Viewpoint discrimination and contestation of ideas on its merits, leadership and organizational ethics: expanding the African bioethics agenda.

Abstract:

:The 3rd Pan-African Ethics Human Rights and Medical Law (3rd EHRML) conference was held in Johannesburg on July 7, 2013, as part of the Africa Health Congress. The conference brought together bioethicists, researchers and scholars from South Africa, Zimbabwe, Kenya and Nigeria working in the field of bioethics as well as students and healthcare workers interested in learning about ethical issues confronting the African continent. The conference which ran with a theme of "Bioethical and legal perspectives in biomedical research and medical practice in Africa with a focus on: Informed consent, HIV-AIDS & Tuberculosis, leadership & organizational ethics, patients and healthcare workers rights," was designed to expand the dialogue on African bioethics beyond the traditional focus on research ethics and the ethical dilemmas surrounding the conduct of biomedical research in developing countries. This introductory article highlights some of areas of focus at the conference including issues of leadership, organizational ethics and patients and healthcare workers rights in Africa. We analyze the importance of free speech, public debate of issues, argumentation and the need to introduce the teaching and learning of ethics to students in Africa in accordance with UNESCO guidelines. This article also focuses on other challenges confronting Africa today from an ethical standpoint, including the issues of poor leadership and organizational ethics which are main contributors to the problems prevalent in African countries, such as poverty, poor education and healthcare delivery systems, terrorism, social inequities, infrastructural deficits and other forms of 'structural violence' confronting vulnerable African communities. We believe that each of the eight articles included in this supplement, which have been rigorously peer-reviewed are a good example of current research on bioethics in Africa, and explore some new directions towards broadening the African bioethics agenda as we move forward to a new dawn for Africa in the 21st century.

journal_name

BMC Med Ethics

journal_title

BMC medical ethics

authors

Chima SC,Mduluza T,Kipkemboi J

doi

10.1186/1472-6939-14-S1-S1

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2013-01-01 00:00:00

pages

S1

issn

1472-6939

pii

1472-6939-14-S1-S1

journal_volume

14 Suppl 1

pub_type

  • International variation in ethics committee requirements: comparisons across five Westernised nations.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Ethics committees typically apply the common principles of autonomy, nonmaleficence, beneficence and justice to research proposals but with variable weighting and interpretation. This paper reports a comparison of ethical requirements in an international cross-cultural study and discusses their implications....

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    authors: Goodyear-Smith F,Lobb B,Davies G,Nachson I,Seelau SM

    更新日期:2002-04-19 00:00:00

  • Their view: difficulties and challenges of patients and physicians in cross-cultural encounters and a medical ethics perspective.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:In todays' super-diverse societies, communication and interaction in clinical encounters are increasingly shaped by linguistic, cultural, social and ethnic complexities. It is crucial to better understand the difficulties patients with migration background and healthcare professionals experience in their sha...

    journal_title:BMC medical ethics

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1186/s12910-018-0311-4

    authors: Würth K,Langewitz W,Reiter-Theil S,Schuster S

    更新日期:2018-07-04 00:00:00

  • Is informed consent related to success in exercise and diet intervention as evaluated at 12 months? DR's EXTRA study.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:There is a permanent need to evaluate and develop the ethical quality of scientific research and to widen knowledge about the effects of ethical issues. Therefore we evaluated whether informed consent is related to implementation and success in a lifestyle intervention study with older research participants....

    journal_title:BMC medical ethics

    pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验

    doi:10.1186/1472-6939-11-9

    authors: Länsimies-Antikainen H,Pietilä AM,Laitinen T,Kiviniemi V,Rauramaa R

    更新日期:2010-06-08 00:00:00

  • Ethics of health research with prisoners in Canada.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Despite the growing recognition for the need to improve the health of prisoners in Canada and the need for health research, there has been little discussion of the ethical issues with regards to health research with prisoners in Canada. The purpose of this paper is to encourage a national conversation about ...

    journal_title:BMC medical ethics

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    doi:10.1186/s12910-017-0189-6

    authors: Silva DS,Matheson FI,Lavery JV

    更新日期:2017-04-27 00:00:00

  • "Media, politics and science policy: MS and evidence from the CCSVI Trenches".

    abstract:BACKGROUND:In 2009, Dr. Paolo Zamboni proposed chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency (CCSVI) as a possible cause of multiple sclerosis (MS). Although his theory and the associated treatment ("liberation therapy") received little more than passing interest in the international scientific and medical communities, hi...

