Abstract：
:The sequence of arrival of the bark beetlesIps typographus andPityogenes chalcographus (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) at traps baited with their synthetic pheromones was monitored with a portable fraction collector. Histograms of the natural arrival patterns of both species were nonrandom and clumped at shorter time scales (1-, 2-, 4-, 5-, or 6-min cells) but appeared random at larger time scales (10, 20 or 30 min). Monte Carlo generation of similar histograms showed them to be random at all of these time scales. A stochastic computer model could graphically simulate insect orientation to odor sources based on present theories of odor-modulated anemotaxis and casting. Although this model was used throughout, since it assumes only that insects cast perpendicular to the current wind direction, a second model could slightly improve orientation success. However, the second model requires that the insect remember its ground path (upwind) prior to losing the plume (after an abrupt wind direction change). The effects of casting and flight parameters on orientation success and randomness of arrival sequence within various plumes were determined by simulation. Similarly, the effects of random walks in plume direction, plume width, and wind speed were explored. The results showed that dynamic random variations in plume direction and especially wind speed could cause an otherwise random arrival sequence (e.g., under constant wind) to become clumped and nonrandom. Therefore, the clumped arrival patterns of bark beetles and other insects, includingSpodoptera litura, at pheromone sources could result from random-walk fluctuations in wind speed and wind direction.
journal_name
J Chem Ecoljournal_title
Journal of chemical ecologyauthors
Byers JAdoi
10.1007/BF02040099subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1996-11-01 00:00:00pages
2133-55issue
11eissn
0098-0331issn
1573-1561journal_volume
22pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:One commonly observed effect of phytotoxic compounds is the inhibition or delay of germination of sensitive seeds. Mustard (Sinapis alba L.) seeds were incubated with aqueous extracts of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) leaves. Although sunflower phytotoxins did not influence seed viability, extracts completely inhibi...
journal_title：Journal of chemical ecology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10886-006-9183-z
更新日期：2006-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Evidence for the the ability of birds to detect olfactory signals is now well documented, yet it remains unclear whether birds secrete chemicals that can be used as social cues. A potential source of chemical cues in birds is the secretion from the uropygial gland, or preen gland, which is thought to waterproof, maint...
journal_title：Journal of chemical ecology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10886-014-0493-2
更新日期：2014-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Hydroxamic acids have been shown to be toxic to many pest insects and pathogens. In this study, the behavioral responses of western corn rootworm larvae to naturally occurring and synthetic hydroxamic acids were investigated. In a choice test between corn roots treated with hydroxamic acids and roots treated with dist...
journal_title：Journal of chemical ecology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00980055
更新日期：1992-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Several experiments have been conducted at the University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, to determine the role of allelopathic (autotoxicity) effects of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) on the establishment of alfalfa. By means of correcting any soil fertility differences and protecting the alfalfa seedlings from fungal a...
journal_title：Journal of chemical ecology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00982211
更新日期：1983-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The kinetics of the release of gossyplure, measured in the laboratory at 34.5 ± 0.5 °C, from two liquid flowable formulations are presented and discussed. The data indicate that liquid flowable formulations, defined as those formulations where the active ingredient (in this case gossyplure) is attached to a particulat...
journal_title：Journal of chemical ecology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF01012264
更新日期：1989-06-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of chemical ecology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10886-017-0884-2
更新日期：2017-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The common brushtail possum (Trichosurus vulpecula) is a generalist herbivore whose diet includes Eucalyptus leaves that are well defended by plant secondary metabolites (PSM) such as the terpene 1,8-cineole (cineole). We accustomed possums to a terpene-free diet, then challenged them with the addition of 2% cineole t...
journal_title：Journal of chemical ecology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10886-008-9463-x
更新日期：2008-05-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of chemical ecology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1023/a:1021936832258
更新日期：2003-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of chemical ecology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00994418
更新日期：1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The attractiveness to male navel orangeworm moth, Amyelois transitella, of various combinations of a four-component pheromone blend was measured in wind-tunnel bioassays. Upwind flight along the pheromone plume and landing on the odor source required the simultaneous presence of two components, (11Z,13Z)-hexadecadiena...
journal_title：Journal of chemical ecology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10886-010-9799-x
更新日期：2010-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The bitter and related constituents have been isolated fromVernonia amygdalina (Compositae), a plant ingested by wild chimpanzees possibly suffering from parasite-related diseases in the Mahale Mountains National Park, Tanzania. Isolated from the plant were four known sesquiterpene lactones, seven new steroid glucosid...
journal_title：Journal of chemical ecology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF02059596
更新日期：1994-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The salticid spider Cosmophasis bitaeniata preys on the larvae of the green tree ant Oecophylla smaragdina. Gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) reveal that the cuticle of C. bitaeniata mimics the mono- and dimethylalkanes of the cuticle of its prey. Recognition bioassays with extra...
journal_title：Journal of chemical ecology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1023/a:1015249012493
更新日期：2002-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Optically pure synthetic enantiomers of (E)-conophthorin [(E)-7-methyl-1,6-dioxaspiro[4.5]decane], one of the volatiles affecting coniferophagous bark beetles, were tested on antennae of Ips typographus, I. duplicatus, I. subelongatus, Dendroctonus micans, and five Scolytus spp. by using combined gas chromatography-el...
journal_title：Journal of chemical ecology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1023/a:1020569303433
更新日期：2002-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The tropical rainforest shrub Piper cenocladum, which is normally defended against herbivores by a mutualistic ant, contains three amides that have various defensive functions. While the ants are effective primarily against specialist herbivores, we hypothesized that these secondary compounds would be effective agains...
