Evaluation of new Tc-99m-labeled Arg-X-Asp-conjugated α-melanocyte stimulating hormone peptides for melanoma imaging.

Abstract:

:The purpose of this study was to examine the melanoma targeting and imaging properties of two new (99m)Tc-labeled Arg-X-Asp-conjugated α-melanocyte stimulating hormone (α-MSH) peptides. RTD-Lys-(Arg(11))CCMSH {c[Asp-Arg-Thr-Asp-DTyr]-Lys-Cys-Cys-Glu-His-DPhe-Arg-Trp-Cys-Arg-Pro-Val-NH2} and RVD-Lys-(Arg(11))CCMSH peptides were synthesized, and their melanocortin-1 (MC1) receptor binding affinities were determined in B16/F1 melanoma cells. The biodistribution and melanoma imaging properties of (99m)Tc-RTD-Lys-(Arg(11))CCMSH and (99m)Tc-RVD-Lys-(Arg(11))CCMSH were determined in B16/F1 melanoma-bearing C57 mice. The IC50 values of RTD-Lys-(Arg(11))CCMSH and RVD-Lys-(Arg(11))CCMSH were 0.7 ± 0.07 and 1.0 ± 0.3 nM in B16/F1 melanoma cells. Both (99m)Tc-RTD-Lys-(Arg(11))CCMSH and (99m)Tc-RVD-Lys-(Arg(11))CCMSH displayed high melanoma uptake. (99m)Tc-RTD-Lys-(Arg(11))CCMSH exhibited the highest tumor uptake of 18.77 ± 5.13% ID/g at 2 h postinjection, whereas (99m)Tc-RVD-Lys-(Arg(11))CCMSH reached the highest tumor uptake of 19.63 ± 4.68% ID/g at 4 h postinjection. Both (99m)Tc-RTD-Lys-(Arg(11))CCMSH and (99m)Tc-RVD-Lys-(Arg(11))CCMSH showed low accumulation in normal organs (<1.7% ID/g) except for the kidneys at 2 h postinjection. The renal uptake of (99m)Tc-RTD-Lys-(Arg(11))CCMSH and (99m)Tc-RVD-Lys-(Arg(11))CCMSH was 135.14 ± 23.62 and 94.01 ± 18.31% ID/g at 2 h postinjection, respectively. The melanoma lesions were clearly visualized by single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT)/CT using either (99m)Tc-RTD-Lys-(Arg(11))CCMSH or (99m)Tc-RVD-Lys-(Arg(11))CCMSH as an imaging probe at 2 h postinjection. Overall, the introduction of Thr or Val residue retained high melanoma uptake of (99m)Tc-RTD-Lys-(Arg(11))CCMSH and (99m)Tc-RVD-Lys-(Arg(11))CCMSH. However, high renal uptake of (99m)Tc-RTD-Lys-(Arg(11))CCMSH and (99m)Tc-RVD-Lys-(Arg(11))CCMSH need to be reduced to facilitate their future applications.

journal_name

Mol Pharm

journal_title

Molecular pharmaceutics

authors

Flook AM,Yang J,Miao Y

doi

10.1021/mp400248f

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2013-09-03 00:00:00

pages

3417-24

issue

9

eissn

1543-8384

issn

1543-8392

journal_volume

10

pub_type

杂志文章
  • FRET imaging approaches for in vitro and in vivo characterization of synthetic lipid nanoparticles.

    abstract::DiI and DiD, two fluorophores able to interact by FRET (Förster resonance energy transfer), were coencapsulated in the core of lipid nanocapsules (LNCs) and nanoemulsions (LNEs), lipophilic reservoirs for the delivery of drugs. The ability of FRET imaging to provide information on the kinetics of dissociation of the n...

    journal_title:Molecular pharmaceutics

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1021/mp500329z

    authors: Gravier J,Sancey L,Hirsjärvi S,Rustique E,Passirani C,Benoît JP,Coll JL,Texier I