    journal_title:BMC medical ethics

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1186/1472-6939-14-6

    authors: Pullman D,Zarzeczny A,Picard A

    更新日期:2013-02-12 00:00:00

  • Promoting advance planning for health care and research among older adults: a randomized controlled trial.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Family members are often required to act as substitute decision-makers when health care or research participation decisions must be made for an incapacitated relative. Yet most families are unable to accurately predict older adult preferences regarding future health care and willingness to engage in research...

    journal_title:BMC medical ethics

    pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验

    doi:10.1186/1472-6939-13-1

    authors: Bravo G,Arcand M,Blanchette D,Boire-Lavigne AM,Dubois MF,Guay M,Hottin P,Lane J,Lauzon J,Bellemare S

    更新日期:2012-01-05 00:00:00

  • Under-representation of developing countries in the research literature: ethical issues arising from a survey of five leading medical journals.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:It is widely acknowledged that there is a global divide on health care and health research known as the 10/90 divide. METHODS:A retrospective survey of articles published in the BMJ, Lancet, NEJM, Annals of Internal Medicine & JAMA in a calendar year to examine the contribution of the developing world to me...

    journal_title:BMC medical ethics

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1186/1472-6939-5-5

    authors: Sumathipala A,Siribaddana S,Patel V

    更新日期:2004-10-04 00:00:00

  • Ethical considerations in forensic genetics research on tissue samples collected post-mortem in Cape Town, South Africa.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:The use of tissue collected at a forensic post-mortem for forensic genetics research purposes remains of ethical concern as the process involves obtaining informed consent from grieving family members. Two forensic genetics research studies using tissue collected from a forensic post-mortem were recently ini...

    journal_title:BMC medical ethics

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1186/s12910-017-0225-6

    authors: Heathfield LJ,Maistry S,Martin LJ,Ramesar R,de Vries J

    更新日期:2017-11-29 00:00:00

  • Developing an ethics support tool for dealing with dilemmas around client autonomy based on moral case deliberations.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Moral Case Deliberations (MCDs) are reflective dialogues with a group of participants on their own moral dilemmas. Although MCD is successful as clinical ethics support (CES), it also has limitations. 1. Lessons learned from individual MCDs are not shared in order to be used in other contexts 2. Moral learni...

    journal_title:BMC medical ethics

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1186/s12910-018-0335-9

    authors: Hartman LA,Metselaar S,Molewijk AC,Edelbroek HM,Widdershoven GAM

    更新日期:2018-12-22 00:00:00

  • What makes public health studies ethical? Dissolving the boundary between research and practice.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:The generation of evidence is integral to the work of public health and health service providers. Traditionally, ethics has been addressed differently in research projects, compared with other forms of evidence generation, such as quality improvement, program evaluation, and surveillance, with review of non-...

    journal_title:BMC medical ethics

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1186/1472-6939-15-61

    authors: Willison DJ,Ondrusek N,Dawson A,Emerson C,Ferris LE,Saginur R,Sampson H,Upshur R

    更新日期:2014-08-08 00:00:00

  • Public responses to the sharing and linkage of health data for research purposes: a systematic review and thematic synthesis of qualitative studies.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:The past 10 years have witnessed a significant growth in sharing of health data for secondary uses. Alongside this there has been growing interest in the public acceptability of data sharing and data linkage practices. Public acceptance is recognised as crucial for ensuring the legitimacy of current practice...

    journal_title:BMC medical ethics

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1186/s12910-016-0153-x

    authors: Aitken M,de St Jorre J,Pagliari C,Jepson R,Cunningham-Burley S

    更新日期:2016-11-10 00:00:00

  • Understanding and retention of the informed consent process among parents in rural northern Ghana.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:The individual informed consent model remains critical to the ethical conduct and regulation of research involving human beings. Parental informed consent process in a rural setting of northern Ghana was studied to describe comprehension and retention among parents as part of the evaluation of the existing i...

    journal_title:BMC medical ethics

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1186/1472-6939-9-12

    authors: Oduro AR,Aborigo RA,Amugsi D,Anto F,Anyorigiya T,Atuguba F,Hodgson A,Koram KA

    更新日期:2008-06-19 00:00:00

  • Dying well with reduced agency: a scoping review and thematic synthesis of the decision-making process in dementia, traumatic brain injury and frailty.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:In most Anglophone nations, policy and law increasingly foster an autonomy-based model, raising issues for large numbers of people who fail to fit the paradigm, and indicating problems in translating practical and theoretical understandings of 'good death' to policy. Three exemplar populations are frail olde...

    journal_title:BMC medical ethics

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1186/s12910-016-0129-x

    authors: Birchley G,Jones K,Huxtable R,Dixon J,Kitzinger J,Clare L

    更新日期:2016-07-27 00:00:00

  • Medical and midwifery students' views on the use of conscientious objection in abortion care, following legal reform in Chile: a cross-sectional study.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:In August 2017, Chile lifted its complete ban on abortion by permitting abortion in three limited circumstances: 1) to save a woman's life, 2) lethal fetal anomaly, and 3) rape. The new law allows regulated use of conscientious objection (CO) in abortion care, including allowing institutions to register as o...

