Abstract:
BACKGROUND:There is paucity of data on the smoking habits of rural populations in developing countries. This study aimed to explore cigarette smoking practices of a rural community in Ethiopia. METHODS:A community based cross-sectional study was conducted among 548 individuals from a random sample of households in a rural town and its surrounding rural districts. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression were performed. RESULTS:Twenty-eight percent (95% CI: 24.3% - 31.6%) of the respondents were current smokers. A total of 105 (68%) smokers expressed an interest to quit while 37 (34%) had tried to quit previously but without success. There was high exposure to second-hand smoke: 285 (52%) homes allowed indoor smoking, and in 181 (33%) indoor smoking took place daily. Current smoking was strongly associated with male sex (OR = 83.0; 95% CI: 11.5 - 599.0), and being a student was found to be protective of smoking (OR = 0.04; 95% CI: 0.005 - 0.05). CONCLUSION:Cigarette smoking is prevalent among the male rural town population in Ethiopia. In addition, a high level of exposure to indoor second-hand smoke exists. There is a need for investment in rural tobacco control, including educational campaigns and cost-effective smoking cessation services.
journal_name
Harm Reduct Jjournal_title
Harm reduction journalauthors
Reda AA,Kotz D,Biadgilign Sdoi
10.1186/1477-7517-10-28subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2013-10-31 00:00:00pages
28issn
1477-7517pii
1477-7517-10-28journal_volume
10pub_type
杂志文章abstract::This article examines harm reduction from a novel perspective. Its central thesis is that harm reduction is not only a social concept, but also a biological one. More specifically, evolution does not make moral distinctions in the selection process, but utilizes a cannabis-based approach to harm reduction in order to ...
journal_title:Harm reduction journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1477-7517-2-17
更新日期:2005-09-22 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:To examine the predictors of continued drug- and sex-related HIV-risk behaviors among drug users in methadone maintenance therapy (MMT) programs in China. METHODS:We followed a sample of 5,035 drug users enrolled for the first time in MMT programs at baseline, 6 months, and 12 months utilizing a longitudina...
journal_title:Harm reduction journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1477-7517-10-23
更新日期:2013-10-10 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Options for opioid agonist therapy (OAT) are expanding with the development of prolonged-release (also known as extended-release) 1-week, 1-month, and 6-month formulations of buprenorphine. There is an assumption that patients will welcome these new treatments and medication adherence will correspondingly in...
journal_title:Harm reduction journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12954-019-0296-4
更新日期:2019-04-03 00:00:00
abstract:AIM:Evidence is emerging that prescription opioid (PO) injection is associated with increased health risks. This mixed-methods study compares the mechanics of PO and heroin injection and examines the demographic and drug-related correlates of lifetime PO injection in a sample of young people who inject drugs (PWID) in ...
journal_title:Harm reduction journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12954-020-00367-2
更新日期:2020-03-30 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:New, more effective and better-tolerated therapies for hepatitis C (HCV) have made the elimination of HCV a feasible objective. However, for this to be achieved, it is necessary to have a detailed understanding of HCV epidemiology in people who inject drugs (PWID). Respondent-driven sampling (RDS) can provid...
journal_title:Harm reduction journal
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1186/s12954-017-0172-z
更新日期:2017-07-11 00:00:00
abstract::BACKGROUND: Harm reduction is a relatively new and controversial model for treating drug users, with little formal research on its operation and effectiveness. In order to advance the study of harm reduction programs and our understanding of how drug users define their progress, qualitative research was conducted to d...
journal_title:Harm reduction journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1477-7517-1-8
更新日期:2004-08-26 00:00:00
abstract:UNLABELLED:This qualitative study of travel-related risk behaviours of Slovene injection drug users was based on interviews with individuals enrolled in drug addiction treatment programmes run by three regional centres for prevention and treatment of drug addiction. The primary objective of the study was to analyse beh...
