Achieving appropriate regulations for electronic cigarettes.

Abstract:

:A growing body of scientific studies show that e-cigarettes may serve as an acceptable substitute for smoking tobacco cigarettes, thereby reducing or eliminating exposure to harmful elements in smoke. The success of e-cigarettes is such that sales of these products are rapidly gaining on traditional cigarettes. The rapidly evolving phenomenon is raising concerns for the health community, pharmaceutical industry, health regulators and state governments. Obviously, these products need to be adequately regulated, primarily to protect users. Depending on the form and intended scope, certain regulatory decisions may have diverse unintended consequences on public health and may face many different challenges. Ideally, before any regulations are enacted, the regulatory body will require sufficient scientific research to verify that a problem does exist, quantify the problem, explore all potential solutions including making no change at all, determine the possible consequences of each, and then select the solution that is best for public health. Here we present an overview on the existing and deeming regulatory decisions for electronic cigarettes. We challenge them, based on the mounting scientific evidence with the ultimate goal of proposing appropriate recommendations while minimizing potential unintended consequences of ill-informed regulation.

journal_name

Ther Adv Chronic Dis

authors

Saitta D,Ferro GA,Polosa R

doi

10.1177/2040622314521271

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2014-03-01 00:00:00

pages

50-61

issue

2

eissn

2040-6223

issn

2040-6231

pii

10.1177_2040622314521271

journal_volume

5

pub_type

杂志文章,评审
  • Developments in rare bone diseases and mineral disorders.

    abstract::In the last decade, there have been a number of significant advances made in the field of rare bone diseases. In this review, we discuss the expansion of the classification system for osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) and the resultant increase in therapeutic options available for management of OI. Bisphosphonates remain t...

    journal_title:Therapeutic advances in chronic disease

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1177/2040622317739538

    authors: Bacon S,Crowley R

    更新日期:2018-01-01 00:00:00

  • Intravenous iron in digestive diseases: a clinical (re)view.

    abstract::Intravenous iron has been considered dangerous by many clinicians. In the last two decades, considerable experience has been gained with new formulations in different clinical settings. Data from clinical trials, observational studies, and postmarketing surveillance studies demonstrate that intravenous iron is safe an...

    journal_title:Therapeutic advances in chronic disease

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1177/2040622310373675

    authors: Gomollón F,Gisbert JP,García-Erce JA

    更新日期:2010-03-01 00:00:00

  • Bilateral chylothorax: an unusual complication of cervical rib resection.

    abstract::Bilateral chylothorax is a rare cause of pleural effusions. Here we report an unusual acute presentation of bilateral chylothorax following thoracic outlet surgery. Unique to this case was the disparate characteristics of pleural fluid analyses with an exudate on the left and a transudate on the right. This report des...

    journal_title:Therapeutic advances in chronic disease

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1177/2040622314552072

    authors: Morjaria JB,Aslam I,Johnson B,Greenstone MA,Kastelik JA

    更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00

  • The role of oesophageal physiological testing in the assessment of noncardiac chest pain.

    abstract::Oesophageal physiology testing plays an important role in the diagnosis of noncardiac chest pain (NCCP) after cardiac, structural and mucosal abnormalities have been ruled out. Endoscopy can establish the presence of structural causes of chest pain such as cancer, oesophageal webs and diverticula. Even if macroscopica...

    journal_title:Therapeutic advances in chronic disease

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1177/2040622318791392

    authors: Heinrich H,Sweis R

    更新日期:2018-09-11 00:00:00

  • Integrin alpha-5 silencing leads to myofibroblastic differentiation in IPF-derived human lung fibroblasts.

    abstract:Background and objective:The term 'fibroblast' covers a heterogeneous cell population in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). The fibroblasts are considered as main effector cells, because they promote disease progression by releasing exaggerated amounts of extracellular matrix proteins and modifying cell microenvironm...

    journal_title:Therapeutic advances in chronic disease

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1177/2040622320936023

    authors: Shochet GE,Brook E,Bardenstein-Wald B,Grobe H,Edelstein E,Israeli-Shani L,Shitrit D

    更新日期:2020-06-24 00:00:00

  • Tildrakizumab in the treatment of psoriasis: latest evidence and place in therapy.

    abstract::Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory disorder that is clinically characterized by scaly cutaneous plaques. New evidence suggests that dysregulation of interleukin (IL)-23, a key cytokine in the T-helper-17 pathway, plays a vital role in the development of psoriatic systemic inflammation. The novel biologic medication t...

    journal_title:Therapeutic advances in chronic disease

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1177/2040622319865658

    authors: Pithadia DJ,Reynolds KA,Lee EB,Liao W,Wu JJ

    更新日期:2019-08-12 00:00:00

  • Neglected extra-articular manifestations in rheumatoid arthritis patients with normal body mass index: reduced skeletal muscle overlapping overfat.