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    doi:10.1186/s12910-020-00484-4

    authors: Biggs MA,Casas L,Ramm A,Baba CF,Correa SP

    更新日期:2020-05-24 00:00:00

  • Ethics framework for treatment use of investigational drugs.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Expanded access is the use of investigational drugs (IDs) outside of clinical trials. Generally it is performed in patients with serious and life-threatening diseases who cannot be treated satisfactorily with authorized drugs. Legal regulations of expanded access to IDs have been introduced among others in t...

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    doi:10.1186/s12910-020-00560-9

    authors: Borysowski J,Górski A

    更新日期:2020-11-18 00:00:00

  • Convergent ethical issues in HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis and malaria vaccine trials in Africa: Report from the WHO/UNAIDS African AIDS Vaccine Programme's Ethics, Law and Human Rights Collaborating Centre consultation, 10-11 February 2009, Durban, South Africa

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Africa continues to bear a disproportionate share of the global HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis (TB) and malaria burden. The development and distribution of safe, effective and affordable vaccines is critical to reduce these epidemics. However, conducting HIV/AIDS, TB, and/or malaria vaccine trials simultaneously in ...

    journal_title:BMC medical ethics

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1186/1472-6939-11-3

    authors: Mamotte N,Wassenaar D,Koen J,Essack Z

    更新日期:2010-03-09 00:00:00

  • Leaving patients to their own devices? Smart technology, safety and therapeutic relationships.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:This debate article explores how smart technologies may create a double-edged sword for patient safety and effective therapeutic relationships. Increasing utilization of health monitoring devices by patients will likely become an important aspect of self-care and preventive medicine. It may also help to enha...

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    doi:10.1186/s12910-018-0255-8

    authors: Ho A,Quick O

    更新日期:2018-03-06 00:00:00

  • Ethical competence in DNR decisions -a qualitative study of Swedish physicians and nurses working in hematology and oncology care.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:DNR decisions are frequently made in oncology and hematology care and physicians and nurses may face related ethical dilemmas. Ethics is considered a basic competence in health care and can be understood as a capacity to handle a task that involves an ethical dilemma in an adequate, ethically responsible man...

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    authors: Pettersson M,Hedström M,Höglund AT

    更新日期:2018-06-19 00:00:00

  • Legal and ethical framework for global health information and biospecimen exchange - an international perspective.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:The progress of electronic health technologies and biobanks holds enormous promise for efficient research. Evidence shows that studies based on sharing and secondary use of data/samples have the potential to significantly advance medical knowledge. However, sharing of such resources for international collabo...

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    doi:10.1186/s12910-020-0448-9

    authors: Bernasconi L,Şen S,Angerame L,Balyegisawa AP,Hong Yew Hui D,Hotter M,Hsu CY,Ito T,Jörger F,Krassnitzer W,Phillips AT,Li R,Stockley L,Tay F,von Heijne Widlund C,Wan M,Wong C,Yau H,Hiemstra TF,Uresin Y,Senti G

    更新日期:2020-01-21 00:00:00

  • Clinical Ethics Committees in Africa: lost in the shadow of RECs/IRBs?

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Clinical Ethics Committees (CECs) are well established at healthcare institutions in resource-rich countries. However, there is limited information on established CECs in resource poor countries, especially in Africa. This study aimed to establish baseline data regarding existing formal CECs in Africa to rai...

    journal_title:BMC medical ethics

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1186/s12910-020-00559-2

    authors: Moodley K,Kabanda SM,Soldaat L,Kleinsmidt A,Obasa AE,Kling S

    更新日期:2020-11-18 00:00:00

  • Technology assessment and resource allocation for predictive genetic testing: a study of the perspectives of Canadian genetic health care providers.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:With a growing number of genetic tests becoming available to the health and consumer markets, genetic health care providers in Canada are faced with the challenge of developing robust decision rules or guidelines to allocate a finite number of public resources. The objective of this study was to gain Canadia...

    journal_title:BMC medical ethics

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1186/1472-6939-10-6

    authors: Adair A,Hyde-Lay R,Einsiedel E,Caulfield T

    更新日期:2009-06-18 00:00:00

  • Actual implementation of sick children's rights in Italian pediatric units: a descriptive study based on nurses' perceptions.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Several charters of rights have been issued in Europe to solemnly proclaim the rights of children during their hospital stay. However, notwithstanding such general declarations, the actual implementation of hospitalized children's rights is unclear. The purpose of this study was to understand to which extent...