    更新日期:2014-09-02 00:00:00

  • New Silver(I) Coordination Compound Loaded into Polymeric Nanoparticles as a Strategy to Improve In Vitro Anti-Helicobacter pylori Activity.

    abstract::Helicobacter pylori inhabits the gastric epithelium and can promote the development of gastric disorders, such as peptic ulcers, acute and chronic gastritis, mucosal lymphoid tissue (MALT), and gastric adenocarcinomas. To use nanotechnology as a tool to increase the antibacterial activity of silver I [Ag(I)] compounds...

    journal_title:Molecular pharmaceutics

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.9b01264

    authors: Almeida Furquim de Camargo B,Soares Silva DE,Noronha da Silva A,Campos DL,Machado Ribeiro TR,Mieli MJ,Borges Teixeira Zanatta M,Bento da Silva P,Pavan FR,Gallina Moreira C,Resende FA,Menegário AA,Chorilli M,Vieira de Godoy Nett

    更新日期:2020-07-06 00:00:00

  • Quantitative Imaging of the Hypoxia-Related Marker CAIX in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma Xenograft Models.

    abstract::Tumor hypoxia plays a major role in radio- and chemotherapy resistance in solid tumors. Carbonic Anhydrase IX (CAIX) is an endogenous hypoxia-related protein, which is associated with poor patient outcome. The quantitative assessment of CAIX expression of tumors may steer cancer treatment by predicting therapy respons...

    journal_title:Molecular pharmaceutics

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.8b00950

    authors: Huizing FJ,Hoeben BAW,Franssen GM,Boerman OC,Heskamp S,Bussink J

    更新日期:2019-02-04 00:00:00

  • Interactions of microbicide nanoparticles with a simulated vaginal fluid.

    abstract::The interaction with cervicovaginal mucus presents the potential to impact the performance of drug nanocarriers. These systems must migrate through this biological fluid in order to deliver their drug payload to the underlying mucosal surface. We studied the ability of dapivirine-loaded polycaprolactone (PCL)-based na...

    journal_title:Molecular pharmaceutics

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1021/mp300408m

    authors: das Neves J,Rocha CM,Gonçalves MP,Carrier RL,Amiji M,Bahia MF,Sarmento B

    更新日期:2012-11-05 00:00:00

  • Biophysical Study on the Interaction between Eperisone Hydrochloride and Human Serum Albumin Using Spectroscopic, Calorimetric, and Molecular Docking Analyses.

    abstract::Eperisone hydrochloride (EH) is widely used as a muscle relaxant for patients with muscular contracture, low back pain, or spasticity. Human serum albumin (HSA) is a highly soluble negatively charged, endogenous and abundant plasma protein ascribed with the ligand binding and transport properties. The current study wa...

    journal_title:Molecular pharmaceutics

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.6b01124

    authors: Rabbani G,Baig MH,Lee EJ,Cho WK,Ma JY,Choi I

    更新日期:2017-05-01 00:00:00

  • Drug Delivery from a Multi-faceted Ultrasound Contrast Agent: Influence of Shell Composition.

    abstract::Many cancer therapy regimes still rely heavily on the systemic administration of toxic chemotherapeutic agents. Ultrasound contrast agents consisting of microbubbles (MBs) have emerged as a drug delivery vehicle to overcome the challenges associated with systemic chemotherapy. Here, we describe the development of non-...

    journal_title:Molecular pharmaceutics

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.7b00451

    authors: Jablonowski LJ,Teraphongphom NT,Wheatley MA

    更新日期:2017-10-02 00:00:00

  • Design of a paclitaxel prodrug conjugate for active targeting of an enzyme upregulated in breast cancer cells.

    abstract::Breast cancer is the second most common cause of cancer-related deaths in women. Chemotherapy is an important treatment modality, and paclitaxel (PTX) is often the first-line therapy for its metastatic form. The two most notable limitations related to PTX-based treatment are the poor hydrophilicity of the drug and the...

