TALEN-engineered AR gene rearrangements reveal endocrine uncoupling of androgen receptor in prostate cancer.

abstract：:Most class I MHC ligands are generated from the vast majority of cellular proteins by proteolysis within the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway and are presented on the cell surface by MHC class I molecules. Here, we present the crystallographic analysis of yeast 20S proteasome in complex with the inhibitor homobelactosin C...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Groll M,Larionov OV,Huber R,de Meijere A

更新日期：2006-03-21 00:00:00

abstract：:The electromechanochemical model has been reformulated to take account of the close connection between energy coupling and catalysis. In catalysis the protein is programmed to utilize thermal energy to produce local strains in the catalytic cavity and to generate conformational states that favor substrate --> product ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Green DE,Ji S

更新日期：1973-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:It is widely accepted that modern humans originated in sub-Saharan Africa approximately 150-200 thousand years ago (ka), but their route of dispersal across the currently hyperarid Sahara remains controversial. Given that the first modern humans north of the Sahara are found in the Levant approximately 120-90 ka, nort...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Osborne AH,Vance D,Rohling EJ,Barton N,Rogerson M,Fello N

更新日期：2008-10-28 00:00:00

abstract：:The pyridoxal phosphate-dependent enzyme, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase (ACS; EC 4.4.1.14), catalyzes the rate-limiting step in the ethylene biosynthetic pathway in plants. The Arabidopsis genome encodes nine ACS polypeptides that form eight functional (ACS2, ACS4-9, ACS11) and one nonfunctional (ACS1) ho...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Tsuchisaka A,Theologis A

更新日期：2004-02-24 00:00:00

abstract：:Nature is rife with networks that are functionally optimized to propagate inputs to perform specific tasks. Whether via genetic evolution or dynamic adaptation, many networks create functionality by locally tuning interactions between nodes. Here we explore this behavior in two contexts: strain propagation in mechanic...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Rocks JW,Ronellenfitsch H,Liu AJ,Nagel SR,Katifori E

更新日期：2019-02-12 00:00:00

abstract：:Visual processing depends critically on the receptive field (RF) properties of visual neurons. However, comprehensive characterization of RFs beyond the primary visual cortex (V1) remains a challenge. Here we report fine RF structures in secondary visual cortex (V2) of awake macaque monkeys, identified through a proje...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Liu L,She L,Chen M,Liu T,Lu HD,Dan Y,Poo MM

更新日期：2016-02-16 00:00:00

abstract：:Five recombinant DNA plasmids have been constructed that contain structural gene sequences for rat tyrosine hydroxylase [TyrOHase; tyrosine 3-monooxygenase; L-tyrosine, tetrahydropteridine:oxygen oxidoreductase (3-hydroxylating), EC 1.14.16.2]. Rat pheochromocytoma PC 12 cell line, which contains relatively high level...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Lamouroux A,Faucon Biguet N,Samolyk D,Privat A,Salomon JC,Pujol JF,Mallet J

更新日期：1982-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The pyridoxal 5'-phosphate cofactor of glycogen phosphorylase a (1,4-alpha-D-glucan:orthophosphate alpha-glucosyltransferase, EC2.4.1.1.) has been positioned on the protomer with x-ray diffraction data, chemical markers, and sequence information. The electron density was computed from 3.0-A resolution phases calculate...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Sygusch J,Madsen NB,Kasvinsky PJ,Fletterick RJ

更新日期：1977-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Methods for the construction of ordered nanoscale arrays have been implicated in fields ranging from separation technologies to microelectronics. Yet, despite the plethora of nanoscale structures assembled in nature that use a templating strategy, chemists have been unable to replicate this success. A technology is re...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Willis B,Eubanks LM,Wood MR,Janda KD,Dickerson TJ,Lerner RA

更新日期：2008-02-05 00:00:00

abstract：:Accurate real-time tracking of influenza outbreaks helps public health officials make timely and meaningful decisions that could save lives. We propose an influenza tracking model, ARGO (AutoRegression with GOogle search data), that uses publicly available online search data. In addition to having a rigorous statistic...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Yang S,Santillana M,Kou SC