journal_title:Harm reduction journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1477-7517-8-8
更新日期:2011-04-17 00:00:00
abstract::A decade of research in Switzerland, The Netherlands, Germany, and Spain now constitutes a massive body of work supporting the use of heroin treatment for the most difficult patients addicted to opiates. These trials concur on this method's safety and efficacy and are now serving as a prelude to the institution of her...
journal_title:Harm reduction journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1477-7517-3-16
更新日期:2006-05-02 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Ongoing legal and social discrimination, and stigmatization of people with lived experience of drug use (PWLE) continues to contribute to overdose-related deaths in Canada. The involvement of PWLE working in harm reduction services has proven effective in decreasing drug-related harms among PWLE; however, th...
journal_title:Harm reduction journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12954-020-00453-5
更新日期:2021-01-06 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Community pharmacies are important for health access by rural populations and those who do not have optimum access to the health system, because they provide myriad health services and are found in most communities. This includes the sale of non-prescription syringes, a practice that is legal in the USA in a...
journal_title:Harm reduction journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12954-019-0327-1
更新日期:2019-09-18 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Injection drug use is on the rise in the USA, and skin and soft tissue infections (SSTI) are a common complication, resulting in significant morbidity and mortality. Due to structural barriers to care-seeking, many people who inject drugs avoid formal care and resort to self-care techniques, but little is kn...
journal_title:Harm reduction journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12954-019-0345-z
更新日期:2019-12-12 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Treatment of hepatitis C (HCV) among people who inject drugs (PWID) is a critical component of efforts to eliminate viral hepatitis. A recent study found high HCV prevalence among PWID in two cities, Pretoria (84%) and Cape Town (44%). Very few (< 5%) HCV-infected individuals attended follow-up appointments....
journal_title:Harm reduction journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12954-020-00382-3
更新日期:2020-06-10 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Stigma and discrimination may adversely affect the benefits of methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) for drug users, especially in disadvantaged settings. This study assessed stigma and discrimination against MMT patients in the mountainous and rural areas in Vietnam and explored their associated factors to ...
journal_title:Harm reduction journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12954-016-0127-9
更新日期:2017-01-06 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Health services globally are struggling to manage the impact of COVID-19. The existing global disease burden related to opioid use is significant. Particularly challenging groups include older drug users who are more vulnerable to the effects of COVID-19. Increasing access to safe and effective opioid agonis...
journal_title:Harm reduction journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12954-020-00394-z
更新日期:2020-07-17 00:00:00
abstract:AIMS:To identify geographic "hotspots" for potential transmission of HIV and HCV and for drug overdose among persons who use heroin and cocaine in New York City and to examine historical continuities in problem drug use hotspots in the city. METHODS:A total of 2714 study participants were recruited among persons enter...
journal_title:Harm reduction journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12954-019-0326-2
更新日期:2019-09-02 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:The COVID-19 pandemic led to the closure of the IDEA syringe services program medical student-run free clinic in Miami, Florida. In an effort to continue to serve the community of people who inject drugs and practice compassionate and non-judgmental care, the students transitioned the clinic to a model of Te...
journal_title:Harm reduction journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12954-020-00438-4
更新日期:2020-11-17 00:00:00
abstract::Needle exchange programs chase political as well as epidemiological dragons, carrying within them both implicit moral and political goals. In the exchange model of syringe distribution, injection drug users (IDUs) must provide used needles in order to receive new needles. Distribution and retrieval are co-existent in ...
journal_title:Harm reduction journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1477-7517-7-1
更新日期:2010-01-04 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:In some countries, "Big Events" like crises and transitions have been followed by large increases in drug use, drug injection and HIV/AIDS. Argentina experienced an economic crisis and political transition in 2001/2002 that affected how people use their time. This paper studies how time use changes between y...
journal_title:Harm reduction journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1477-7517-8-2
更新日期:2011-01-20 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Smoking is endemic amongst people accessing homeless services, and they are disproportionately affected by smoking-related diseases. This paper reports on the results of a 3-month small scale intervention which explored the efficacy, challenges and opportunities of using electronic nicotine delivery systems ...