    journal_title:Molecular pharmaceutics

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1021/mp500128k

    authors: Satsangi A,Roy SS,Satsangi RK,Vadlamudi RK,Ong JL

    更新日期:2014-06-02 00:00:00

  • An [18F]-Positron Emitting Fluorophore Allows Safe Evaluation of Small Molecule Distribution in the CSF, CSF Fistulas, and CNS Device Placement.

    abstract::The small molecule fluorescein is commonly used to guide the repair of cerebral spinal fluid leaks (CSFLs) in the clinic. We modified fluorescein so that it is also visible by positron emission tomography (PET). This probe was used to quantitatively track the fast distribution of small molecules in the CSF of rats. We...

    journal_title:Molecular pharmaceutics

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.9b00485

    authors: Guo H,Kommidi H,Maachani UB,Voronina JC,Zhang W,Magge RS,Ivanidze J,Wu AP,Souweidane MM,Aras O,Ting R

    更新日期:2019-08-05 00:00:00

  • Inhibition of hepatitis C virus by the cyanobacterial protein Microcystis viridis lectin: mechanistic differences between the high-mannose specific lectins MVL, CV-N, and GNA.

    abstract::Plant or microbial lectins are known to exhibit potent antiviral activities against viruses with glycosylated surface proteins, yet the mechanism(s) by which these carbohydrate-binding proteins exert their antiviral activities is not fully understood. Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is known to possess glycosylated envelope p...

    journal_title:Molecular pharmaceutics

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1021/mp400399b

    authors: Kachko A,Loesgen S,Shahzad-Ul-Hussan S,Tan W,Zubkova I,Takeda K,Wells F,Rubin S,Bewley CA,Major ME

    更新日期:2013-12-02 00:00:00

  • (64)Cu- and (68)Ga-Based PET Imaging of Folate Receptor-Positive Tumors: Development and Evaluation of an Albumin-Binding NODAGA-Folate.

    abstract::A number of folate-based radioconjugates have been synthesized and evaluated for nuclear imaging purposes of folate receptor (FR)-positive tumors and potential therapeutic application. A common shortcoming of radiofolates is, however, a significant accumulation of radioactivity in the kidneys. This situation has been ...

    journal_title:Molecular pharmaceutics

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.6b00143

    authors: Farkas R,Siwowska K,Ametamey SM,Schibli R,van der Meulen NP,Müller C

    更新日期:2016-06-06 00:00:00

  • Predicting the Agitation-Induced Aggregation of Monoclonal Antibodies Using Surface Tensiometry.

    abstract::Adsorption of antibody therapeutics to air-liquid interfaces can enhance aggregation, particularly when the solution does not contain protective surfactant or when the surfactant is diluted as occurs during preparation of intravenous infusion bags. The ability to predict an antibody's propensity for interfacially medi...

    journal_title:Molecular pharmaceutics

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.5b00089

    authors: Shieh IC,Patel AR

    更新日期:2015-09-08 00:00:00

  • Direct NMR Monitoring of Phase Separation Behavior of Highly Supersaturated Nifedipine Solution Stabilized with Hypromellose Derivatives.

    abstract::We investigated the phase separation behavior and maintenance mechanism of the supersaturated state of poorly water-soluble nifedipine (NIF) in hypromellose (HPMC) derivative solutions. Highly supersaturated NIF formed NIF-rich nanodroplets through phase separation from aqueous solution containing HPMC derivative. Dis...

    journal_title:Molecular pharmaceutics

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.7b00178

    authors: Ueda K,Higashi K,Moribe K

    更新日期:2017-07-03 00:00:00

  • Development of a Janus Kinase Inhibitor Prodrug for the Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis.

    abstract::While highly efficacious in treating rheumatoid arthritis (RA), the approved Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitor, Tofacitinib (Tofa, CP-690 550), has dose-dependent toxicities that limit its clinical application. In this study, we have examined whether a prodrug design that targets arthritic joints would enhance Tofa's thera...

