Kinematic mental simulations in abduction and deduction.

abstract：:Reelin is a key mediator of ordered neuronal alignment in the brain. Here, we demonstrate that Reelin molecules assemble with each other to form a huge protein complex both in vitro and in vivo. The Reelin-Reelin interaction clearly is inhibited by the function-blocking anti-Reelin antibody, CR-50, at a concentration ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Utsunomiya-Tate N,Kubo K,Tate S,Kainosho M,Katayama E,Nakajima K,Mikoshiba K

更新日期：2000-08-15 00:00:00

abstract：:For a number of viruses, oligomerization is a critical component of envelope processing and surface expression. Previously, we reported that a synthetic peptide (DP-107) corresponding to the putative leucine zipper region (aa 553-590) of the transmembrane protein (gp41) of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) e...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Wild C,Dubay JW,Greenwell T,Baird T Jr,Oas TG,McDanal C,Hunter E,Matthews T

更新日期：1994-12-20 00:00:00

abstract：:Uniparentally inherited mutations to antibiotic resistance and dependence in Chlamydomonas reinhardi exhibit an altered chloroplast ribosome phenotype. Genetic studies demonstrate an absolute correlation between the drug resistance or dependence and the ribosome phenotype in two such mutants. ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Gillham NW,Boynton JE,Burkholder B

更新日期：1970-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We report here the biologically active conformation of acetylcholine when bound to the high-affinity state of the receptor from Torpedo californica. The acetylcholine conformation was determined in the free and bound states by proton NMR two-dimensional nuclear Overhauser effects. In agreement with x-ray crystallograp...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Behling RW,Yamane T,Navon G,Jelinski LW

更新日期：1988-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A method is presented for variational calculation of the energy and the spin densities derived from a single-determinant wavefunction. Sum and difference coordinates [unk]R = (1/2)([unk]r(1) + [unk]r(1)) and [unk]r = [unk]r(1) - [unk]r(1) are introduced, and the density matrix P([unk]r(1),[unk]r(1)) is expanded in par...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Payne PW

更新日期：1980-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Human settlement of Polynesia was a major event in world prehistory. Despite the vastness of the distances covered, research suggests that prehistoric Polynesian populations maintained spheres of continuing interaction for at least some period of time in some regions. A low level of genetic variation in ancestral Poly...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Matisoo-Smith E,Roberts RM,Irwin GJ,Allen JS,Penny D,Lambert DM

更新日期：1998-12-08 00:00:00

abstract：:Artemisinins are effective against a variety of parasites and provide the first line of treatment for malaria. Laboratory studies have identified several mechanisms for artemisinin resistance in Plasmodium falciparum, including mutations in Kelch13 that are associated with delayed clearance in some clinical isolates, ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Rosenberg A,Luth MR,Winzeler EA,Behnke M,Sibley LD

更新日期：2019-12-05 00:00:00

abstract：:DNA sequence motifs that affect RNA polymerase transcription elongation are well studied in prokaryotic organisms and contribute directly to regulation of gene expression. Despite significant work on the regulation of eukaryotic transcription, the effect of DNA template sequence on RNA polymerase I (Pol I) transcripti...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Clarke AM,Engel KL,Giles KE,Petit CM,Schneider DA

更新日期：2018-12-11 00:00:00

abstract：:Little is known about stem cell biology or the specialized environments or niches believed to control stem cell renewal and differentiation in self-renewing tissues of the body. Functional assays for stem cells are available only for hematopoiesis and spermatogenesis, and the microenvironment, or niche, for hematopoie...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Shinohara T,Orwig KE,Avarbock MR,Brinster RL

更新日期：2001-05-22 00:00:00

abstract：:This article demonstrates that a simple chemical model system, built by using a modular approach, may be used to predict the spatiotemporal dynamics of initiation of blood clotting in the complex network of hemostasis. Microfluidics was used to create in vitro environments that expose both the complex network and the ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Kastrup CJ,Runyon MK,Shen F,Ismagilov RF