journal_title:Harm reduction journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12954-020-00406-y
更新日期:2020-10-12 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Prevalence of HIV infection among people who inject drugs (PWID) has been reported to be higher than that of the general population. The present study aimed to estimate the prevalence of HIV infection and associated risk factors among PWID in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, following the introduction of a comprehen...
journal_title:Harm reduction journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12954-020-00364-5
更新日期:2020-03-24 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Only July 1, 2017, Nevada became the fifth US state to allow the legal sale of recreational cannabis products for adults ages of 21 and over. This study investigates young adults' cannabis-related attitudes, perceptions, and behaviors in a state where recreational and medical cannabis use was recently legali...
journal_title:Harm reduction journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12954-020-00442-8
更新日期:2020-11-26 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The current illicit drug overdose crisis within North America and other countries requires expanded and new responses to address unpredictable and potentially lethal substances, including fentanyl analogues, in the unregulated drug market. Community-wide drug checking is being increasingly explored as one su...
journal_title:Harm reduction journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12954-020-00373-4
更新日期:2020-05-12 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:In response to the opioid epidemic, naloxone distribution programs aim to prevent overdose death by making naloxone available and training people to use it. Peers of individuals at risk of opioid overdose are well-positioned to administer naloxone and prevent overdose death. METHODS:We conducted key informa...
journal_title:Harm reduction journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12954-019-0352-0
更新日期:2020-01-09 00:00:00
abstract:: In their commentary, Dar and Frenk call into question the validity of all published data that describe the onset of nicotine addiction. They argue that the data that describe the early onset of nicotine addiction is so different from the conventional wisdom that it is irrelevant. In this rebuttal, the author argues t...
journal_title:Harm reduction journal
pub_type: 社论
doi:10.1186/1477-7517-7-26
更新日期:2010-11-04 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:To understand the limits of HCV screening programs to reach all drug users (DUs). METHOD:The association of the recruitment of a representative sample of a population of DUs in a specific area with the use of a questionnaire that included 250 items allowed the use of uni- and multifactorial analysis to expl...
journal_title:Harm reduction journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12954-018-0264-4
更新日期:2018-12-12 00:00:00
abstract::Whilst unsupervised injectable methadone and diamorphine treatment has been part of the British treatment system for decades, the numbers receiving injectable opioid treatment (IOT) has been steadily diminishing in recent years. In contrast, there has been a recent expansion of supervised injectable diamorphine progra...
journal_title:Harm reduction journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1477-7517-3-28
更新日期:2006-09-27 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:This study aimed to investigate the development of opioid tolerance in patients receiving long-term methadone maintenance treatment (MMT). METHODS:A region-wide cross-sectional study was performed focusing on dosage and duration of treatment. Differences between racemic methadone and levomethadone were exam...
journal_title:Harm reduction journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12954-016-0095-0
更新日期:2016-02-16 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a global epidemic with an estimated 71 million people infected worldwide. People who inject drugs (PWID) are overrepresented in prison populations globally and have higher levels of HCV infection than the general population. Despite increased access to primary health care...
journal_title:Harm reduction journal
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1186/s12954-018-0269-z
更新日期:2018-12-11 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Due to the high prevalence of mental disorders among people with opioid use disorder, the objective of this study was to determine the association between concurrent mental disorders, mortality, morbidity, and continuous treatment retention for patients in opioid agonist treatment in Ontario, Canada. METHOD...
journal_title:Harm reduction journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12954-020-00396-x
更新日期:2020-07-23 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a major cause of drug-related morbidity and mortality, with incidence data implicating a wide range of HCV transmission risk practices. The Blood-Borne Virus Transmission Risk Assessment Questionnaire (BBV-TRAQ) is a content valid instrument that comprehensively assesses HCV ri...
journal_title:Harm reduction journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1477-7517-5-12
更新日期:2008-04-23 00:00:00