    journal_title:Molecular pharmaceutics

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.8b00433

    authors: Wei X,Wu J,Zhao G,Galdamez J,Lele SM,Wang X,Liu Y,Soni DM,Purdue PE,Mikuls TR,Goldring SR,Wang D

    更新日期:2018-08-06 00:00:00

  • Combination Approach of YSA Peptide Anchored Docetaxel Stealth Liposomes with Oral Antifibrotic Agent for the Treatment of Lung Cancer.

    abstract::Therapeutic efficacy of nanocarriers can be amplified by active targeting and overcoming the extracellular matrix associated barriers of tumors. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of oral antifibrotic agent (telmisartan) on tumor uptake and anticancer efficacy of EphA2 receptor targeted liposom...

    journal_title:Molecular pharmaceutics

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.6b00187

    authors: Patel K,Doddapaneni R,Sekar V,Chowdhury N,Singh M

    更新日期:2016-06-06 00:00:00

  • Improving Prediction of Free Fatty Acid Particle Formation in Biopharmaceutical Drug Products: Incorporating Ester Distribution during Polysorbate 20 Degradation.

    abstract::Polysorbate 20 (PS20) is a commonly used surfactant in biopharmaceutical formulations. It is a heterogeneous surfactant containing a distribution of fatty acid esters, which are subject to hydrolytic degradation, generating free fatty acids (FFAs). The FFAs can form visible or subvisible particles in drug product on s...

    journal_title:Molecular pharmaceutics

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.0c00794

    authors: Doshi N,Martin J,Tomlinson A

    更新日期:2020-11-02 00:00:00

  • Drug salt formation via mechanochemistry: the case study of vincamine.

    abstract::In the present research a salt of vincamine, a poorly bioavailable indole alkaloid derived from the leaves of Vinca minor L., was synthesized in the solid state by means of a mechanochemical process employing citric acid as a reagent. The mechanochemical process was adopted as a solvent-free alternative to classical c...

    journal_title:Molecular pharmaceutics

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1021/mp300371f

    authors: Hasa D,Perissutti B,Cepek C,Bhardwaj S,Carlino E,Grassi M,Invernizzi S,Voinovich D

    更新日期:2013-01-07 00:00:00

  • Increasing the Net Negative Charge by Replacement of DOTA Chelator with DOTAGA Improves the Biodistribution of Radiolabeled Second-Generation Synthetic Affibody Molecules.

    abstract::A promising strategy to enable patient stratification for targeted therapies is to monitor the target expression in a tumor by radionuclide molecular imaging. Affibody molecules (7 kDa) are nonimmunoglobulin scaffold proteins with a 25-fold smaller size than intact antibodies. They have shown an apparent potential as ...

    journal_title:Molecular pharmaceutics

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.6b00089

    authors: Westerlund K,Honarvar H,Norrström E,Strand J,Mitran B,Orlova A,Eriksson Karlström A,Tolmachev V

    更新日期:2016-05-02 00:00:00

  • Peptide Glycodendrimers as Potential Vaccines for Olive Pollen Allergy.

    abstract::Olive pollen is one of the most important causes of respiratory allergy, with Ole e 1 being the most clinically relevant sensitizing allergen. Peptide-based vaccines represent promising therapeutic approaches, but the use of adjuvants is required to strengthen the weak immunogenicity of small peptides. We propose the ...

    journal_title:Molecular pharmaceutics

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.9b01082

    authors: Benedé S,Ramos-Soriano J,Palomares F,Losada J,Mascaraque A,López-Rodríguez JC,Rojo J,Mayorga C,Villalba M,Batanero E

    更新日期:2020-03-02 00:00:00

  • PCPP-Adjuvanted Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) sF Subunit Vaccine: Self-Assembled Supramolecular Complexes Enable Enhanced Immunogenicity and Protection.