journal_title：Journal of chemical ecology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1023/a:1026310001958
更新日期：2003-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Analysis by gas chromatography (GC) and GC-mass spectroscopy disclosed that droplets of anal fluid produced by second-instar western flower thrips,Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), contain a two-component alarm pheromone, comprised of decyl acetate and dodecyl acetate, in a molar ratio o...
journal_title：Journal of chemical ecology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00985001
更新日期：1993-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In this study, we compared the effects of several preservation methods on the secondary phenolics of the mature leaves of purple willow (Salix purpurea L., salicaceae) with results obtained with fresh leaf analyses. Conventional freeze-drying, in which the leaves were first frozen with liquid nitrogen and then placed ...
journal_title：Journal of chemical ecology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1023/a:1010358120482
更新日期：2001-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:3,7-Dimethyl-2-undecanol, 3,7,9-trimethyl-2-tridecanol, and 3,7, 11-trimethyl-2-tridecanol were synthesized as racemic mixtures in moderate yields. The alcohols are known precursors of the female sex pheromones of the pine sawfly species Diprion nipponica, Macrodiprion nemoralis, and Microdiprion pallipes, respectivel...
journal_title：Journal of chemical ecology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1023/a:1016289902732
更新日期：2002-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Steroidal glycoalkaloids, found in species of the Solanaceae, elicit bursting activity in galeal and tarsal chemosensilla of adult Colorado potato beetles. The effect has an average latency of 6-12 sec, depending on the sensillum/alkaloid combination. A 20-sec alkaloid treatment is often suffficient to render galeal s...
journal_title：Journal of chemical ecology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00987607
更新日期：1985-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Using traps baited with natural and synthetic onion volatiles, we examined the effects of different habitats and mating on the olfactory behavior of laboratory-reared and wild onion flies. Rankings of olfactory treatments as host-finding stimuli for females were dependent on their mating status and the habitat in whic...
journal_title：Journal of chemical ecology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00987823
更新日期：1992-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The Yunnan pine caterpillar Dendrolimus houi Lajonquière is a serious defoliator of coniferous forests in southwestern China. Gas chromatography-electroantennography (GC-EAG) analyses of extracts of female sex pheromone glands of D. houi moths revealed the presence of three compounds eliciting antennal responses. Thes...
journal_title：Journal of chemical ecology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10886-007-9313-2
更新日期：2007-07-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of chemical ecology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10886-011-0039-9
更新日期：2011-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In the laboratory, ovipositor probing in mated femaleOlesicampe monticola was elicited by freshCephalcia lariciphila frass but not by aged frass or freshly spun larval silk. Second instar sawfly larvae andLarix needles also elicited a low level of ovipositor probing. Extracts of frass in dichloromethane, but not hexan...
journal_title：Journal of chemical ecology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00988648
更新日期：1981-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Adult females of Monochamus alternatus are known to use palpation to recognize oviposition scars that contain eggs and to be deterred from oviposition. This study investigated the oviposition-deterring activity of a jellylike secretion deposited by the females immediately after oviposition and methanol extracts of fem...
journal_title：Journal of chemical ecology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1023/a:1010363912326
更新日期：2001-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We identified 4-methylquinazoline (4-MeQ) as a minor component of the male sex pheromone of the parasitoid Nasonia vitripennis. Like the major components (4R,5R)- and (4R,5S)-5-hydroxy-4-decanolide (HDL), 4-MeQ is synthesized in the abdomen of males. At doses of 6 or 1 ng, 4-MeQ synergized the response of virgin femal...
journal_title：Journal of chemical ecology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10886-007-9411-1
更新日期：2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Aggregation pheromones were isolated fromCryptolestes pusillus (Schönherr), a coleopteran pest of stored products. Porapak Q-captured beetle and frass volatiles were fractionated by preparative gas-liquid chromatography. The fractions were bioassayed with an arena olfactometer and/or with a two-choice, pitfall olfacto...
journal_title：Journal of chemical ecology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF01020675
更新日期：1985-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Insects use a wide range of structurally diverse pheromones for intra-specific communication. Compounds in the class of terpenes are emitted as sex, aggregation, alarm, or trail pheromones. Despite the common occurrence of terpene pheromones in different insect lineages, their origin from dietary host plant precursors...
journal_title：Journal of chemical ecology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10886-018-1019-0
更新日期：2019-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Chemical plant strengtheners find increasing use in agriculture to enhance resistance against pathogens. In an earlier study, it was found that treatment with one such resistance elicitor, BTH (benzo-(1, 2, 3)-thiadiazole-7-carbothioic acid S-methyl ester), increases the attractiveness of maize plants to a parasitic w...
journal_title：Journal of chemical ecology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10886-012-0098-6
更新日期：2012-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Bakers' yeast reduction of (2E)-3-(2'-furanyl)-2-methyl-2-propenal yielded the synthetic intermediate, (2S)-3-(2'-furanyl)-2-methylpropanol, of high chiral purity (>97% ee) for the synthesis of the enantiomers of 2,5-dimethylheptadecane and 7-methylheptadecane, two synergistic sex pheromone components of the western h...
journal_title：Journal of chemical ecology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00980690
更新日期：1993-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Plants that contain elevated foliar metal concentrations can be categorized as accumulators or, if the accumulation is extreme, hyperaccumulators. The defense hypothesis suggests that these plants may be defended against folivore attack, and recent research has indicated that metal concentrations at or below the accum...
journal_title：Journal of chemical ecology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10886-005-9000-0
更新日期：2006-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Two compounds recently isolated from the defensive gland ofNecrodes surinamensis, α-and β-necrodol, first representatives of a new category of monoterpenes (the necrodanes), are shown to be repellent to ants and other insects and irritating to cockroaches and flies. The compounds doubtless play a defensive role inNecr...
journal_title：Journal of chemical ecology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF01012360
更新日期：1986-06-01 00:00:00