更新日期：2015-11-24 00:00:00

abstract：:Bovine proinsulin has been crystallized under a variety of conditions at both neutral and acid pH. Microtechniques were employed with sample weights of about 200 mug and volumes of 5-20 mul. The crystalline preparations all differ from each other morphologically.X-ray photographs of one form, tetragonal bipyramids gro...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Fullerton WW,Potter R,Low BW

更新日期：1970-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The crystal structure of Escherichia coli ornithine transcarbamoylase (OTCase, EC 2.1.3.3) complexed with the bisubstrate analog N-(phosphonacetyl)-L-ornithine (PALO) has been determined at 2.8-A resolution. This research on the structure of a transcarbamoylase catalytic trimer with a substrate analog bound provides n...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Ha Y,McCann MT,Tuchman M,Allewell NM

更新日期：1997-09-02 00:00:00

abstract：:The parathyroid hormone 2 (PTH2) receptor's anatomical distribution suggests that, among other functions, it may be involved in modulation of nociception. We localized PTH2 receptor protein to spinal cord lamina II and showed that it is synthesized by subpopulations of primary sensory neurons and intrinsic spinal cord...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Dobolyi A,Ueda H,Uchida H,Palkovits M,Usdin TB

更新日期：2002-02-05 00:00:00

abstract：:Rat, but not human, erythrocytes undergo fusion promoted by the membrane-mobility agent 2-(2-methoxyethoxy)-ethyl cis-8-(2-octylcyclopropyl)octanoate (A2C). The difference in behavior is correlated with rat erythrocyte membrane protein degradation caused by Ca2+-activated proteases. The human erythrocyte is deficient ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Kosower NS,Glaser T,Kosower EM

更新日期：1983-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Peroxisome proliferators cause rapid and coordinated transcriptional activation of genes encoding peroxisomal beta-oxidation system enzymes by activating peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) isoform(s). Since the thyroid hormone (T3; 3,3',5-triiodothyronine) receptor (TR), another member of the nuclear ho...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Chu R,Madison LD,Lin Y,Kopp P,Rao MS,Jameson JL,Reddy JK

更新日期：1995-12-05 00:00:00

abstract：:Evidence is given for the existence of an electron transport pathway to oxygen in the thylakoid membranes of chloroplasts (chlororespiration). Plastoquinone is shown to be a redox carrier common to both photosynthetic and chlororespiratory pathways. It is shown that, in dark-adapted chloroplasts, an electrochemical gr...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Bennoun P

更新日期：1982-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Cultured rat embryo cells are resistant to neoplastic transformation by chemical carcinogens unless they are extensively subcultured or infected with a murine leukemia virus (MuLV) first. We found that, in normal cultured cells, MuLV activates expression of rat genes that are the progenitors of sarcoma virus genes, b...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Kimball PC,Simon MC,Mishra NK

更新日期：1980-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Staphylococcus aureus is a major cause of community-acquired and nosocomial infections including the life-threatening conditions endocarditis, necrotizing pneumonia, necrotizing fasciitis, and septicemia. Toll-like receptor (TLR)-2, a membrane-bound microbial sensor, detects staphylococcal components, but macrophages ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Hruz P,Zinkernagel AS,Jenikova G,Botwin GJ,Hugot JP,Karin M,Nizet V,Eckmann L

更新日期：2009-08-04 00:00:00

abstract：:Two major problems have to be solved in studies of genes near breakpoints of chromosome abnormalities and in large-scale genomic mapping projects: (i) the identification of genes within the large amount on nontranscribed DNA and (ii) the determination of the tissues in which the identified genes are transcribed. In si...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Boehm T,Gonzalez-Sarmiento R,Kennedy M,Rabbitts TH

更新日期：1991-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The induction of antigen-specific tolerance is critical for the prevention of autoimmunity and maintenance of immune tolerance. In addition to their classical role as sentinels of the immune response-inducing T cell reactivity, dendritic cells (DCs) play an important role in maintaining peripheral tolerance through th...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Chorny A,Gonzalez-Rey E,Fernandez-Martin A,Pozo D,Ganea D,Delgado M