    abstract::PCPP, a well-defined polyphosphazene macromolecule, has been studied as an immunoadjuvant for a soluble form of the postfusion glycoprotein of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV sF), which is an attractive vaccine candidate for inducing RSV-specific immunity in mice and humans. We demonstrate that RSV sF-PCPP formulatio...

    journal_title:Molecular pharmaceutics

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.7b00118

    authors: Cayatte C,Marin A,Rajani GM,Schneider-Ohrum K,Snell Bennett A,Marshall JD,Andrianov AK

    更新日期:2017-07-03 00:00:00

  • Using Polar Ion-Pairs to Control Drug Delivery to the Airways of the Lungs.

    abstract::The rapid absorptive clearance of drugs delivered to the airways of the lungs means that many inhaled medicines have a short duration of action. The aim of this study was to investigate whether forming polar ion-pairs can modify drug absorption to slow down clearance from the airways. Salbutamol was used as a model dr...

    journal_title:Molecular pharmaceutics

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.9b01166

    authors: Dutton B,Woods A,Sadler R,Prime D,Barlow DJ,Forbes B,Jones SA

    更新日期:2020-05-04 00:00:00

  • Delivery of lipid micelles into infarcted myocardium using a lipid-linked matrix metalloproteinase targeting peptide.

    abstract::There is a great need for delivery strategies capable of efficiently localizing drugs to the damaged myocardium that do not require direct intramyocardial injection of therapeutic molecules. In the work discussed here, we exploited the myocardium-specific upregulation of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) that occurs du...

    journal_title:Molecular pharmaceutics

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1021/mp500653y

    authors: Nguyen J,Sievers R,Motion JP,Kivimäe S,Fang Q,Lee RJ

    更新日期:2015-04-06 00:00:00

  • Impact of the Chain Length and Topology of the Acetylated Oligosaccharide on the Crystallization Tendency of Naproxen from Amorphous Binary Mixtures.

    abstract::The impact of the chain length or dispersity of polymers in controlling the crystallization of amorphous active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) has been discussed for a long time. However, because of the weak control of these parameters in the majority of macromolecules used in pharmaceutical formulations, the above...

    journal_title:Molecular pharmaceutics

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.0c00982

    authors: Minecka A,Tarnacka M,Jurkiewicz K,Hachuła B,Wrzalik R,Kamiński K,Paluch M,Kamińska E

    更新日期:2021-01-04 00:00:00

  • Scientific perspectives on drug transporters and their role in drug interactions.

    abstract::Recently, increased interest in drug transporters and research in this area has revealed that drug transporters play an important role in modulating drug absorption, distribution, and elimination. Acting alone or in concert with drug metabolizing enzymes they can affect the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of a d...

    journal_title:Molecular pharmaceutics

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1021/mp050095h

    authors: Zhang L,Strong JM,Qiu W,Lesko LJ,Huang SM

    更新日期:2006-01-01 00:00:00

  • In vivo biodistribution of prion- and GM1-targeted polymersomes following intravenous administration in mice.

    abstract::Due to the aging of the population, the incidence of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Parkinson's and Alzheimer's, is expected to grow and, hence, the demand for adequate treatment modalities. However, the delivery of medicines into the brain for the treatment of brain-related diseases is hampered by the presence o...

    journal_title:Molecular pharmaceutics

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1021/mp200621v

    authors: Stojanov K,Georgieva JV,Brinkhuis RP,van Hest JC,Rutjes FP,Dierckx RA,de Vries EF,Zuhorn IS

    更新日期:2012-06-04 00:00:00

  • Endocytic Selective Toxicity of Rhodamine 6G nanoGUMBOS in Breast Cancer Cells.

    abstract::Herein, we report on the role of endocytosis in the selective chemotherpeutic toxicity of rhodamine 6G (R6G) based nanomaterials, i.e., nanoGUMBOS, that are derived from a group of uniform materials based on organic salts (GUMBOS). Evaluation of cellular uptake in the presence and absence of endocytosis inhibitors sug...

