Abstract:
PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Defensins are a major family of antimicrobial peptides expressed predominantly in neutrophils and epithelial cells, and play important roles in innate immune defense against infectious pathogens. Their biological functions in and beyond innate immunity, structure and activity relationships, mechanisms of action, and therapeutic potential continue to be interesting research topics. This review examines recent progress in our understanding of alpha and theta-defensins - the two structural classes composed of members of myeloid origin. RECENT FINDINGS:A novel mode of antibacterial action is described for human enteric alpha-defensin 6, which forms structured nanonets to entrap bacterial pathogens and protect against bacterial invasion of the intestinal epithelium. The functional multiplicity and mechanistic complexity of defensins under different experimental conditions contribute to a debate over the role of enteric alpha-defensins in mucosal immunity against HIV-1 infection. Contrary to common belief, hydrophobicity rather than cationicity plays a dominant functional role in the action of human alpha-defensins; hydrophobicity-mediated high-order assembly endows human alpha-defensins with an extraordinary ability to acquire structural diversity and functional versatility. Growing evidence suggests that theta-defensins offer the best opportunity for therapeutic development as a novel class of broadly active anti-infective and anti-inflammatory agents. SUMMARY:Defensins are the 'Swiss army knife' in innate immunity against microbial pathogens. Their modes of action are often reminiscent of the story of 'The Blind Men and the Elephant'. The functional diversity and mechanistic complexity, as well as therapeutic potential of defensins, will continue to attract attention to this important family of antimicrobial peptides.
journal_name
Curr Opin Hematoljournal_title
Current opinion in hematologyauthors
Zhao L,Lu Wdoi
10.1097/MOH.0000000000000005subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2014-01-01 00:00:00pages
37-42issue
1eissn
1065-6251issn
1531-7048journal_volume
21pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Despite parenteral artesunate therapy, the fatality rate of cerebral malaria remains high. Adjunctive therapy targeting the underlying pathophysiology of cerebral malaria may further improve the clinical outcome. Endothelial activation and dysfunction is a central process in the pathogenesis of cerebr...
journal_title:Current opinion in hematology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/MOH.0b013e328345a4cf
更新日期:2011-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Anemia is a common disorder in patients with cancer and can be caused by the disease itself or by cancer-related therapy. The cardinal symptom of anemia, fatigue, is the most commonly reported symptom in patients with cancer and has profound effects on patient well-being and quality of life. Until recently, blood tran...
journal_title:Current opinion in hematology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/00062752-200205000-00010
更新日期:2002-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:The purpose of this review is to describe the physiopathological and therapeutic aspects of neutrophilic dermatosis, taking into account their most frequent associated conditions. RECENT FINDINGS:In autoinflammatory syndromes featuring neutrophilic dermatosis, the role of interleukin-1 and tumor necr...
journal_title:Current opinion in hematology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/MOH.0000000000000100
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF THE REVIEW:Monitoring for residual leukemic burden is an integral part of ongoing evaluation in chronic myeloid leukemia. With high rates of complete cytogenetic response induced by imatinib and other tyrosine kinase inhibitors, exploring refinements in current methods of minimal residual disease monitoring ...
journal_title:Current opinion in hematology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/MOH.0b013e3282f42898
更新日期:2008-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Mutations in the Endoglin (Eng) gene, an auxiliary receptor in the transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ)-superfamily signaling pathway, are responsible for the human vascular disorder hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) type 1, characterized in part by blood vessel enlargement. A growing body...
journal_title:Current opinion in hematology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/MOH.0000000000000419
更新日期:2018-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:This review provides an update on advances in the area of iron chelation therapy, including new indications and uses of currently available agents, and preliminary data on potential new agents in development. RECENT FINDINGS:Two new oral agents, deferasirox and deferiprone, have become available in t...
journal_title:Current opinion in hematology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/MOH.0000000000000031
更新日期:2014-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The reconstitution of T-cell populations is a critical component of immune recovery after allogeneic stem cell transplantation. Recent studies have used new techniques to focus on the interplay of thymopoiesis and peripheral expansion that defines T-cell repopulation. Peripheral expansion, driven by host cytokines and...