    abstract:Background:Chronic inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) can induce reduced muscle mass (myopenia) and ectopic fat deposition probably showing normal body mass index (BMI). We aimed to investigate their body composition (BC) characteristics and clinical significance. Methods:BMI and BC were collected in consecutiv...

    journal_title:Therapeutic advances in chronic disease

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1177/2040622320975241

    authors: Lin JZ,Chen CT,Ma JD,Mo YQ,Li QH,Chen LF,Yang ZH,Cheng WM,He XL,Zheng DH,Dai L

    更新日期:2020-11-27 00:00:00

  • Pegylated interferon and ribavirin treatment for hepatitis C virus infection.

    abstract::In patients affected by chronic hepatitis C (CHC) infection, viral eradication can be achieved by antiviral therapy based on the use of a combination of pegylated interferon α-2a or 2b and ribavirin that yields a sustained eradication in 40-50% of cases. The aim of this review is to evaluate the efficacy of pegylated ...

    journal_title:Therapeutic advances in chronic disease

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1177/2040622310384308

    authors: Palumbo E

    更新日期:2011-01-01 00:00:00

  • Interleukin 23 in the skin: role in psoriasis pathogenesis and selective interleukin 23 blockade as treatment.

    abstract::Plaque psoriasis is one of the most common autoimmune skin diseases and is characterized by erythematous, scaly plaques. Many highly effective, targeted therapies have been developed as a result of an improved understanding of the pathogenesis of psoriasis. Using agents that target the central interleukin (IL)-23/IL-1...

    journal_title:Therapeutic advances in chronic disease

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1177/2040622318759282

    authors: Chan TC,Hawkes JE,Krueger JG

    更新日期:2018-05-01 00:00:00

  • Prevention of infection caused by immunosuppressive drugs in gastroenterology.

    abstract::Immunosuppressive therapy is frequently used to treat gastrointestinal diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease, autoimmune hepatitis, IgG4-related disease (autoimmune pancreatitis and sclerosing cholangitis) and in the post-transplantation setting. These drugs interfere with the immune system. The main safety conc...

    journal_title:Therapeutic advances in chronic disease

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1177/2040622313485275

    authors: Orlicka K,Barnes E,Culver EL

    更新日期:2013-07-01 00:00:00

  • Comparing iStent versus CyPass with or without phacoemulsification in patients with glaucoma: a meta-analysis.

    abstract:Bacground:The aim of this study was to conduct a meta-analysis to compare the overall intraocular pressure (IOP)-lowering effect of iStent or CyPass as isolated procedures or in combination with cataract extraction. Materials and methods:Cochrane review manager 5.3 software (RevMan® 5.3) was used for a meta-analysis o...

    journal_title:Therapeutic advances in chronic disease

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1177/2040622318820850

    authors: Mahdavi Fard A,Patel SP,Pourafkari L,Nader ND

    更新日期:2019-01-31 00:00:00

  • Dimethyl fumarate in multiple sclerosis: latest developments, evidence and place in therapy.

    abstract::Dimethyl fumarate (DMF) is one of the newer additions to the armamentarium of potent immunomodulators for the treatment of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS). After more than 2 years of real-world experience and more than 190,000 patients currently treated with DMF worldwide, it is a good timepoint to revie...

    journal_title:Therapeutic advances in chronic disease

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1177/2040622316653307

    authors: Linker RA,Haghikia A

    更新日期:2016-07-01 00:00:00

  • The effect of angiotensin II receptor blockers on hyperuricemia.

    abstract::The objective of this review was to explore the efficacy of angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) for the treatment of hyperuricemia in individuals diagnosed with gout or hyperuricemia defined as ⩾7 mg/dl at baseline. A literature search of MEDLINE (1946 to June 2015) and EMBASE (1947 to June 2015) was conducted. Th...

    journal_title:Therapeutic advances in chronic disease

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1177/2040622315596119

    authors: Wolff ML,Cruz JL,Vanderman AJ,Brown JN

    更新日期:2015-11-01 00:00:00

  • Application of non-mydriatic fundus examination and artificial intelligence to promote the screening of diabetic retinopathy in the endocrine clinic: an observational study of T2DM patients in Tianjin, China.

    abstract:Background:We aimed to determine the role of non-mydriatic fundus examination and artificial intelligence (AI) in screening diabetic retinopathy (DR) in patients with diabetes in the Metabolic Disease Management Center (MMC) in Tianjin, China. Methods:Adult patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus who were first treated...

    journal_title:Therapeutic advances in chronic disease

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1177/2040622320942415

    authors: Hao Z,Cui S,Zhu Y,Shao H,Huang X,Jiang X,Xu R,Chang B,Li H

    更新日期:2020-09-10 00:00:00

  • P2Y12 antagonists in non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndromes: latest evidence and optimal use.