    journal_title:Molecular pharmaceutics

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.8b00339

    authors: Bhattarai N,Mathis JM,Chen M,Pérez RL,Siraj N,Magut PKS,McDonough K,Sahasrabudhe G,Warner IM

    更新日期:2018-09-04 00:00:00

  • Cationic poly-L-lysine dendrimers: pharmacokinetics, biodistribution, and evidence for metabolism and bioresorption after intravenous administration to rats.

    abstract::Cationic poly-L-lysine 3H-dendrimers with either 16 or 32 surface amine groups (BHALys [Lys]4 [3H-Lys]8 [NH2]16 and BHALys [Lys]8 [3H-Lys]16 [NH2]32, generation 3 and 4, respectively) have been synthesized and their pharmacokinetics and biodistribution investigated after intravenous administration to rats. The species...

    journal_title:Molecular pharmaceutics

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1021/mp060032e

    authors: Boyd BJ,Kaminskas LM,Karellas P,Krippner G,Lessene R,Porter CJ

    更新日期:2006-09-01 00:00:00

  • Cannabinoid CB2 receptor as a new phototherapy target for the inhibition of tumor growth.

    abstract::The success of targeted cancer therapy largely relies upon the selection of target and the development of efficient therapeutic agents that specifically bind to the target. In the current study, we chose a cannabinoid CB2 receptor (CB2R) as a new target and used a CB2R-targeted photosensitizer, IR700DX-mbc94, for phot...

    journal_title:Molecular pharmaceutics

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1021/mp5001923

    authors: Jia N,Zhang S,Shao P,Bagia C,Janjic JM,Ding Y,Bai M

    更新日期:2014-06-02 00:00:00

  • pH-triggered echogenicity and contents release from liposomes.

    abstract::Liposomes are representative lipid nanoparticles widely used for delivering anticancer drugs, DNA fragments, or siRNA to cancer cells. Upon targeting, various internal and external triggers have been used to increase the rate for contents release from the liposomes. Among the internal triggers, decreased pH within the...

    journal_title:Molecular pharmaceutics

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1021/mp500186a

    authors: Nahire R,Hossain R,Patel R,Paul S,Meghnani V,Ambre AH,Gange KN,Katti KS,Leclerc E,Srivastava DK,Sarkar K,Mallik S

    更新日期:2014-11-03 00:00:00

  • The lymphatic system plays a major role in the intravenous and subcutaneous pharmacokinetics of trastuzumab in rats.

    abstract::Therapeutic monoclonal antibodies are currently delivered mainly via the intravenous route, since large volumes are often required to deliver a therapeutic dose. Administration via the subcutaneous route would have several therapeutic advantages; the absorption mechanisms for antibodies dosed subcutaneously are poorly...

    journal_title:Molecular pharmaceutics

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1021/mp400464s

    authors: Dahlberg AM,Kaminskas LM,Smith A,Nicolazzo JA,Porter CJ,Bulitta JB,McIntosh MP

    更新日期:2014-02-03 00:00:00

  • Multimodality imaging of breast cancer experimental lung metastasis with bioluminescence and a monoclonal antibody dual-labeled with 89Zr and IRDye 800CW.

    abstract::Metastatic breast cancer is incurable. The goal of this study was to develop a positron emission tomography (PET)/near-infrared fluorescent (NIRF) probe for imaging CD105 expression in breast cancer experimental lung metastasis. TRC105, a chimeric anti-CD105 antibody, was dual-labeled with a NIRF dye (IRDye 800CW) and...

    journal_title:Molecular pharmaceutics

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1021/mp300277f

    authors: Hong H,Zhang Y,Severin GW,Yang Y,Engle JW,Niu G,Nickles RJ,Chen X,Leigh BR,Barnhart TE,Cai W

    更新日期:2012-08-06 00:00:00