journal_title:Current opinion in hematology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/00062752-200211000-00004
更新日期:2002-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:The advent of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) has remarkably changed the treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). Patients treated in chronic phase can enjoy an expected survival similar to the general population. In the last few years we have found that some patients with an excellent therapeuti...
journal_title:Current opinion in hematology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/MOH.0000000000000224
更新日期:2016-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Thrombopoietin, also termed the c-Mpl ligand, is a lineage-dominant hematopoietic factor that primarily regulates megakaryopoiesis and thrombopoiesis. Treatment of normal animals with recombinant human megakaryocyte growth and development factor, a truncated molecule of the c-Mpl ligand, which is modified with polyeth...
journal_title:Current opinion in hematology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/00062752-199805000-00009
更新日期:1998-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Hemolytic anemias caused by premature destruction of red blood cells occur in many disorders including hemoglobinopathies, autoimmune conditions, during infection or following reaction to drugs or transfusions. Recent studies which will be reviewed here have uncovered several novel mechanisms by which...
journal_title:Current opinion in hematology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/MOH.0000000000000423
更新日期:2018-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::During embryogenesis, a pool of pluripotential, self-renewing hematopoietic stem cells is specified from undifferentiated ventral mesoderm. These cells proliferate and differentiate to yield all the peripheral blood lineages. Although the mechanisms involved in the commitment and differentiation of multipotential prog...
journal_title:Current opinion in hematology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/00062752-199803000-00012
更新日期:1998-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recent studies have improved our understanding of the cytogenesis, biology, and therapy of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). This review highlights this recent progress reported over the past year. We have improved our understanding of the cytogenetic abnormalities in CLL and soon may see identification of new tumor...
journal_title:Current opinion in hematology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/00062752-199807000-00003
更新日期:1998-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:To review the data on angiogenesis related to exosomes secreted by tumor cells in hematologic neoplasia and to elucidate the role of exosomes and exosomal miRNA in the bone marrow microenvironment, especially under hypoxic conditions. RECENT FINDINGS:Cross-talk between bone marrow tumor cells and sur...
journal_title:Current opinion in hematology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/MOH.0000000000000235
更新日期:2016-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:The increasing use of high throughput sequencing and genomic analysis has facilitated the discovery of new causes of inherited platelet disorders. Studies of these disorders and their respective mouse models have been central to understanding their biology, and also in revealing new aspects of platele...
journal_title:Current opinion in hematology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/MOH.0000000000000525
更新日期:2019-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:In the postnatal life, hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) niches are specialized microenvironments in the bone marrow that are essential for the maintenance and function of HSCs. The purpose of this review is to discuss the concept of HSC niche in light of recent studies that broaden its complexity and bet...
journal_title:Current opinion in hematology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/MOH.0b013e32833a25d8
更新日期:2010-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Chronic idiopathic and severe congenital neutropenias are rare disorders for which recent discoveries have highlighted mechanisms and consequences. RECENT FINDINGS:An inflammatory bone marrow milieu has been shown to be a major contributor to the pathophysiology of chronic idiopathic neutropenia. Act...
journal_title:Current opinion in hematology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/MOH.0b013e3282f172d3
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Acute chest syndrome (ACS) is the presence of a new pulmonary infiltrate in combination with fever or respiratory symptoms in a patient with sickle cell disease. ACS is the leading cause of death in sickle cell disease, and many patients suffer from multiple, severe episodes. Age has a striking effect on the clinical ...
journal_title:Current opinion in hematology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/00062752-199803000-00002
更新日期:1998-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Each year, approximately one in 1000 individuals suffers from venous thromboembolism. The pathogenesis of the disease is multifactorial and a thrombotic event is the result of a combination of genetic and circumstantial risk factors. Until recently, genetic defects could only be identified in a minority of thrombosis ...
journal_title:Current opinion in hematology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/00062752-199502050-00006
更新日期:1995-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Despite the reliance on platelet transfusion support in patients receiving myeloablative therapy, controversies surround platelet transfusion practices. These include the appropriate platelet dose and the threshold at which prophylactic platelet transfusions will be most effective. These issues bear directly on patien...