    abstract::Dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT), which includes the combination of aspirin and a P2Y12 platelet receptor inhibitor, is a well-established antiplatelet regimen in the treatment of patients with non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndrome (NSTE-ACS). Three P2Y12 inhibitor options (clopidogrel, prasugrel and ticagr...

    journal_title:Therapeutic advances in chronic disease

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1177/2040622315584113

    authors: Norgard NB,DiNicolantonio JJ

    更新日期:2015-07-01 00:00:00

  • New perspectives on management of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.

    abstract::Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic, progressive parenchymal lung disease characterized by a median survival of 3-5 years following diagnosis. The diagnosis is based on clinical, radiological and histopathological evaluation. Therefore, a multidisciplinary team is needed to reach the correct diagnosis. Fo...

    journal_title:Therapeutic advances in chronic disease

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1177/2040622315624276

    authors: Puglisi S,Torrisi SE,Vindigni V,Giuliano R,Palmucci S,Mulè M,Vancheri C

    更新日期:2016-03-01 00:00:00

  • Comparative efficacy and safety of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor regimens for neovascular age-related macular degeneration: systematic review and Bayesian network meta-analysis.

    abstract:Background:As a debilitating neurodegenerative disease, neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) accounts for more than 90% of severe visual loss or legal blindness among AMD patients. Anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) had been applied widely in nAMD treatment. To date, debate regarding efficacy...

    journal_title:Therapeutic advances in chronic disease

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1177/2040622320953349

    authors: Ye L,Jiaqi Z,Jianchao W,Zhaohui F,Liang Y,Xiaohui Z

    更新日期:2020-09-04 00:00:00

  • Enhancement of nicotinic receptors alleviates cytotoxicity in neurological disease models.

    abstract::The common pathological mechanisms among the spectrum of neurodegenerative diseases are supposed to be shared. Multiple lines of evidence, from molecular and cellular to epidemiological, have implicated nicotinic transmission in the pathology of the two most common neurodegenerative disorders, namely Alzheimer's disea...

    journal_title:Therapeutic advances in chronic disease

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1177/2040622310397691

    authors: Kawamata J,Suzuki S,Shimohama S

    更新日期:2011-05-01 00:00:00

  • Successful treatment with thalidomide for pemphigus vulgaris.

    abstract:Background:Pemphigus vulgaris (PV) is a potentially life-threatening mucocutaneous autoimmune blistering disease characterized by suprabasal acantholysis, causing painful mucocutaneous blisters and erosions. Current mainstay therapy for pemphigus is systemic corticosteroids in combination with or without immunosuppress...

    journal_title:Therapeutic advances in chronic disease

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1177/2040622320916023

    authors: Zhang B,Mao X,Zhao W,Jin H,Li L

    更新日期:2020-05-02 00:00:00

  • The therapeutic role of ivabradine in heart failure.

    abstract::Heart failure represents a major global cause of morbidity and mortality. Ivabradine is a selective funny current (If) inhibitor, which acts on the sinoatrial node, resulting in a reduction in heart rate. Ivabradine is currently licensed for use in patients with symptomatic heart failure with reduced ejection fraction...

    journal_title:Therapeutic advances in chronic disease

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1177/2040622318784556

    authors: Badu-Boateng C,Jennings R,Hammersley D

    更新日期:2018-07-04 00:00:00

  • Steps in the management of psoriatic arthritis: a guide for clinicians.

    abstract::Psoriatic arthritis is a common systemic inflammatory disorder, which in addition to skin and nail involvement may be associated with peripheral and axial joint involvement, enthesitis, dactylitis, and important comorbidities - especially cardiovascular morbidity. Better insights into the involved pathogenic mechanism...

    journal_title:Therapeutic advances in chronic disease

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1177/2040622312459673

    authors: Cuchacovich R,Perez-Alamino R,Garcia-Valladares I,Espinoza LR

    更新日期:2012-11-01 00:00:00

  • GNS561 acts as a potent anti-fibrotic and pro-fibrolytic agent in liver fibrosis through TGF-β1 inhibition.

    abstract:Background:Hepatic fibrosis is the result of chronic liver injury that can progress to cirrhosis and lead to liver failure. Nevertheless, there are no anti-fibrotic drugs licensed for human use. Here, we investigated the anti-fibrotic activity of GNS561, a new lysosomotropic molecule with high liver tropism. Methods:T...

    journal_title:Therapeutic advances in chronic disease

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1177/2040622320942042

    authors: Bestion E,Jilkova ZM,Mège JL,Novello M,Kurma K,Pour STA,Lalmanach G,Vanderlynden L,Fizanne L,Bassissi F,Rachid M,Tracz J,Boursier J,Courcambeck J,Serdjebi C,Ansaldi C,Decaens T,Halfon P,Brun S