更新日期：2006-10-24 00:00:00

abstract：:The presence of substance P-immunoreactive (SPI) varicose nerve networks and nerve fiber bundles in guinea pig prevertebral sympathetic ganglia has been confirmed by fluorescence immunohistochemistry. No SPI neurons have been found in sympathetic ganglia, including lumbar paravertebral ganglia. Peroxidase-antiperoxida...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Matthews MR,Cuello AC

更新日期：1982-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:DNA extracted from Dane particles has been characterized by gel electrophoresis and restriction enzyme cleavage with endonuclease R-HaeIII (from Hemophilus aegyptius). Dane particle DNA is proposed to be a double-stranded circular DNA approximately 3600 nucleotides in length containing a single-stranded gap of 600-210...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Summers J,O'Connell A,Millman I

更新日期：1975-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The plasmid construct pSVO-CAT has been used to test adenovirus promoter activities in the unmethylated or methylated state. We have now observed that the E2A late promoter of adenovirus type 2 (Ad2) DNA also activated the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) gene upon transfection of the pAd2E2A-CAT construct into...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Langner KD,Weyer U,Doerfler W

更新日期：1986-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) are characterized by a lack of defined structure. Instead, they populate ensembles of rapidly interconverting conformations with marginal structural stabilities. Changes in solution conditions such as temperature and crowding agents consequently affect IDPs more than their fold...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Wicky BIM,Shammas SL,Clarke J

更新日期：2017-09-12 00:00:00

abstract：:Multiple sclerosis is a chronic disease of the central nervous system (CNS) characterized by inflammation, demyelination, and axonal loss. The immunopathogenesis of demyelination in multiple sclerosis involves an autoantibody response to myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG), a type I transmembrane protein located...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Breithaupt C,Schubart A,Zander H,Skerra A,Huber R,Linington C,Jacob U

更新日期：2003-08-05 00:00:00

abstract：:Oncogenic mutations in the small GTPase KRAS are frequently found in human cancers, and, currently, there are no effective targeted therapies for these tumors. Using a combinatorial siRNA approach, we analyzed a panel of KRAS mutant colorectal and pancreatic cancer cell lines for their dependency on 28 gene nodes that...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Lee CS,Lee LC,Yuan TL,Chakka S,Fellmann C,Lowe SW,Caplen NJ,McCormick F,Luo J

更新日期：2019-03-05 00:00:00

abstract：:Estrogen receptors (ERs) are believed to be ligand-activated transcription factors belonging to the nuclear receptor superfamily, which on ligand binding translocate into the nucleus and activate gene transcription. To date, two ERs have been identified: ERalpha and ERbeta. ERalpha plays major role in the estrogen-med...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Yang SH,Liu R,Perez EJ,Wen Y,Stevens SM Jr,Valencia T,Brun-Zinkernagel AM,Prokai L,Will Y,Dykens J,Koulen P,Simpkins JW

更新日期：2004-03-23 00:00:00

abstract：:Alpha-Klotho (alpha-Kl) and its homolog, beta-Klotho (beta-Kl) are key regulators of mineral homeostasis and bile acid/cholesterol metabolism, respectively. FGF15/ humanFGF19, FGF21, and FGF23, members of the FGF19 subfamily, are believed to act as circulating metabolic regulators. Analyses of functional interactions ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Tomiyama K,Maeda R,Urakawa I,Yamazaki Y,Tanaka T,Ito S,Nabeshima Y,Tomita T,Odori S,Hosoda K,Nakao K,Imura A,Nabeshima Y

更新日期：2010-01-26 00:00:00

abstract：:During or immediately after synthesis in vertebrate cells, the oncogenic protein-tyrosine kinase pp60v-src associates with the approximately 90-kDa heat-shock protein (hsp90). In this complex, pp60v-src is not functional as a kinase. When pp60v-src is subsequently found inserted into the plasma membrane, it is active ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Xu Y,Lindquist S

更新日期：1993-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The failure of the population of microjunctions forming the frictional interface between two solids is central to fields ranging from biomechanics to seismology. This failure is mediated by the propagation along the interface of various types of rupture fronts, covering a wide range of velocities. Among them are the s...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Trømborg JK,Sveinsson HA,Scheibert J,Thøgersen K,Amundsen DS,Malthe-Sørenssen A