更新日期：2005-09-20 00:00:00

abstract：:Covariance analysis of protein sequence alignments uses coevolving pairs of sequence positions to predict features of protein structure and function. However, current methods ignore the phylogenetic relationships between sequences, potentially corrupting the identification of covarying positions. Here, we use random m...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Qin C,Colwell LJ

更新日期：2018-01-23 00:00:00

abstract：:We describe here a simple and easily manipulatable Escherichia coli-based genetic system that permits us to identify bacterial gene products that modulate the sensitivity of bacteria to tumoricidal agents, such as DMP 840, a bisnaphthalimide drug. To the extent that the action of these agents is conserved, these studi...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Chatterjee PK,Sternberg NL

更新日期：1995-09-12 00:00:00

abstract：:Ca2+ influx through voltage-gated Ca2+ channels and the resulting elevation of intracellular Ca2+ concentration, [Ca2+]i, triggers transmitter release in nerve terminals. However, it is controversial whether in addition to the opening of Ca2+ channels, membrane potential directly affects transmitter release. Here, we ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Felmy F,Neher E,Schneggenburger R

更新日期：2003-12-09 00:00:00

abstract：:Sympatric speciation has been controversial since it was first proposed as a mode of speciation. Subterranean blind mole rats (Spalacidae) are considered to speciate allopatrically or peripatrically. Here, we report a possible incipient sympatric adaptive ecological speciation in Spalax galili (2n = 52). The study mic...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Hadid Y,Tzur S,Pavlícek T,Šumbera R,Šklíba J,Lövy M,Fragman-Sapir O,Beiles A,Arieli R,Raz S,Nevo E

更新日期：2013-02-12 00:00:00

abstract：:Germ-line stem cells (GSCs) are maintained by the somatic microenvironment, or GSC niche, which ensures that GSCs can both self-renew and produce functional gametes. However, it remains unclear how the proper niche size and location are regulated within the developing gonads. In the Drosophila testis, the hub cells th...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Kitadate Y,Kobayashi S

更新日期：2010-08-10 00:00:00

abstract：:X chromosome-linked severe combined immunodeficiency disease (SCIDX1) is characterized by the absence of T-cell and natural killer cell development and results from molecular mutations of the interleukin 2 receptor (IL-2R) gamma chain. The IL-2R gamma chain is a common component of the IL-2, IL-4, and IL-7 receptor sy...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： DiSanto JP,Rieux-Laucat F,Dautry-Varsat A,Fischer A,de Saint Basile G

更新日期：1994-09-27 00:00:00

abstract：:Poliovirus mRNA and mRNA transcribed from vesicular stomatitis virus and reovirus genomes efficiently direct protein synthesis in vivo under experimental conditions where the initiation of host protein synthesis is selectively blocked. The selective blockage of host peptide chain initiation after exposure to hypertoni...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Nuss DL,Oppermann H,Koch G

更新日期：1975-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Studies in rodents and nonhuman primates have linked the activity of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors within the hippocampus to animals' performance on memory-related tasks. However, whether these receptors are similarly essential for human memory is still an open question. Here we present evidence suggesting tha...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Grunwald T,Beck H,Lehnertz K,Blümcke I,Pezer N,Kurthen M,Fernández G,Van Roost D,Heinze HJ,Kutas M,Elger CE

更新日期：1999-10-12 00:00:00

abstract：:Increasing concentrations of estradiol (E2) ranging from 0.01 to 10 nM were found to inhibit partially but significantly the lactogenic effect of ovine prolactin (oPRL) on alpha-lactalbumin production in primate mammary tissues maintained in organ culture for 9 days. E2 at 10 nM inhibited by 38% (mean) PRL-stimulated ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Kleinberg DL,Todd J,Babitsky G

更新日期：1983-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The extensive intratumor heterogeneity revealed by sequencing cancer genomes is an essential determinant of tumor progression, diagnosis, and treatment. What maintains heterogeneity remains an open question because competition within a tumor leads to a strong selection for the fittest subclone. Cancer cells also coope...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Archetti M,Ferraro DA,Christofori G

更新日期：2015-02-10 00:00:00