    journal_title:BMC medical ethics

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1186/s12910-015-0021-0

    authors: Bisogni S,Aringhieri C,McGreevy K,Olivini N,Lopez JR,Ciofi D,Merlo AM,Mariotti P,Festini F

    更新日期:2015-05-13 00:00:00

  • Experiences of community members and researchers on community engagement in an Ecohealth project in South Africa and Zimbabwe.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Community engagement (CE) models have provided much needed guidance for researchers to conceptualise and design engagement strategies for research projects. Most of the published strategies, however, still show very limited contribution of the community to the engagement process. One way of achieving this is...

    journal_title:BMC medical ethics

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1186/s12910-017-0236-3

    authors: Musesengwa R,Chimbari MJ

    更新日期:2017-12-13 00:00:00

  • Lessons learned from implementing a responsive quality assessment of clinical ethics support.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Various forms of Clinical Ethics Support (CES) have been developed in health care organizations. Over the past years, increasing attention has been paid to the question of how to foster the quality of ethics support. In the Netherlands, a CES quality assessment project based on a responsive evaluation design...

    journal_title:BMC medical ethics

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1186/s12910-019-0418-2

    authors: Van Baarle EM,Potma MC,van Hoek MEC,Hartman LA,Molewijk BAC,van Gurp JLP

    更新日期:2019-11-01 00:00:00

  • Attitudes towards assisted suicide and euthanasia among care-dependent older adults (50+) in Austria: the role of socio-demographics, religiosity, physical illness, psychological distress, and social isolation.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Care-dependency constitutes an important issue with regard to the approval of end-of-life decisions, yet attitudes towards assisted suicide and euthanasia are understudied among care-dependent older adults. We assessed attitudes towards assisted suicide and euthanasia and tested empirical correlates, includi...

    journal_title:BMC medical ethics

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1186/s12910-017-0233-6

    authors: Stolz E,Mayerl H,Gasser-Steiner P,Freidl W

    更新日期:2017-12-07 00:00:00

  • The relationship between the perception of open disclosure of patient safety incidents, perception of patient safety culture, and ethical awareness in nurses.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Scientific advances have resulted in more complex medical systems, which in turn have led to an increase in the number of patient safety incidents (PSIs). In this environment, the importance of honest disclosure of PSIs is rising, which highlight the need to settle a reliable system. This study aimed to inve...

    journal_title:BMC medical ethics

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1186/s12910-020-00546-7

    authors: Kim Y,Lee E

    更新日期:2020-10-27 00:00:00

  • Personal genome testing: test characteristics to clarify the discourse on ethical, legal and societal issues.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:As genetics technology proceeds, practices of genetic testing have become more heterogeneous: many different types of tests are finding their way to the public in different settings and for a variety of purposes. This diversification is relevant to the discourse on ethical, legal and societal issues (ELSI) s...

    journal_title:BMC medical ethics

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1186/1472-6939-12-11

    authors: Bunnik EM,Schermer MH,Janssens AC

    更新日期:2011-06-14 00:00:00

  • The ethical decisions UK doctors make regarding advanced cancer patients at the end of life--the perceived (in) appropriateness of anticoagulation for venous thromboembolism: a qualitative study.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Cancer patients are at risk of developing blood clots in their veins - venous thromboembolism (VTE) - which often takes the form of a pulmonary embolism or deep vein thrombosis. The risk increases with advanced disease. Evidence based treatment is low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) by daily subcutaneous inj...

    journal_title:BMC medical ethics

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1186/1472-6939-13-22

    authors: Sheard L,Prout H,Dowding D,Noble S,Watt I,Maraveyas A,Johnson M

    更新日期:2012-09-04 00:00:00

  • Public appraisal of government efforts and participation intent in medico-ethical policymaking in Japan: a large scale national survey concerning brain death and organ transplant.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Public satisfaction with policy process influences the legitimacy and acceptance of policies, and conditions the future political process, especially when contending ethical value judgments are involved. On the other hand, public involvement is required if effective policy is to be developed and accepted. M...

    journal_title:BMC medical ethics

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1186/1472-6939-6-1

    authors: Sato H,Akabayashi A,Kai I

    更新日期:2005-01-20 00:00:00

  • A biobank management model applicable to biomedical research.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:The work of Research Ethics Boards (REBs), especially when involving genetics research and biobanks, has become more challenging with the growth of biotechnology and biomedical research. Some REBs have even rejected research projects where the use of a biobank with coded samples was an integral part of the s...

    journal_title:BMC medical ethics

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1186/1472-6939-7-4

    authors: Auray-Blais C,Patenaude J

    更新日期:2006-04-06 00:00:00