening agent as well. I...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Kelly AJ,Tan B

更新日期：2001-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:During aortic aneurysm surgery, cross-clamping can lead to inadequate blood supply to the spinal cord resulting in neurological deficit. Cerebrospinal fluid drainage (CSFD) may increase the perfusion pressure to the spinal cord and hence reduce the risk of ischaemic spinal cord injury. OBJECTIVES:To determi...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Khan SN,Stansby G

更新日期：2012-10-17 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Ovulatory disturbance is a key diagnostic feature of polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), leading to infertility and correspondingly heavy disease burden. Many therapeutic strategies have been used to induce ovulation for women with PCOS who are infertile. Ultrasound-guided transvaginal ovarian needle drillin...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Zhang J,Tang L,Kong L,Wu T,Xu L,Pan X,Liu GJ

更新日期：2019-07-31 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Advances in minimally invasive surgery for live kidney donors have led to the development of laparoendoscopic single site donor nephrectomy (LESS-DN). At present, laparoscopic donor nephrectomy is the technique of choice for donor nephrectomy globally. Compared with open surgical approaches, laparoscopic don...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Gupta A,Ahmed K,Kynaston HG,Dasgupta P,Chlosta PL,Aboumarzouk OM

更新日期：2016-05-27 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Perineal trauma is common during childbirth and may be painful. Contemporary maternity practice includes offering women numerous forms of pain relief, including the local application of cooling treatments. OBJECTIVES:To evaluate the effectiveness and side effects of localised cooling treatments compared wit...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： East CE,Begg L,Henshall NE,Marchant PR,Wallace K

更新日期：2012-05-16 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Patient surveys have shown that postoperative pain is often not managed well, and there is a need to assess the efficacy and safety of commonly used analgesics as newer treatments become available. Paracetamol (acetaminophen) is an important non-opiate analgesic, commonly prescribed, as well as being availab...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Moore A,Collins S,Carroll D,McQuay H,Edwards J

更新日期：2000-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Pharmacological treatments for tobacco dependence, such as nicotine replacement therapy (NRT), have been shown to be safe and effective interventions for smoking cessation. Higher levels of adherence to these medications increase the likelihood of sustained smoking cessation, but many smokers use them at a l...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Hollands GJ,McDermott MS,Lindson-Hawley N,Vogt F,Farley A,Aveyard P

更新日期：2015-02-23 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Animal and physiological research as well as observational studies suggest that antioxidant supplements may improve survival. OBJECTIVES:To assess the effect of antioxidant supplements on mortality in primary or secondary prevention randomised clinical trials. SEARCH STRATEGY:We searched The Cochrane Libra...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Bjelakovic G,Nikolova D,Gluud LL,Simonetti RG,Gluud C

更新日期：2008-04-16 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Chronic kidney disease-mineral and bone disorder (CKD-MBD) is a systemic dysfunction of mineral and bone metabolism in people with CKD. Recent research shows that phosphate retention plays a significant role in the development of CKD-MBD. Compared with drug therapies, dietary interventions may be simple, ine...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Liu Z,Su G,Guo X,Wu Y,Liu X,Zou C,Zhang L,Yang Q,Xu Y,Ma W

更新日期：2015-09-16 00:00:00