    更新日期:2020-07-16 00:00:00

  • Prescribing in care homes: the role of the geriatrician.

    abstract::Large numbers of frail elderly people spend some time of their lives in care homes. Increasing age is associated with altered physiology, multiple diagnoses and complex comorbidity, and polypharmacy. Those living in care homes often take larger numbers of medications than those who live in the community and the risk o...

    journal_title:Therapeutic advances in chronic disease

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1177/2040622311421438

    authors: Burns E,McQuillan N

    更新日期:2011-11-01 00:00:00

  • A review of ultrabrief pulse width electroconvulsive therapy.

    abstract::The effect of shortening the pulse width of the electrical stimulus when administering electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) has recently been systematically studied with promising results. This review examines reported outcomes from three randomized controlled trials which compared ultrabrief (≤0.3 ms) with brief (0.5-1.5 ...

    journal_title:Therapeutic advances in chronic disease

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1177/2040622311432493

    authors: Loo CK,Katalinic N,Martin D,Schweitzer I

    更新日期:2012-03-01 00:00:00

  • A review of the medical treatment of primary sclerosing cholangitis in the 21st century.

    abstract::Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is a chronic cholestatic liver disease that progresses to end-stage liver disease and cirrhosis. Recurrent biliary inflammation is thought to lead to dysplasia, and as such PSC confers a high risk of cholangiocarcinoma. PSC accounts for 10% of all UK liver transplants, although tra...

    journal_title:Therapeutic advances in chronic disease

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1177/2040622315605821

    authors: Goode EC,Rushbrook SM

    更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00

  • Specific composition of polyphenolic compounds with fatty acids as an approach in helping to reduce spirochete burden in Lyme disease: in vivo and human observational study.

    abstract:Background:Lyme disease (LD) is a tick-borne infection caused by Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato. The current therapeutic approach to this disease is limited to antibiotics. However, after their administration, about 20% of patients experience delayed onset of this illness manifesting as lingering persistent symptoms. ...

    journal_title:Therapeutic advances in chronic disease

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1177/2040622320922005

    authors: Goc A,Gehring G,Baltin H,Niedzwiecki A,Rath M

    更新日期:2020-05-24 00:00:00

  • Role of Sfrps in cardiovascular disease.

    abstract::Secreted frizzled-related proteins (Sfrps) are a family of secreted proteins that bind extracellularly to Wnt ligands and frizzled receptors. This binding modulates the Wnt signaling cascade, and Sfrps interact with their corresponding receptors. Sfrps are thought to play an important role in the pathological mechanis...

    journal_title:Therapeutic advances in chronic disease

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1177/2040622320901990

    authors: Huang A,Huang Y

    更新日期:2020-01-28 00:00:00

  • The perceptions of natural compounds against dipeptidyl peptidase 4 in diabetes: from in silico to in vivo.

    abstract::Dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-4), an incretin glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) degrading enzyme, contains two forms and it can exert various physiological functions particular in controlling blood glucose through the action of GLP-1. In diabetic use, the DPP-4 inhibitor can block the DDP-4 to attenuate GLP-1 degradation...

    journal_title:Therapeutic advances in chronic disease

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1177/2040622319875305

    authors: Lin SR,Chang CH,Tsai MJ,Cheng H,Chen JC,Leong MK,Weng CF

    更新日期:2019-09-19 00:00:00

  • Increased levels of HE4 (WFDC2) in systemic sclerosis: a novel biomarker reflecting interstitial lung disease severity?

    abstract:Background:Human epididymis protein 4 (HE4, also known as WFDC-2) has been implicated in fibrotic disorders pathobiology. We tested the hypothesis that HE4 may be used as a candidate biomarker for systemic sclerosis (SSc)-related interstitial lung disease (SSc-ILD). Methods:A total of 169 consecutive SSc patients and ...

    journal_title:Therapeutic advances in chronic disease

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1177/2040622320956420

    authors: Zhang M,Zhang L,E L,Xu K,Wang XF,Zhang B,Su J,Meng Z

    更新日期:2020-09-12 00:00:00

  • What and why: the current situation and future prospects of "ivy sign" in moyamoya disease.

    abstract::"Ivy sign" is a special imaging manifestation of moyamoya disease (MMD), which shows continuous linear or punctate high intensity along the cortical sulci and subarachnoid space on magnetic resonance images. Ivy sign was reported to reflect the development of compensatory collaterals, and to be closely related to hemo...

    journal_title:Therapeutic advances in chronic disease

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1177/2040622320960004

    authors: Yu J,Du Q,Xie H,Chen J,Chen J

    更新日期:2020-10-10 00:00:00