更新日期：2014-06-17 00:00:00

abstract：:Recently, tRNA aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase pairs have been evolved that allow one to genetically encode a large array of unnatural amino acids in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms. We have determined the crystal structures of two substrate-bound Methanococcus jannaschii tyrosyl aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases that ch...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Turner JM,Graziano J,Spraggon G,Schultz PG

更新日期：2006-04-25 00:00:00

abstract：:A hybrid bacteriophage, P420, was constructed in vitro; it contains part of bacteriophage P4 and a 3.6-kilobase derivative of plasmid ColE1. In Escherichia coli, the plasmid-phage hybrid can exist as a stable plasmid or can be packaged into infective bacteriophage particles. Replication of P420, directed by the ColE1 ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Kahn M,Helinski DR

更新日期：1978-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is associated with the Philadelphia chromosome, which arises by a reciprocal translocation between chromosomes 9 and 22 and harbors the BCR-ABL fusion oncogene. It is unknown whether any other mutations are needed for the chronic phase of the disease. The CML incidence increases as a fun...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Michor F,Iwasa Y,Nowak MA

更新日期：2006-10-03 00:00:00

abstract：:The energy landscape theory provides a general framework for describing protein folding reactions. Because a large number of studies, however, have focused on two-state proteins with single well-defined folding pathways and without detectable intermediates, the extent to which free energy landscapes are shaped up by t...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Calosci N,Chi CN,Richter B,Camilloni C,Engström A,Eklund L,Travaglini-Allocatelli C,Gianni S,Vendruscolo M,Jemth P

更新日期：2008-12-09 00:00:00

abstract：:Costly interactions between species that arise as a by-product of ancestral similarities in communication signals are expected to persist only under specific evolutionary circumstances. Territorial aggression between species, for instance, is widely assumed to persist only when extrinsic barriers prevent niche diverge...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Drury JP,Cowen MC,Grether GF

更新日期：2020-06-09 00:00:00

abstract：:The total amount of noncoding sequences on chromosomes of contemporary organisms varies significantly from species to species. We propose a hypothesis for the origin of these noncoding sequences that assumes that (i) an approximately equal to 0.55-kilobase (kb)-long reading frame composed the primordial gene and (ii) ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Naora H,Miyahara K,Curnow RN

更新日期：1987-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Engineered calmodulins (CaMs), rendered Ca2+-insensitive by mutations, function as dominant negatives in heterologous systems, and have revealed mechanisms of ion channel modulation by Ca2+/CaM. The use of these CaMs in native mammalian cells now emerges as a strategy to unmask the biology of such Ca2+ feedback. Here,...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Alseikhan BA,DeMaria CD,Colecraft HM,Yue DT

更新日期：2002-12-24 00:00:00

abstract：:Release of formylmethionine from the reticulocyte ribosomal substrate, f[(3)H]Met-tRNA.ribosome, is promoted by reticulocyte release factor (RF). The initial rate of this reaction is stimulated by GTP but inhibited by GDPCP. Formation of an RF.UA[(3)H]A(2).ribosome complex is a measure of the binding of reticulocyte R...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Tate WP,Beaudet AL,Caskey CT

更新日期：1973-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:DNA-membrane attachment in cultures of E. coli B/r is found to depend on the pattern of DNA synthesis, (a) When the number of replication points increases, the fraction of the DNA that is membrane bound also increases. The relationship between the amount of DNA-membrane attachment and the number of replication points ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Parker DL,Glaser DA

更新日期：1975-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:O-GlcNAc glycosylation (or O-GlcNAcylation) is a dynamic, inducible posttranslational modification found on proteins associated with neurodegenerative diseases such as α-synuclein, amyloid precursor protein, and tau. Deletion of the O-GlcNAc transferase (ogt) gene responsible for the modification causes early postnata...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Wang AC,Jensen EH,Rexach JE,Vinters HV,Hsieh-Wilson LC

更新日期：2016-12-27 00:00:00