journal_title:Current opinion in hematology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/00062752-199911000-00015
更新日期:1999-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Although the zebrafish has been established as a research tool over the past two to three decades, in hematology it has primarily been used to investigate areas distinct from coagulation. The advantages of this vertebrate model include high fecundity, rapid and external development, and conservation o...
journal_title:Current opinion in hematology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/MOH.0000000000000075
更新日期:2014-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Much of our understanding of the organization of the cells that comprise the hematopoietic system and the cellular and molecular mechanisms that regulate their development is derived from mouse models. However, knowledge of the human hematopoietic system and identification of human stem cells have, until recently, bee...
journal_title:Current opinion in hematology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/00062752-199603060-00002
更新日期:1996-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:This article summarizes recent insights into the pathophysiology of immune thrombocytopenic purpura, a disorder in which autoantibodies against cell-specific glycoproteins (GPIIb-IIIa, GPIb-IX and others) accelerate platelet destruction. RECENT FINDINGS:Autoantibodies are produced by a limited number...
journal_title:Current opinion in hematology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/MOH.0b013e3282ba5552
更新日期:2007-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Coagulation preserves the homeostasis of internal body fluids against life-threatening blood losses. Although generally viewed as a regulated enzymatic cascade, this mechanism depends on the participation of vascular cells. Leukocytes, in particular, have evolved a formidable machinery to initiate and amplify blood cl...
journal_title:Current opinion in hematology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/00062752-199502010-00006
更新日期:1995-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:The polycomb group gene BMI1 fulfills essential roles in both normal and leukemic stem cells. The underlying molecular mechanisms are beginning to become unraveled and an overview of the current knowledge on BMI1 signaling in normal and leukemic stem cells will be presented here. RECENT FINDINGS:In a...
journal_title:Current opinion in hematology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/MOH.0b013e328338c439
更新日期:2010-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Lymphocyte trafficking is regulated by adhesion molecules mediating the initial shear-resistant binding of circulating cells to target tissue endothelium (Step 1). This review focuses on the current and emerging perspectives of the biology of these 'homing receptors.' RECENT FINDINGS:The conventional...
journal_title:Current opinion in hematology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/01.moh.0000177827.78280.79
更新日期:2005-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Although several clinical studies have investigated the effects of different treatment periods in subjects after a VTE event, the optimal duration of oral anticoagulation is still uncertain. Our review focused on studies that evaluated different risk factors that might be useful to stratify patients i...
journal_title:Current opinion in hematology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/01.moh.0000132310.18883.c0
更新日期:2004-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:The antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is a systemic autoimmune disorder characterized by recurrent thrombosis and/or obstetrical morbidity in the presence of persistently positive antiphospholipid antibodies. Recent insights into the pathogenesis of APS have begun to elucidate pathophysiology and led to...
journal_title:Current opinion in hematology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/MOH.0000000000000067
更新日期:2014-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Genetic defects of the blood platelet membrane glycoproteins, GPIIb-IIIa (alpha IIb/beta 3; CD41/CD61) and GPIb-V-IX (CD42) are the origin of several rare bleeding disorders, the best known of which are Glanzmann's thrombasthenia, Bernard-Soulier syndrome, and platelet-type von Willebrand's disease. In Glanzmann's thr...
journal_title:Current opinion in hematology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1994-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The aim of gene therapy for hemophilia is the stable introduction and expression of a gene encoding functional blood coagulation factor VIII or IX. Although there are as yet no published studies demonstrating long-term expression of therapeutic levels in large animal models of the disease, there have been several repo...
journal_title:Current opinion in hematology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/00062752-199809000-00003
更新日期:1998-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Angioimmunoblastic T cell lymphoma is a complex lymphoproliferative disorder. While recent evidence suggests that the Epstein-Barr virus and B cell disregulation are implicated in the disease's pathogenesis, their mechanistic roles remain largely unknown. The prognosis with traditional chemotherapy ha...
journal_title:Current opinion in hematology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/MOH.0b013e328186ffbf
更新日期:2007-07-01 00:00:00